Handleiding Multiplex PROFImc3010 (pagina 69 van 79) (Engels)

Contents

Page

lntroduction

welcome

to the

PRoFI mc 3010

.........

About this

manual .................

The legal side

Quickstart

....i,

I. The transmitter

The

hardware

Transmitter

front face. notes on oDeration

..........................4

Opening

and closing the

transmitter,

changing

the RF module

.......................5

Transmitter back

panel

......................................................6

lnside the

transmitter:

Cable comDartment.

the connectors

..7

Page

Adiusting

the transmilter

controls

Animoortantdifference...................................................31

What it does, how

you

set

it up

Memories

and lists

"Transmitter

Control" copy

mode

...............................-....42

"

EXPORT' and

"

IMPORT" copy

mode ...........................42

The

"Mx"

memory

-

the

point

of

no return

.......................42

The

"SHIFT"

menu:

How to switch

models ......................

The

"NAME"

menu:

How to enter

or change a

model name ............................43

The

"TRlM"

menu:

How to check

and correct

the trim sliders

........................44

Mixers

What is

"mixing?"

.............,................45

How to use the

pre-defined

mixers

..................................46

Description of the

pre-defined,

"ready-made"

mixers

......49

Mixers for fixed-wing

models:

"ELEVATOR

+","V-TNV,

"V-TAIL

+",

"CROW',

"sNAp

FLAP".

"QUADRO",'OELTA'

.............................49

Mixers for model

helicoDters:

"

DYNAMIC

THROTTLE',

"FLARE"

..50

The freely detinable

mixers

......50

Activating

the stick

ratchet ..............

Charging

the transmitter

battery

Slow

charging,

rapid-charging

...............7

The

keypad and

the menu system

The

keypad

...............8

The

menu svslem

...............

..................9

Tra nsmitte

r

co

ntrol s a n d switches

...........

Special-purpose

menus

The

"Operations"

or

"Status"

display

...............

..............'12

How to use

the operating

period

timer

.............................13

Changing

transmission

mode

(PPMZ

PPMg,

PCM) .................

Powered

models:

"BIG

LIFT"

"

MIRAGE"

Helicopters:

,

HELIBOY'

"

RANGER"

,

BK-'117"

The assigning

process

Why do

we have to assign?

.................25

How

to assign the transmitter

controls

...........................--25

How to assign servos

......................................................26

Adiusting

the servos

How to

reverse servo rotation

..............28

How to adjust servo

neutral

..................................-..........29

How

to adjust servo

travel ...............................................29

How to

limit

servo

travel

..................................................30

How to

make travel

inputs

switchable

..............................30

.19

"RC1/F3A'

..............20

"TAIL

ROTOR',

"HEIM

HEAD','HEAD

Mlx',

.....65

The

..TRANSMITTER

CONTROL

TEST.. menu

.....66

Äccessories

Stick

tops

................ 67

.....67

Flelocating and

installing switches

....................

Hand supports,

weather shield

............68

For Experts

Switching

memories

"in

flight"

............68

Assigning servos

with more than

2

ailerons

.....................69

The

"Sl"

switch

..................................69

Transferring

programs

between two

transmitters

.............. 70

The FIXED

VALUE virtual transmitter control

...................71

-

Welcome

to

the PROFI

mc 3010

In

purchasing

the

PROFI mc 3010

you

have acquired

a

product

of

the highest

quality,

with

all

the advantages

of

being

"Made

in

Germany".

We thank

you

for

your

faith

In our

company.

As in all top-class

radio control systems

the capabilities

of the

equipment

are concentrated

in the transmitter,

which offers

a tremendous

wealth of

features and

facili-

ties.

The transmitter

also embodies

an entirely

new

method

ol setting

up and controlling

these

features, de-

signed

specifically

to

make these advantages

easier

for

the modeller

to understand

and use.

This

new

philosophy

is based

on three

elements:

"the

device

guides

the user",

by

means of a

"menu

system"

and

"clear,

easily understood

messages".

With

this in

mind,

you

could

be forgiven

for asking

"so

why

do we

need such a

fat manual?"

And indeed,

you

may

tind

such

a

weighty tome

rather frightening.

Well.

tirst ot all. the

PROFI mc 3010

is capable

of much

more than

you

can

imagine

-

and

we

would hate to

hide anything

from

you.

Secondly,

we have

put

a lot ol

eftort

into making

this a manual

that any

modeller can

understand

-

everything

is

explained

in full.

In soite ol

this,

we have to admit

that the

familiar

"

8Ol2O"

rule still applies:

with only

a 20010

knowledge of

the transmitter,

you

will be able exploit

800/0

oJ its facili-

ties. And

you

will soon

find out that

you

only need this

manual for the

odd special case.

Nevertheless,

we

would

ask

you

please

to read

right

through

this book at

least once, and

thoroughly.

Do this,

and

you

can be

sure that

you

know enough

to use the

system sensibly.

You

will

also

acquire some

idea of

the

vast range of

possibilities

which the system opens

up,

even if

you

have no use

for them at

present.

We hope

and trust that

you will have many

years

of

pleasure

and success

with

your

PROFI mc 3010.

PROFI

mc 3010

About

this

manual

lf

you

have some

prior

experience,

and

want

to

"get

down

to it" as

quickly

as

possible,

please

turn

to

the

section

entitled

"Quickstart",

which

precedes

the

main

text

ol the

manual.

The

remainder

of the book

is

divided

into

two

main

The tirst

part:

describes

and

explains

the

transmitter

and

its wide-

ranging

facilities.

This

part

of the

manual

is designed

and

organised

in a

looicä|.

tutorial-slvle

sequence,

so

that

it makes sense

to"read

it right th;ough

while

you

become

familiar

with

the

equipment;

at the same

time

it serves

as

an excel-

lent

reference

source

for later.

lnitiallv

the text

discusses

the

hardware,

then

the

main

screens

which

you

will encounter

on

the LCD

display.

Although

the

menu

system

makes

the transmitter

jusl

about

-perfect

for the

"

DlY

programmer",

a series

of

ready-made

"programs"

(as

they used

to

be called)

is

supplied

as

standard,

and

these

are described

and ex-

plained next.

After

this the

learning

curve

becomes

somewhat

steeper

(don't

worry,

it's not as

bad as

it sounds)

as

we

covdr

thö

transmitter's

facilities

in depth.

First

you

will

learn about

the

procedures and

facilities

which

are

needed

most

frequently.

After that

we deal

with those

which

crop

up

less often,

and some

which

only the

ad-

vanced

modeller

is ever

likely

to use.

Please

don't

think

that

you

have

to

know and

under-

stand

everything

about

the transmitter

right

from

the

start.

lf

you

come

across

something

that

does

not seem

to

apply

to

you,

skip

it for

now, and

read

it later on'

per-

haps

when

you

find that

you

really do

need

it'

lf vou

are an

old

hand at

this sort

of

thing,

please

be

suie

to read

with

particular

care

the Sections

which

are

concerned

with

memories,

switching

memories

"

in

flioht". and

switch.

These

are

the facilities

wfrich.are

not available

with any

other

radio

control

set.

The second

part:

deals

with the

receiving

system:

consisting

basically

of

the

receiver,

the

servos

and the

battery.

As

there are

no

substantial

differences

in this

area

from earlier

radio

systems,

this

part

has been

kept

rather

more briel.

However,

if

you

are

a beginner

to the

world

of model

ra-

dio control

tbchnology,

it is

important

for

you

to

read this

part

very carefully,

absorb

the

information,

and observe

our recommendations

as far

as

possible.

The

manual

includes

an appendix

which

explains

some

of

the technical

terms

which crop

up

most often

in dis-

cussions

of

model aircraft

control

systems.

lf

you

are

a beginner,

the

next suggestion

is aimed

squarely

at

you:

No

matter

how

fat, a single

manual

on

radio control

equipment

can

never

provide

you

with all the

knowl-

edge

you

need

in order

to operate

the

more

complex

anä

dbmanding

models

successtully.

So:

read all

the

magazines

and

books

you

can

get

hold ol

-

there

are

plenty

of them

about.

And

one

more

thing:

please

join

a club,

if at

all

possible.

There

you

will meet

people

with

similar

interests,

who

will be

only

too

pleased

to

pass

on the

benefit

of

their

exoerience.

The

legalside

Nothing

too

onerous

here, but

there

are a

tew

regula-

tions

which

we

have to

heed.

You

must

have a

licence

to operate

a

radio

control

sys-

tem

-

and

in

fact

you

need

a licence

iust

to own

one.

The

PROFI

mc 3010

is a type-approved

system'

so

you

will have

no

problem

obtaining

a

licence.

lf

Vou

intend

operating

the system

in the

40

MHz band'

thä

"General

Licence"

supplied

with

the set

is all

you

need.

Carry

it with

you

when using

the

set, as

it

must be

oroduced

ön demahd

it an

official

of the

Post

Office

de'

mands

to see

it.

You

must

notify

the appropriate

authority

if

you

intend

using

a systeni

in the

35

MHz band.

Please apply

Jor

vour

licence

on the

form supplied

with

the system;

you

irave to

fill out

the

form

with

your

personal

details'

Systems

operating

in the 35

MHz

band

may

only

be

uied

to control

model

aircraft'

lmportant:

Thb

transmitter

may only

be used

with

the

following

RF

modules:

Order

No.4 5668

DBP

licence

No. MF

142183

(27

MHz band)

Order

No.

4

5672

DBP

licence

No.

MFi42/83

(40

MHz band)

Order

No.

4 567|

DBP

licence

No. FE-78y83

(35

MHz

A and

B band).

It is

not legal

to use

the

system

with other

(older) RF

modules.

We strongly

recommend

(although

sadly

it is not obliga'

torv)

thaa

vou

take

out

third'party

insurance

for

your

modets,

oi

add

an appropriate

extension

to

your

per-

sonal

insurance

PolicY.

The operation

oI

working

models

-

especially

of

model

aircraft

-

carries

inherent

risks

which ought

to be cov-

ered.

And even

though

you

may

be comprehensively

in-

sured,

it is still

vital

that

you

operate

your

model

with

safety

in mind

at all

times.

Very

important:

as

in the case

of a

private

car,

your li-

cence

and

your

insurance

are

invalid

if

you

carry

out

modifications

to

your

radio

control

equipment.

The

op-

erating

licence

applies

exclusively

to series-approved

equipment

and any

approved

expansion

units.

For

model aircraft

above

the

legal

weight

limit

it is nec-

essary

to obtain

an

exemption

certificate

before

you fly.

We strongly

recommend

that

you

join

a

model

flying

club.

Many'clubs

are

affilialed

to one

ot the

national

governing

bodies,

and

insurance

is often

an

integral

part

of

membershiP.

Quite

apart

from these

benelits,

a club

can

offer

you

help, answer

your

questions,

and

help

you

to solve

the

myriad

problems which

you

are

bound

to encounter.

After

purchasing

a

new radio control

system

most

modellers

want to see it

in

action

as

quickly

as

possible

-

to

find out

whether it works,

if nothing else.

lf this de-

scription

fits, then this section

is tor

you.

lt

provides

brief

instructions,

with little

in the way of explanation,

on

how

to

get

started

with

your

PROFI

mc

3010.

1.

Charge the

transmitter and

receiver batteries as

de-

scribed

on

pages

7

and

74. lt

you

are

in a real hurry,

and

have access to a

Multiplex automatic

rapid charger,

then

you

can use

that.

2. Connect

the components

of the

receiving system, as

shown

on

page

72.

3.

Check

that the

RF module is

plugged

into the trans-

mitter, and

that the transmitter

crystal

(blue)

is

plugged

into it.

The receiver

must

be

fitted with the

receiver crys-

tal

(same

Channel

No.); for a single superhet

receiver

this

has a

yellow

tag, for a double

superhet

receiver a

clear Dlastic

holder.

4. Switch

on the transmitter.

The LCD display

will now

show

a screen similar

to this:

15

Erli:l li

F F t'1'1

i,

rj5r,.rllllllr.Jrj

:

irt

The top

line shows the

memory No., the

name oJ the

"current"

model

(or

EMPTY), and

the transmission

mode

(PPMZ

PPMg, or PCM) used

for that

model. The

second

line

shows

the transmitter's

operating

voltage;

first in digital

form, then in the

form of a

"bar

graph".

On

the

right

is the operating time.

The top

line ot the display

may not be exactly

as

shown;

this depends on

whether

your

dealer

has

prepared

the

transmitter

for

you

in advance.

5.

As

supplied,

the

transmitter's memories

1

-

5 are

va'

cant;

memories 6

-

15 contain

"ready-made

programs".

The

following

memories are also empty.

lf

your

dealer

has not already done

so

(in

which case

you

only

need to switch on),

you

now have to select

one

ol these

"programs".

Or

-

better

-

copy

one of them

into

one of the

vacant memories.

Then

you

can experi-

ment

with it without

worrying about changing

anything

in the

original,

which may well be extremely

useful

to

you

soon.

To copy

a

"

program",

you

have to do

two things:

a.

lf

you

do

not see memory

No. 01 at top

left in the dis-

play, you

will need to change

to that memory

(i.e.

to 01).

b.

Then

you

will copy one of the

"ready-made

pro-

grams"

into this memory.

This

is how

you

do

it:

6. lf

you

do

not see

memory No. 01 at

top left

in

the dis-

play, you

must

first

switch

to this

memory.

Press keys

E 5lS

in succession.

The transmitter

will

confirm each

key

press

with a bleep.

Your display

will

now look

like this:

SHIFTIHE

FILE

Tu

r 15: Et';1

1i

We will assume

that

it has worked conectly.

Now

press

the

Il

key.

The number

in line 2 starts

to flash.

Now

press

the

E

or

El

key until

the number

01 appears.

lt

should also be

flashing.

Now

press

the

E

key tour times;

you

are

finished, and

will see the

starting display

again, except

that

now

memory

number 01 will be displayed:

ü1

EI{FT'/!

FFI']:-I

i .

SErtJllllllrlrjr

:

ir.J

lf

you

see a

model name after 01,

instead of

EMPTY,

don't worry

-

it's all in order.

7. Now it is time to copy

a

"ready-made

program"

into

this memory.

Depending on

your particular

interests, select

one of

these

three:

"FIESTA'

(glider)

from memory No. 6,

or

"BlG

LIFT"

(powered

model)

from memory

No. 10,

or

"

H ELI-BOY"

(Schlueter-type

helicopter)

from

memory No.

13.

You will now copy one

of these

two models

into

memory No. 1, as

follows:

Press these

keys

in

succession:

EIS Z

. The transmit'

ter

will confirm each

key

press

with

a

bleep.

The screen

should

now look like this:

rf'lü[iE

:

F|]LL

rFF;t'1.

r.J

I

:

El'lFTt,j

!

(Here

again,

it

makes no difference

iJ there is a

model

name after the

No.

01,

instead of

"EMPTY".)

lf the display

is different,

you

have either

forgotten one

of the

keys, or

you

have

pressed

a

wrong key. In this

case

press

the

El

key repeatedly

until

you

arrive

back

at the starting

screen.

Try the

procedure

again.

Press the

!

key.

The number 01

in line 2

(after

"FRM."

=

from) will start to

flash. Now

press

the

E

key

repeat-

edly until

the correct

number appears,

and flashes.

The

display

will show

the conesponding

name after

the

numoer.

You have

now

"told"

the transmitter

what

you

want to

copy.

Press the

@

key. Now nothing

will be flashing, and

line

2 will look either

like this:

rFE:l'1.

rirE,:

FIE5TH

or

rFF:t'l.

i r1: ErI

ril

I FT

tFFIf'I.

1]: HEL

I EIJIJ

That's the

job

done.

Now

press

the

@

key three times,

and

you

are back

where

you

started.

Please

note: the

program

is always copied

into the

current active

memory!

.-..:

8.

You could

meet a slight

problem

at this

stage:

All the

models stored

in memory are

for the

"PPM"

transmission

mode.

lf

you

have

purchased your

PROFI mc 3010

with a PCM

receive(

you

must

now

switch

to the correct

transmis-

sion

mode.

To

do

this,

press

these keys

in

succession

@

Z tr,

and

you

will see this

display:

t'1üt:'ULHT

I

tlti:

FFt,ltr

Press the

Z

key, and

"PPMg"

will tlash.

Now

press

the

El

key, and

"PPMg"

will turn into

"PCM".

Press

the

@

key three times, and

you

will be back

to

the starting

screen.

The

job

is done.

9.

lf

you

now switch

the transmitter off and

on again

(it's

not necessary, but

do it nevertheless),

you

will see that

it has

remembered the

new settings. Unless

and until

you

switch

to a diflerent

model,

you

will always

find the

transmitter set

to this model

and this transmission

mode

when

you

switch on.

Now

you

are

ready to try the system

out.

However,

belore

you

start

worrying about

why the system

is

not

working,

check the

transmission

mode.

This is always

shown

in the

first line of the display,

on the

right.

Three

modes are

possible:

1) PPM 7

=

tor

all

PPM

receivers which cannot

de-

code

9 channels.

lf

you possess

such a

receiver

(e.9.

red 4/6 channel

receiver)

with the transmitter

set to

PPM 9. the

first two servo

output channels

will

not

wof k correctly.

2)

PPM I

=

tor all

PPM receivers,

except those

men-

tioned in

1.

3)

PCM

=

all MULTIPLEX

PCM

receivers.

*

lf the

transmission

mode is not correct,:

see 8.

The next step

is to have a

look at

pages

15 to 24 to

get

an

idea ol all the

things

you

can

do

with the model

(or

program)

that

you

have

selected.

However, betore

you

can

put

the system

to serious use,

you

will need to activate

the throttle

ratchet, and

set up

the transmitter

for throttle-left

or throttle-right,

depend-

ing on

your preference.

See

pages

7 and

14 tor

details.

Keypad

Lift

here

under

flap

Power indicator

Just

to the

right of the ON/OFF

switch

is an

LED which

glows

when the

transmitter

is switched

on. lf the

re-

serve

battery system,

Order

No. 7 5710,

is installed,

the

LED flashes

when the transmitter

is

being

powered

by

the

reserve battery

Charge socket

The Charge

socket

is on the

left face of

the transmitter,

close

to the

top. Naturally

the transmitter

charge

lead

is

plugged

in here;

the socket

is also used

for

the

Teabher/Pupil

lead, for the

Diagnosis

lead, the transJer

lead and the

rev-counter

sensor.

Aerial socket

tension

sctew

This screw

is used

to adjust

the friction

of the swivelling

aerial socket.

Rotate it clockwise

to

increase the

friction,

but

take care

not to overtighten

the

screw as

this might

damage

the swivel.

lf necessary

tighten

the screw

to the

point

where the

(fully

extended)

aerial

just

holds its

posi-

tion reliably.

Make any

adjustments

in

very small steps,

check the

effect, and

adjust again

if

necessary.

Over-tightening

the screw

can damage

the swivel

bear-

Ing.

Slider

control

"markers"

(Fig.

2)

The sliders are

fitted

with a new

form of

marker

-

an ex-

tra slider.

This

is

a

highly

practical

feature, as

it

enables

you

to shift the

slider to a

previously

set

postion

by

feel

älone:

for example,

to a

particular

flap

position.

Simply

squeeze

the slider and

the

marker together

between

thumb

and

forefinger until

they coincide.

Please note:

in each case

the

"outboard"

slider

(the

one

nearest the stick

unit)

is the actual

slider control:

the

"inboard"

ones

are the

markers.

The markers

are

fitted with a

fine

ratchet which can

be disengaged

for

adjustment

purposes.

To do

this

push

the marker slider

outwards

-

towards

the

actual slider

control

-

then

move it to the

correct

position.

Do not force

it

along

the

ratchet

-

the

ratchet

will last

longer if

you

treat

it

gently!

[::'"\'''*'

t\

LI\

|

'-'r

Aerial tension screw

t,

(Switches

and

Digi-Adjustor

not supplied

as standard!)

Transmitter

control

symbols

All of the controls

are designated

by a

letter; for exam-

ole B

is the forward/att

piane

of the

left-hand stick

unit,

and C

is right/left

on the

right-hand stick.

These letters

are

a useful

shorthand

method ol

referring to the con-

trols.

These

letter symbols are

used all

the time

in this

text, and

you

will use them

whenever

you

use

the trans-

mitter.

Stick

unit

trims

(Fig.

3)

Basically

the trims

-

apart

from

the throttle/spoiler

stick

-

work on the

"Centre-Trim"

principle.

This means that

the end-point

values are

unchanged

when the centre

position

of a

stick function

is shifted electronically

(by

moving the associated

trim

lever).

Fig.3

The throttle/sooiler

stick

incorporates

the idle

trim fea-

ture: this

means

that the

trim slider only

works at

one

end of

the stick

arc

(idle);

at

the other

end-point

(full

throttle)

the trim

has no effect.

Please

turn to

page

41

for details

of

how to set up

the idle trim

tacility.

"

Digi"-Adiustor

(not

included

in basic set)

The Digi-Adjustor

has the same

function

as the

El

and

E

keys on the

keypad, and

is automatically

connected

in

parallel

with these

keys, whenever

that serves a uQe-

ful

purpose.

Turning the

knob to the

right by one click-

stop has

the same effect

as

pressing

the

E

key once;

turning

it to the left by one

click

is the same as

pressing

the

E

key once.

This adjustor

has no

"zero"

or centre

point,

and

no end-

points!

Don't worry

-

there

is no

possibility

that

you

might

"overwind"

il. Once

you

reach

the end ot a

par-

ticular

adjustment

range, it ceases

to have any

effect.

When

to use it:

Whenever

you

wish to adjust any

func-

tion

over a considerable

range. However,

its main

pur-

pose

is

for making adjustments

to

the model

when it is

in

flight, e.g. for adjusting

aileron

differential

during test

flying.

The

switch

bays

On

either side

of the LCD screen,

at the

top of the trans'

mitter front face, are

two wells,

each of

which can ac'

cept 6 switches

or similar

accessories.

They

are

num-

bered

1 to

12

as shown

in

Fig. 4.

Switches

with 2 or 3

positions,

long

or

short toggles,

are

available

from

your

dealer.

ilililililtlil|

.

o@o

@o@

@@@

o,{^

Trim

Ftg

4

Fig. 2

Opening

and closing

the

transmitter

Ghanging

the

RF module

Opening

the case

Hold the transmitter

as shown

in

Fig.

5.

Press the

latch

buttons

down

with

your

thumbs,

then

fold the back

panel

down towards

you.

Always close the

keypad

flap

before opening

the transmitter.

Closing

the case

This is best carried

out as shown

in

Fig. 6. Hold the

transmitter

front as shown.

Engage the

lugs

at

the bot-

tom of the back

panel,

then fold the back

panel

up until

the

latches snap

home.

lf

the

latches do

not immedi-

ately

engage,

press

in slightly at

the sides.

Before closing

the transmitter

always

check that

no

wires

are trapped;

especially around

the stick units

and

over the

well tor the

keypad flap: there

is no clearance

at

all at this

point!

lf

the cables

are organised

logically inside the transmit

ter, there should

be

no danger of

wires becoming

caught

up or

jammed.

Nevertheless

-

always check

one

last time before

closing

the back!

Fig.6

Fig. 5

Changing the

RF module;

changing crystals

Grasp the

module

at

the recessed

points (Fig.

7), then

oull

it

uo and

out of its holder.

The crystal is

plugged

into the side of the

RF module

(Fig.

8). Pull out the crystal by its

plastic

tag.

When

plugging

in a crystal make sure that both

pins

engage

correctly

in

the socket

in

the

module.

Before

plugging

the module in

again,

bend the

plastic

tag over to one side.

When

relitting the module

do

not

press

down

in the

centre

of the

unit,

but

around

the finger recess

position.

This will help to ensure that

it is fitted

squarely,

thereby

avoiding damage to the contacts.

Ftg.7

Transmitter back

panel

lnside

On

both sides there are holders for a spare

pair

of crys-

tals

and

a replacement fuse. Please note the specially

formed

holder for

double superhet

receiver

crystals

and

their correct

position

in

the

holder

(Fig.

9).

Don't lever them out

-

slide them!

Outside

There is a well in the outside of the back

panel

which ac-

commodates

the transmitter aerial Ior transport. The sup-

port

bar can be set

to three ditferent

positions:

folded in

flush, at right-angles to

form

a back support, and upright

as a carrying

handle. Please refer to

Figs. 10

to

12.

\

Fig. 11

Fil.12

lnside the

transmitter

Fuse

Take a

look

at

Fig. 13. The basic

purpose

of

the fuse is

to

protect

the

transmitter against excessive currents

during

rapid charging.

lf the fuse burns out, replace

it

with the same

type

(5

x 21mm,2 Ampere,

quick-actjng

-

standard

commercial item). Charge currents

higher

than

2A may cause damage

to the transmitter electron-

ics!

Cable compartment

The leads from

the various switches are stowed away

inside

the

cable

compartment

(Fig.

14).

To open the compartment

push

one of the spring

latches to one side

and lift the cover off.

Pass the

wires from each connector

into the comparl

ment through the

nearest opening. Lead them out again

through

the openings on the side

nearest the RF

mod-

ule.

Part of the

"excess"

cable length can be accommo-

dated

inside the compartment.

Any spare cable

is best

left at the switch

position.

Always arrange

the wires carefully and

neatly, to

avoid

the cables

forming a mass of unruly

"spaghetti"

around

the stick units

or close to

the keypad cover well.

6

Fig. 13 Fig.

14

The connectors

Three

sides

of the main electronics circuit

board

are

ex-

posed,

each fitted

with

connectors

for the

"peripherals",

i.e.

stick units,

switches and so on. See

Fig. 15.

Starting

from the

lefl,

these are:

DE

Digi-Adjustor. lf

you plug

this

in

the

"wrong"

way round,

the

El

and

E

f

unctions

will be reversed.

MNT MULTINAUT

(module

no longer available)

KnR

Right-hand stick unit.

E

Control

"E".

This is normally

the left-hand slider control.

Fig.

14

F

Control

"F".

This

is normally the

right-hand slider control.

T

Keypad.

Can be

plugged

in either

way round.

G

Control

"G".

Normally this

is

a switched

channel.

Plug it

in the opposile

way round and

the direction of

operation

ol the switched

channel

is reversed.

H, l

Controls

cial

purposes.

Not used

in the standard

version.

KnL

Left-hand

stick unit.

51 to

55

Inputs for the change-over/coupling

switches

51 to 55.

More

on this on

page

12.

US

Teacher/Pupil

switch.

lf

you

install a switch

for

Teacher/Pupil

operation

(the

buddy box system),

it must

be

plugged

in here.

M

Memory switch.

lf a switch

is installed

for

this

purpose,

it must

be

plugged

in here. Plug it

in

the

"wrong"

way

round and

the selected

memories are interchanged.

Note:

When connecting auxiliary

controls and

switches

please

refer to the explanation

of the

"TEST

Controls"

menu on

page

66.

Activating

the stick

ratchet

As supplied, both

vertical axes

of the dual-axis

stick

units

are self-neutralising.

Most modellers

will want to

remove the self-neutralising

action

trom one

stick

(the

"throttle"

stick), and activate

the ratchet

instead.

Removing

the

neutralising spring

Open

the transmitter.

Select

the stick from

which

you

want to

remove the

neutralising spring, and set

it to the

position

shown

in

Fig. 16. Disengage the

neutralising

spring

using

tweezers or

pointed-nose

pliers.

Remove

the spring, and

the neutralising

arm will come

away too.

Keep these

components carefully

-

one day

you

may

need

them again.

The stick

is

now non-neutralising

in one

plane,

but

the

ratchet

is not

yet

active.

Many

pilots

like the throttle

stick

like this; especially

for the collective

pitch/throttle

stick

arrangement

used

with helicopters.

Activating

the

ratchet

At the base

of the stick unit

you

will see

a screwhead

(Fig.

17).

Undo

this screw about

4 complete

turns, coun'

ter-clockwise.

This

releases the

ratchet spring

fitted to

the stick unit,

and activates

the ratchet.

Fig. 16

Fig.17

Charylng

the transm

itter

batt*y

The transmitter

is fitted with a 6-cell sintered-cell

battery

of

1400 mAh capacity,

which

provides

an operating

perF

od of around

five

hours trom a single charge.

The EU-

ROPA-Edition

is {itted with a

1350 mAh battery

giving

about

5

hours' operation.

Note: these

values apply to

perfectly

charged

battery,

measured to lhe

point

where

the

pack

is completely

dis-

charged

(transmiüer no longer working).

Charge

up

your

transmitter

pack

as soon

as the battery

monitor warns

you.

Depending on

your

chosen

method

of charging,

the monitor

will trip after about

tour hours'

operalron.

Slow

charging

The charge current

should be

140 mA. At

140 mA

a

full

charge

is achieved in about

fourteen hours.

At this rate

it does

no harm to continue charging

beyond

this time,

as there

is no danger ol over-charging.

Fig. 18

You can use the earlier

version of the MULTIPLEX Com-

bi-Charger,

Order

No. 14

5540,

to slow-charge the bat-

tery

In this case select the

100 mA

charge

current and

charge

for at least 24

hours. At

this

current

you

can

leave the transmitter connected

to the charger con-

stantly;

it is not

possible

to damage the battery or

the

transmitter

at such a low current.

Be sure

to switch the transmitter off beJore

recharging.

Then connect the transmitter

(charge

socket) to

the

charger

using the charge

lead supplied.

Red

plug

=

+

(positive)

socket on the charger,

blue

plug

=

-

(negative)

socket.

Rapid charging

The transmitter can be

rapid-charged

in

only

1to 2

hours. However,

to

do

this salely

you

must use the

MULTIPLEX

Automatic

Rapid

Charger,

Order

No.

I

2505.

lf

you

use a ditferent

rapid charger, or a difterent

charg-

ing

process,

there

is a

danger

of damaging

the battery

and the transmitter.

We would

not

be able

to repair the

unit under

guarantee

under such circumstances.

lf

you possess

a charger

which is not compatible

with

the

protective

circuitry

of

your

new transmitter,

please

contact our Customer Service

deDartment.

For rapid-charging select an output

current ol 1

-

2 A.

Provided that

you

are using the

recommended charger,

you

do not need to concern

yourself

with the battery's

initial state of charge.

At

the

2 A rate, and

with

a com-

pletely

discharged battery

the charge

period

is about

3/4

hour; in any case the charger

switches itsel{ off

when the battery

is fully

charged.

Caution: the charge

rate must

not

exceed

2 A. At

higher

currents

the transmitter

fuse will

burn out.

Do not be tempted

to install a

higher rated fuse, as

you

risk

damaging

the transmitter.

lf

you

damage

the trans-

mitter by exceeding

the recommended

charge

current, we

will

be unable

to repair

it under

guarantee.

Note:

A

brand

new battery cannot exploit

its full capacity

right

from

the

outset. In fact, it only achieves

full capacity

after a few charge/discharge

cycles

(5

to

10). Please bear

this in

mind when

you

start using the equipment,

as the

full

operating

period

will not be available

at

first.

lf

you

need

full

battery

capacity at once,

we recommend

that

you

charge

the ilansmitter,

leave it switched

on un-

til the

battery is completely

discharged, then

recharge

it fully. Repeat thrs cycle

several times.

The

keypad aN

the

menu

qy$tgfi

The tirst

part

of this Section explains

how the

keypad is

useo.

After this

you

will find a brief

introduction to

how the

"device

guides

the user" through

menus.

The

Section

is

concluded

with a brief

explanation

of the

transmitter's

menu structure.

The

keypad

Fig. 19

These

eight

keys, used

in conjunction

with the

LCD

screen,

give you

complete

access

to all the selection

and adiustment

tunctions.

The keys are

in three

groups,

and

it is easy to

remember

what they do.

Very

briefly,

the keys

have the following

functions:

I

The

El

key

This is the

"Menu"

key. You use

it first

to

move from the

display

into the

"Menu

tree". Within the

menu

tree

the

m

key

is

always used

to conclude

any

proce-

dure,

and to move back

into the

preceding

menu.

Re-

gardless

of where

you

are

in the

menu tree,

you

can

re-

turn

to the Status display

at any time

by

pressing

this

key one or

more times.

The

tr

key

R stands

for Reverse

-

that's all

there

is

to say.

This

key

is

used

to reverse a servo,

or switch something

off

or on. More on

this in the explanation

of the individual

menus.

The

E

and

El

keys

These

keys are also

more or less sellexplanatory

lf

something

is to be

increased or

reduced, then

you

do

it

with these two

keys. You can also

use them to

"leaf

through"

lists of options at

many

places

in the various

menus.

Examples

of using the

E)

and

E

keys:

Adjusting servo

travel

Adjusting a

mixer input value

Switching

to a different

memory

Moving on to the

next transmitter control

when

testing etc.

One

special

teature here: where

it is of

practical

use,

these

keys Jeature an auto-repeat

function.

lf

you

press

the

key briefly,

its

action

occurs once.

lf

you

hold

it

pressed

down, the action

is repeated automatically.

You

simply

need to

press

the key and

watch the display,

then

release

it when the

required value

is reached.

lf

you

"overshoot",

press

the

opposite

key to

go

back

again.

For

instance,

if

you

wish to change a

mixer

input

from 0 to

70, this

is

somewhat

easier

than tapping

the

E

key 70 times.

Whenever

it makes sense,

the Digi-Adiustor

(see

page

5)

is

connected

in

parallel

with these two

keys. You can

then

choose

whether the keys or the

rotary knob

is the

more convenient

to use.

The

IZZN

keys

These

are the

"selector"

or

"afto^ "

keys. The

rec-

tangular

arrangement

is deliberate:

when

you

are

at

a

particular

menu

(wait

a moment

-

we're nearly

there!)

you

will see triangular

symbols, or

selector

tags,

in the display,

which correspond

to these

keys.

They are always

in approximately

the

same

"

cornet"

of

the screen.

It

you

press

one ol these

keys,

you

se-

lect that

point

in the

display

which is

adiacent

to the

corresponding

symbol.

We don't

want

you

to

get

complacent, so

here are

two

(slight)

complications:

1,

lf there are only

two

possible

selections

in a

particu-

lar menu, only

two selector tags are

displayed, and

only

the

corresponding

two keys are

"active".

lf

you

press

one

of the other

keys, nothing

happens.

2. Within any

of the

"Adjustment"

menus the

arrow

keys are also

used to

"release"

or

"activate"

particular

points.

The

"

trce" or

"active"

point

then

starts flashing.

Don't

worry if this is not clear

-

it's all much easier

to

do than

to describe.

A

briet

recap:

Symbol

in the display

=

key with same symbol.

The

key

is

"in

the same corner'r

as the symbol

in the dis-

play.

When

you press

one

ot the

keys,

you

select the

point

in the menu

which is adiacent

to the same

symbol

in the display.

Now

for

a

quick practice

session:

We

assume

here that

you

have copied

"BlG

LIFT" into

memory 01,

as described

in

"Quickstart",

and

that this

is still

the current

memory.)

Switch

the transmitter

on, and

you

will

see

the Status

display.

Press the

E

key. You are

now in the

"root"

menu

-

Menu 1:

r![P;t..t11

rjüHTt:t:tLr

rF

I LE:;

l'lEl.lUfu

Press the

Z

key, and

you

are

at the

"Servo

adjust-

ment"

menu:

rTFjt.J+FtEr.J.

L I l'1 I

Tr

rt::Ef.lTFlE

:;t,J

I Tr-Hr

The

El

key returns

you

to the

root menu 1. Try

pressing

the

Z

key:

you

arrive al

root menu 2:

rFUF'IL

H5:;IIJHI

rLrF .

FEF; I Lrti

Ft_:t'L

Z

key again, and

you

are

at the

Modulation

t'1r:rt:,1_llt-lT

I

r:rl'.1 :

F F

l,1'lr

Press the

menu:

lf

you

press

the

Z

key, PPM9 Jlashes.

As we

have no use

for

this at

the moment,

press

the

E

key repeatedly

until

you

arrive

back at the Status

dis-

play.

You now know

how the selector

keys and the

E)

key work.

We will

get

to the other

keys later.

The

Menu System:

makes choosing easy

In the

"Keypad"

section

which

you

have

just

read,

you

learned

virtually

all there is to

know about

navigating

your

way

from one menu to another.

Now

we

explain

the

principles

behind the system.

ln the world ol

"rcal"

computers the development

of

the

"menu-based

user

interface"

has

been

one of the

most

important steps

in maskirg the stony,

unflinching

face

of the computer,

and making

it

acceptable

and accessF

ble to the

ordinary

mortal.

The basic system

works like this:

The computer

provides

a list ot options

in the form

of a

menu, which shows

everything that

it is ready to

carry out

at any one

moment.

From

the options

on

offer

the user selects

what he wants.

Since

the computer

usually

has a vast array of capabili-

ties,

it is

generally

the case

that the

particular

option

you

want cannot

be selected

in

a single

step. After all,

if

the computer

were lo ofter

just

one, extremely

lengthy

list of oDtions. then

it would be difficult

to see what

was

on offer, and

sort out

what

you

want. lt would be

very

difficult to

make sense of a

restaurant menu

with

50

dif-

terent dishes

on one

page.

Keeping to the

restaurant analogy,

the sensible

restau-

rateur spreads

his menu over

several

pages, grouping

all the

meat dishes

in

one section,

all the

fish in another,

and

so on. lf

you

have a hankering

for a veal cutlet,

you

would look

it

up

like this:

main courses

-

meat

dishes

-

"veal".

A real menu usually

has no contents

page.

lf

what

you

are

looking

Jor is not on

page

1

("Menu

1"),

then

-

assuming

that

it is not something

really

exotic

-

you

might hope to

lind it on

page

2

("Menu

2").

The menu system

of the PROFI

mc 3010

works in a

similar

way.

Take a look at the diagram

on

page

12, which repre-

sents

the options

oftered by the

PROFI mc 3010

in a

slightly simplif

ied form.

In

your

last experiment

you

learned that the

ts

key

takes

you

directly

from the

Status

display

to the menu

proper,

i.e. to

Root Menu 1.

By selecting

SERVO

(top

left)

you

move to the

"Servo

adiustment'f

menu, where

you

can set

up many op-

tions,

if

you

wish.

By selecting CONTROL

(top

right)

you

move to the

"Transmitter

Controls"

menu, where there are

also

several

possible

options

for

you

to choose.

PROFI mc

3O1O

EURO-LINE

menu

structure

Sheet

1

SERVO

Pupil mode ON means:

Trim on the

pupil

transmitter

is not active

Menu 1

MEMORY

Menu 2

Reset operating

period

to 00:00 Select

modulationl

PPM 7

PPM 9

PCM

ASS/GN

BB File number'1 ...30, Fx

F I E5Tll File name, I characters

PFll9 Transmissionmode

l. SBU Battery voltage,

digital

llllll

Battery voltage, bar

graph,

6 blocks

tlB

|

2B Operating

period

in

hours rminutes

CONT ROL

Select servo

and assign

lunction

Select control

and assign

function

Release functions,

to be controlled by the

pupil

Define user mixers:

select USR-MIX 1,2,3

select input INP 1,

2,

3,4

assign function

Automatic

on to

menu

ASSIGN SERVO

Select MEMORY at bottom

left, and

you

find a

menu

which copes

with everything to do with memories.

For the moment, the bottom

right

option

hides every-

thing else

which the transmitter

has

to

offer, via Menu

2. You might

like

to think

of this option as

"more"

or

"contd.".

In Root Menu 2 things continue

in

the same

way:

On the

left

you get

to the

pupil

menu and the operating

10

period

timer; on the righl to

"Assign"

and

"PCM".

Be-

cause

of the similarity to a tree

-

albeit one

growing

up-

sidedown!

-

this type of menu arrangement is otten

known as a

"menu

tree", or

-

more technically, as a

menu structure. Have a look at the diagram above.

You

will

see,

for example, that there are

four more menus

hidden

behind

the

"

Files" menu.

This is intended to show that there are

four

"dead

ends"

which are accessible from the

"Files"

menu; in this

case

they are

"Copy", "Shift"

(switch

models),

"Name"

(enter,

change), and

"Chk.Trim"

(check,

match).

Eh FIE5TFI FPI'I:T

t. 5r:rr.rllllllErEr

:

IEl

r_;EEtJr_r

r-:r:rt.lTF:üLt

rF I LE!; l'lEHUfu

rTHLI+FlEtJ.

LIlllTr

rl:El.lTFiE 5lrllTt-Hr

7L:tlPV

Htll,lEt

r5H I FT

t-:H1"..

TE I l'1.i

!:ET UF'\

rtlül'lEr I

-::trl.

TE!:Tr

TFUFIL

II5!;IEI.]t

rr:F . F'EF:I

tltt

Fl:l'L

--

FLTFIL r4ütiE

--

15

: IJFF

r

--t:tF

ER. FEFr I

t--t['--

F:E5ET: Erlr l€, r

l'1ltI:,LlLET I

t:tl.,l:

FF tl'i..

Tt.UHTFIUL

!;EF:l..lr.lr

rTEFtlH

l-l5F:-l'l

I lir

H!;51rjH SEELJ|| 1

I

Tü I.IILEF:UH r

I

r]rlHTE:lrL5

FIUIIDEE

r +FII

LEE

J+5F'U

I L

.'+FlU[t[tE /'+ELEIJt]

rLt!:F:-l'1I

li 1

i:+T+E:j

rlHF,1! .". /

H:;5I

rif.lr

I Lltr F

tll'p

rFt_tF

I L

LIJF. FEF;

PROFIMC

3O1O

EURO-LINE

Menu

structure

rTEr.r+FELr.

LII'lIT!

rr-:El.lTEE

5til I TtlHr

ELELI.

+

1LlE:.:/

7::EF:.

l: ELELT,

+

r:;Fl.t

I L:

l:lt{

/

15EFl.

i:

ELEU.

+

I:EHTEE:

+.

ü:1.I

r!:EE.l:

ELE\.r.

+

r+lBtlil

F+

ELEl..lF/

Adjust

travel and set direction

for:

Switch

mixer

inputs

ON/OFF

and assign

switches

to inputs

@

ntes

rl:ilF'i

HF,tl'lEr

r:;H I FT

t_:H1.,.

TF:l l'1r

F I LE:

EE,I

HFII.IE:

FIE5TF

/

5T I

r::ti

EEFI:IF:

5HIFTlHIJ

FILE

Tlt rr:rh:FIESTH

rl{u[:'E

:

FULL

\FFll'.|,

r:1b:

FIE5TH

Select

copy

mod6:

-

FULL

-

CONTROLS

-

.ERASE!'

.

EXPORT

-

IMPORT

Adjust trim

settangs

Aulomalic on to

menu

TRIM

(adjusl

trim setlings)

Enter

file name

5ET

I]FI

rt_:Ltl'1E

I

-5t'l.

TE5Tr

rII:

ELEIJH

TFIHUELT

H!;Vl'ltlETF;

+

1

FJrili:^r

r

l

rjrJ:,j rl5L,r:

51+

r

F:LITlIIEE

+FI

I LEEI.]H

ITFIL.

LLT|I

-

F F ,-. rr t

LFtlnl

CONT

ROL

Define

Combi-Switch:

-

adjust

inputs

-

assign switch

-

reverse couplrng

The same

applies

to three

of the other branches

of

the

tree.

To avoid confusing

the

main diagrams,

these

"sub-

menus" are

shown

in

detail

on

page

11.

Using

this branching

system

you

can always

reach

your

destination,

i.e.

get

to the

point

where

you

want to adjust

or assign

something,

just

by

pressing

a

tew keys.

The overall

result:

You don't

need to learn any

codes or

conJusing compu-

ter

terminology.

In fact,

you

will

find

that

you

don't even

Set

up controls

-

adjust etfect

-

assign

switch

need the

tree diagram

after a

while, as the

plain

English

texts

guide

you

easily

through the

menus. Our sole

pur-

pose

in explaining

the

principle

is to ensure

that

you

have some

idea of

what

you

are

doing when

you press

the various

keys.

And anyway,

a little understanding

never hurt anyone.

The menu tree

is arranged

in

such

a way that

it is

quick-

er to

get

to the commonly

used

Junctions

than to the

rest.

'11

,

'

This

section

is necessarily somewhat

dry and theoreti-

cal,

and

you

can skip

it for the moment

il

you

wish.

However, sooner or

later

you

will need to absorb

some

of this information,

particularly

when installing auxiliary

switches or

other exDansion units.

As we have already seen on

page

Z

where the

internal

connectors are described,

there are several diflerent

types of connector.

First there are the connectors

which have one

purpose

only: Digi-Adjustor

(DE),

Keypad

ff)

and Memory Switch

(M).

There

is not much to say about these sockets

-

each

unit must be connected

in the correct

place.

Next comes the

group

of

"letter

inputs": A to

l.

These are

connectons for the transmitter

controls.

Here a brief explanation

is necessary: the

inputs A, B,

C, D are

not

shown

individually; they are

grouped

to-

gether

as

"KnU'

(left-hand

stick

=

A, B) and

"KnR"

(right-hand

stick

=

C,

D). The

stick

units must also

be

connected

to the correct sockets

(KnL

and KnR).

The remaining inputs are

marked

51

to S5 and US.

This

is where

"change-over

switches"

and

"coupling

switches"

are connected.

What are

transmitter controls?

Well, in coarse terms, these

are all the

"movable

ele-

ments" on

your

transmitter,

which

you

use

to operate

something on

your

model. They

include the 'wo stick

units,

the sliders, and

also, for example,

the switch

which

you

use to

release the aero-tow mechanism.

So

what are change-over switches

and coupling

switches?

These switches

are usually used

not to actually

move

something

on the model, but,

for example, to

switch be-

tween

different

pre-set

values

(such

as

Dual Rates) or

to

activate

coupled controls

(e.9.

Combi-Switch,

or a

f lap/elevator

coupling switch).

An

"extra"

for the expert:

The switch

"Sl"

is a special-purpose

feature which

does

not fit into our

neat

scheme.

lt

is

a 3-stage

switch,

and

should

really be included as a

"transmitter

control",

as it is connected

to input

"l".

However,

it

can

be used

in a similar

way

to one of the change€ver

or coupling

switches;

especially

in combination

with a transmitter

control.

An explanation

of these

special

features

would only

confuse

matters at this

point.

Please see

page

69

in the

Section

entitled

"

For experts".

Now we come

to

one

further difterence,

and a

possi-

ble source of

confusion.

According

to what we

have

just

said, a switch

can be

ei-

ther a

transmitter control

or a change-over

or coupling

switch,

depending on

where

it is

connected

inside the

transmitter.

But this

is only

partly

true:

Change-over

switches and

coupling

switches

have a

2-core connecting

lead. A switch

with a 3-core

lead can-

not be used

for this

ourpose.

Switches

which act

as transmitter

controls

may have ei-

ther a

2-core or a 3-core

lead.

For a simple ON/OFF

switch

(2-position)

the lead

is 2-core.

For a 3-stage

switch

it must be 3-core.

Why?

When

you plug

in a switch,

the transmitter

control

inpüt

"sees"

whatever

the unit

is

as

a

potentiometer

So

the

input sees a switch

as a crude

pot,

which can only

be set to

its

end-ooint

values.

And one more

note

In line with

what we have

just

said,

it is

perfectly

possi-

ble to connect

switches

(preferably

3-position

switches)

to inouts

E and F

instead of the standard

sliders.

This

can

be a useful

feature for special

models

which

require

many switched

channels.

On the

other hand

inputs G,

H, I can also be

used with

further Dots

instead of switches.

Most users

of the

PROFI mc 3010

will

hardly ever need

these

features. Our

intention

in

presenting

this brieJ ex-

cursion

into the

"

realm of the unused

features" is

just

to

give

you

an

idea of the flexibility

and

versatility of

your

new system.

What this all

means in

practice:

When

you

assign

or adiust

transmitter

controls,

you

will

always

find

yoursell

dealing

with the

"letter"

abbrevia-

tions.

When

you

are

assigning

change-over

switches

or cou'

pling

switches,

you

will be dealing

with 51

to S5 and

L/S.

When f itting auxiliary

switches

you

must bear

in mind

the number

of wires

in the cable.

t.r

rtrl

EITiLIFT

FFI'l'1

i

. ErSrtllllllr:rri

:

trr

The top line:

Ol

=

number

of the

"current"

memory.

This is always

the memory

(or

"list")

which

was in use

last time

you

operated

the system.

This usually

means:

the

model

that

you

last operated.

BIG

LIFT

=

Name of the

model

in English.

That's

easier

than

remembering

a number,

isn't it?

PPM 9

=

Transmitter's current

transmission

mode

(modulation). Also the same

as the

last time

you

used

the set.

The

"Operations"

or

"Status"

display

(Here

again

we will assume that

you

have copied

"BlG

LIFT" into

memory 01, as described

under

"Quickstart"

-

and that

you

have

not switched to a different

memory.

OJ course,

what

we are

going

to

say next applies

to

every

other

model memory.)

When

you

switch

the transmitter

on, the Status

display

will appear

on the LCD screen.

lt

provides

a summary

of the

most

important things

you

need to

know

lor

con-

trolling

your

model:

12

The second

line:

r:r.

i4r.IllIIII

8.24

Y

=

transmitter

battery

vohage. The digital

value

is

very accurate,

but

unfortunately

not

easy

to assimilate

at

first

glance

-

a drawback

of all digital

displays.

lm-

mediately after

a

full

charge

the

voltage

is

about

8.2

-

8.4

V.

At 6.9 Volts

the battery

monitor trips, and

the bat'

tery should

be

recharged.

display

is a

"bar"

consisting

of up

to 6

"boxes".

This is an analogue

version

ol the digital

volt

age display;

it

is

easier

to understand

at a

glance,

but

it

isnot

so accurate.

Consider

it as a rough

indicator of bat-

tery

voltage.

The battery

discharges steadily

while

you

are

using

the transmitter,

and at the

same time

the boxes

are

gradually

erased

from right to

left; i.e. the bar

be-

comes

shorter.

Because

of manujacturing

tolerances,

and

lhe

inherently approximate

nature of the bar,

the dis-

play

is not as accurate

and

reliable as the digital

display,

but

it

gives

you

a useful

idea ol how things

are

going.

After the bar

display:

rlrl:2+

A

very useful

leature:

The operating

period

display

At any

time

you

can

see

how long the

transmitter

has

been

in use since

the last

time the timer

was

reset to

zero

(you

can do

that at any

time

-

see

the next section

on this

page

for more details).

The timer

is cumulative,

and it

makes no difference

how

often

you

switch

the transmitter

on and

ofl; the operat-

ing

period

timer

stops counting

when

you

switch

off,

and

continues

when

you

switch

on again.

In

practice

the best

way of

managing the

timer is as

foF

lows: set it to

zero every time

you

recharge

the battery

The display

shows

hours :

minutes.

How to use

the operating

period

timer

There

is not much to say

about this

timer; all

you

can do

to

it is reset

it

to

zero. To do this

(starting

trom the Status

display)

press

E Z

f]

. You will now be at

the operating

oeriod timer

menu:

--ÜFEFI.

FEFI

I LItI--

EE:;ET:

Et:l:

ltit r

Press the

Z

key; the

value displayed

will

change

to

00:00,

and

you

are

done.

Return to

the Status display

with

@ El El

.

The operating

period

display

is in the form

hours :

minutes.

There

is nothing

else to

worry about concerning

this

timer.

When the

transmitter

is switched

off,

it records

the

last displayed

time

and starts

again

from the

re-

corded

value

next time

you

switch

on.

When should

I reset the display?

The timer can

count uo to

99 hours 59

minutes, then

it

starts again

from

zero. That's by

no means

long enough

to measure

the

lifetime of the

transmitter, although

it

might be

enough

for

"occasional

flyers"

to count their

flying time

per

season.

It makes

most sense

to reset

the timer

to zero every

time

you give

the

transmitter battery

a

lull charge.

The

transmitter's

operating

period

lrom a full charge

is

around

four hours, so

the display

gives you

quite

an ac-

curate

idea of

how much

longer

you

can

fly. But

please

only

consider

this value as

a

guide.

Slight

differences

in

batteries

and

in the transmitter's

current

consumption

can

result

in variations of up

to +/-

20010.

Your

best

bet

is to carry out

a

practical

experiment

to determine

how

long

your

own transmitter

actually

lasts.

How

to switch

between

the

transmis-

sion

modes

PPM7, PPM9 and

PCM

The transmitter

can be used

with both

PPM

receivers

(e.9.

"UNl

9") and

with PCM units

(e.9.

'PCM

DS').

You

have to set

the transmission

mode to

match the

type

of

receiver

you

wish to use.

This is

how

you

do

it:

From

the Status

Display

press

EIZZ

to arrive at

the

"PPM/PCM"

display.

You will see

this:

l'lUttLlLHT

I ül'lr

FFI'1fu

Press

the

E

key.

"PPM7", 'PPMg"

(or

"PCM")

will

start

to flash.

Press the

E

key.

PPM will change

to

PCM

(or

vice

versa).

That's all there

is to it. Use

the

E

or

El

key to

change

from PPM

7 to PPM 9 and back.

Press

El

three

times to

get

back

to the Status

Display.

It is only

necessary

to switch to

PPM 7

if

you

wish to

use a

receiver

which cannot

decode 9 channels

(e.9.

4/6 channel

receivers buill

in 1979).

lf

you

attempt to

use

this type

of receiver

with the

transmitter set

to PPM I,

the servos

attached

to outputs

1 + 2

will not work cor-

rectlv

13

("ready

made lists')

In the transmitter's standard

form, memories

No. 6 to

No.

15

contain

"ready

programmed"

model lists

(or pro-

grams).

These example

programs

embrace a

high

per-

centage of the

models which

are actually

flown by

prac-

tising

modellers.

You

can

use any of these example lists

iust

by switching

to the appropriate

memory as described on

page

43.

Before

you

fly

your

model,

you

may

well have to alter

the direction of servo

rotation,

and

that is described on

page

28.

More on this

in the

"Mixers"

section.

But

now to actually

adiusting

the travel.

From the Status

Display

you

reach

the

"Servo

adjust-

ment"

menu by

pressing

El

and

Z.

You

will

see

this:

rTF

Lr+F;Er,r,

L I i'1I

T1

rL:EtlTF:E

StrlITr::Hr

Select

"TRAVEL

+ REVERSE"

with the

Z

key.

The first step

is to

select

the servo

you

wish to ad-

iust.

Press

the

Z

key.

The servo

No.

("1"

in our

example)

starts

to flash.

LeaJ through the

servos

with the

El

and

Q

keys until the correct

number appears.

Select

servo

No.

3;

in the example

you

will see this:

r::EF:.

f,: E:l_l[rlrEF

r+

l Ut:tl.:

H+ F:l-l[i[!El

After the servo

No.

you

will

see

the control

function

-

a

double-check

that

you

have

the right servo.

But now to the

bottom

line

-

this

has

something

for

us:

Size

of tnvel

control

Direction

lnput

In our example

you

will see

A- next to the

value for

travel.

Move stick

A to the left: the

right arrow

turns into

a

left

arrow.

This display also

takes account

of the cur-

rent

position

of the trim slider,

so it

may

be

that in

your

case

you

see

a left arrow

first,

which turns

into

a

right

arrow

when

you

move the stick to

the right.

You will understand

it now: this

is the transmitter

control

which acts upon

the servo

you

have selected.

The

ar-

row shows the

direction

in which the control

is moved.

Now

press

the

!

key. The

"left-hand

bottom corner"

starts

flashing.

Hold the stick

at

its left-hand end-point;

as described

above,

you

will see

a left arrow.

lf

you

now

press

the

E

or

E

key, the

travel

value will change. Set

it to

"800/0".

Move the

stick to the

right-hand end-point

(right

anow)

and set

the travel

to

"900/0"

in the same

way.

That's it

for

now.

29

Are

you

beginning

to

feel

at

home with the system?

The servo

travel

which

corresponds

to

moving the

stick

to

the left

is

selected

and then adiusted

by

"stick

|eft".

The servo

travel

which

corresponds

to

moving the

stick

to the right

is

selected

and then

adiusted by

"stick

right".

lf

you

now

move the stick to

right

and

then

left

you

will

see

that

the travel value alternates

between 80

and

900/o.

The

prefix

in front of the

travel value shown

is normally

irrelevant when adjusting

servo travel

(there

is an ex-

ception: see

below); it shows

whether the servo's

whole

travel

is reversed; see also

page

28:

"Servo

reversing".

Leave the Servo

adjustment menu by

pressing

the

E)

key.

Now

a few more

points:

It

makes no ditference

how far

you

move the sticks

when making these

adjustments;

the only

important

ooint

is

the direction

in which the arrow taces.

lf it is not

iikely

to confuse

you, you

can

move

the

corresponding

trim slider

instead, and

leave the stick at centre.

The same applies

to all servos/control

functions. For

functions

which correspond to

forward/back stick

move-

ments, the right and

left arrows are

replaced by up

and

down arrows.

All

percentage

values refer to the

normal nominal

travel

of the servo concerned;

this

is usually

45

degrees

(aF

though

there are exceptions).

There

is no reason

why

you

should

not set extreme

travel

adjustments.

For instance,

in

the

example above

you

could

set the

left travel of the stick

to zero;

in that

case the servo

would

not move at all

when

you

move

the stick

in that direction.

You can even

set the travel

to

less than

zero,

i.e.

a

negative

value,

by

simply

pressing

the

n key.

The servo will

now move to the

right when

you

move

the stick to the

left, as well as

when

you

move

it to

the right

(as

you

have not changed

that side

of neu-

tral). Quite

why

you

might want to

do that

is

beyond

us

iust at

the moment!

Caution

-

a trap

for the unwary!

Please don't

set the

travel to zero on both

sides ol

neutral. The

result would

be

that the servo

does not

move at all.

lf

you

do

this for

some

reason, but then

forget that

you

have done

it,

you

will have an apparently

nonJunctioning

channel,

which will drive

you

uncomfortably

close

to the edge

of

insanity . . .

The other side

of this coin:

if

you get

"nothing

at

all" at

one receiver

output, check

first whether

you

have set

the servo

travel to zero by

mistake!

Servo

travel can also be

set to more than

usual: a sel-

ting of up to

1100/0 is

possible.

we

do

not recommend

using this

lacility excessively,

as, with certain

types of

servo

(linear

output servos

in

particular)

you

run the

risk

of

jamming

the

mechanics

mechanically.

You might

also like to bear

in mind that

an output travel

of more

than 45 degrees usually

provides

very little extra

move-

ment, due to the

geometry

of standard

mechanical

link-

ages.

How to

limit servo

travel

With

mixed functions it can

occur that the

sum of mixer

inputs exceeds

the

maximum travel

of the control sur'

face

(mechanical

limits), e.g.

mixed ailerons/flaps

with

flaps at the

launch

position.

Here the

variable servo

travel

limit

"LlMlT"

can

help.

lf

you

are still at

the

"Adjust

SERVO"

menu,

press

the

"LlMlT"

key and

you

will

see

the

following:

r::EFi.

1

:

LIIiIT:

H I LEFIÜI'I

+

1ül:tilr

Now

you

can set

the maximum

possible

travel

for each

servo

separately,

for each direction.

Return

to the Status display

with

@ @ El.

Full travel

is resumed

when

you

erase

a model

memory.

Caution:

when data

is transferred

between

two trans-

mitters

the LIMIT

values are

not transferred.

How

to

make travel

inputs switchable

In the

"swlTcH"

menu, which

you

reach

with the key

sequence @ZZ

(starting

trom the

basic display),

all

travel

inouts for the servos

can be switched

ON/OFF

or

rendered

switchable.

By

"switchable"

we

mean that a

physical

switch

is assigned to

that travel

input.

Let's

look at an

example: switch

to memory

07 SALTO,

then

move

to the

"SWITCH"

menu

(E)ZZ).

The dis-

play

will

look something

like this:

rSEFI.

1

:

FLHFEFIIH

rtl

l LEE::

Ul'l

r

lf this

is not

the case,

press

Z

and

select servo

1 with

the

EIE

keys.

Now

press

51,

and

AlLeron

will llash.

switch

between

the two

inputs

Alleron

servo

1

by

pressing

the

El

key.

30

You

and

can

now

FLAP

tor

At bottom

right

you

will

see

that the

aileron

input is al-

wavs switched

on,

while the

FLAP input can

be

switched

in

and

out using

the 53 switch.

In

practice

the system

works as

follows:

1.

Move to the

"SWITCH"

menu.

2.

Z:

Select servo.

3.

fl:

Select

input

El:

Switch ON/OFF

with

the

El

key.

Repeat until

you

have covered all

the inputs.

4. Return

to

ooint

2. and

continue until

all servos

have been

covered.

Another

trap tor the unwary:

lf

servos

which are

controlled

by mixed

functions ap-

pear

not to

respond to

the transmitter

controls

in the

way

you

intended,

then

you

may find that

the inputs

have been switched

OFF completely

in the

"SWITCH"

menu.

The second

possibility

is that the

inputs have

been assigned

to a

physical

switch

which

is in the

wrong

position.

Adlusting

tfie lransmittter

contrcls

In the

we

discussed

setting

up the

"servo

end"

of the system;

now it is time

to concern

ourselves

with adjusting

the

"signal

source",

namely

the transmitter

controls.

An important difterence

The systematic

ditferentiation

between

"transmitter

end" and

"servo

end"

is

an

important characteristic

of

the

philosophy

behind

the PROFI

mc 3010.

For this rea-

son

we

would like to explain

this difference

once

more

in brief

,

before we

get

down

to business.

Once

again, examples

are the

best method

of explana-

üon.

ll vou want to

reduce the effectiveness

of the elevator,

it

mäy seem

to make

no

difference

whether

you

reduce

the travel

of the elevator

stick or electronically

reduce

the servo's

travel.

But

this is only true

if the application

is of the simplest

possible

type,

i.e. no signals are

"derived",

"mixed"

or

otherwise

influenced.

lf we

assume

in our example

that

there

are two elevator

servos

(e.9.

one for each elevator

panel),

then,

it we insist on

working at the

"servo

end",

the travel

of both servos

would have

to

be

reduced

separately.

Things

get

a little more difficult

il we suppose

that el-

evator

movement

is

also

intended to

involve the cam-

ber-changrng

flaps. ln this case

we would

need to re-

duce

the

"mixed

elevator

input"

to the flaps also;

other-

wise the

ratio of the

mixed functions

would alter.

How-

ever,

if we reduce the

movement at

the transmitter end,

things

are much easier:

all

we have to do

is reduce the

elevator

stick signal;

everything

that ls affected

by or de-

rived

from that signal

is automatically

reduced at

the

same

time.

A

second

example

would be

differential aileron

move-

ments

where

two separate aileron

servos are

used.

As

differential

is nothing more than

unequal servo

travel on

different

sides

ot neutral,

it would be

possible

to adjust

the

servos

themselves

individually.

But it is easier

if we

produce

the two aileron

control signals

at the stick

by a

"differential

circuit",

as

we

can

then set

the degree

of

differential

with one single

adjustment.

Correct

assignment

is important!

lf the differential

I

&

m

&

ffi

movement of

your

ailerons

works the

wrong way round,

please

see

page

33.

A turther example

is reversing

the direction

of rotation:

When

we reverse the

direction

of movement at

the

transmitter

control,

then this

reverses the

rotational di-

rection of all

the servos

(or,

more

precisely,

all the inputs

f rom this control)

which are

operated by

this transmitter

control.

This is not the same

as

reversing the servo

it-

self.

You can

probably

see

the

principle

already:

We have a

"flow

of signals", starting

at the

transmitter

controls

(the

signal

"source").

The

various influences

on the

signal then

follow

-

mixing arrangements,

signal

splitting

etc.

The servos and the

control surfaces

which

they operate

are the

final link in the chain.

lf we alter something at

the source

-

the transmitter

controls

-

then

that change affects

everything

which

is

influenced

by that control.

Each

transmitter control

is assigned

to a

particular

con-

trol

function

(elevator,

aileron,

.

. .). li

a

change

is made

to the transmitter

control,

that change

affects the entire

control

function

-

and

this is exactly

what

is

usually

re-

ourred.

One

more example:

it

you

want exponential

aileron con-

trol on a model

fitted with

"quadro-flaps"

(four

sepalate

wing control

surfaces),

then the entire

"aileron"

func-

tion needs

to be altered,

i.e. all four servos

at once.

lf, on the other

hand,

we try to set that

up by adjusting

one of the

servos, the change

will

only

affect that

one

servo.

To recap:

Adiustments at the

transmitter control

affect

the en'

tire control

function.

Adiustments

at the servo end

affect that

servo only.

Disfribution,

-

mixinq

The transmitter

control options

Now

it's time to discuss

the transmltter

control

adjust-

ment

facilities.

The complex-sounding

term

"transmitter

control

options"

is simply an overall

description

of the

adjustment

lacilities

which are

provided

for the

transmit-

ter controls.

You are

probably

familiar with

them already

from other

radio sets.

For example:

Dual Rates,

Expo-

nential

and so on.

These options

are supplied

"ready

made"

in

your

trans-

mitter, and

are oflered

via the

"Transmitter

Control

Ad-

justment"

menu. No

"assigning"

is necessary.

ln order

to activate

an

option,

you

simply

need to

"leat

through"

to

the appropriate

point

in the menu, then

set the

value

you

want. lf

you

do not need a

particular

option,

just

set

its value to 00/o

(or

1000/0, depending on

the type of

function).

Not all ootions are

available

tor

all

transmitter controls;

that would

not make sense

(who

would

want

a

retractable

undercarriage

with exponential

travel?).

The availability

of

the options

is

based

on

practical

requirements:

Dual Rates and

ExDonential:

Ailerons, elevator and

rudder.

Travel, adjustable separately

on both

sides of

neutral:

All functions exceDt

ailerons and

throttle.

31

Travel, symmetrical

adjustment:

Ailerons only.

Centre

adjustment:

All

tunctions except throttle,

flap and spoiler.

ldle trim:

Throttle and

spoiler only.

Differential:

Ailerons only,

provided

that at

least 2 servos are

assigned

to

this function.

Fixed value:

Not

for ailerons, elevatot

Iudder or

throttle; all

other

functions.

You can also use

two or

more of these options

together;

for example,

exponential and

Dual Rates on

aileron

(il

you

think

this will be to

your

advantage),

plus

differential

and

centre adjustment

also.

All

you

need

to do to apply

these

options

is increase the

value in the display.

In the case

of helicopters

there are

turther

possibilities;

we

will discuss

these in detail on

page

53.

But now,

finally, to business.

How to set

transmitter

control options

As we are

now talking about

adjusting the characteris-

tics of transmitter

controls,

move to the

"Transmitter

Control

Adiustment"

menu.

From the Status

display

you

reach the menu

with the

key sequence

EINN.

lf we

return to the

first

example

-

01 BIG

LIFT

-

you

will see

this display:

rt:t:

HILEF:

fl:rip't_tr

EFFEL:T:

E1::J

Press the

Z

key. The transmitter

control

letter

(in

our

example

"A')

starts to

f lash.

Now

you

can

"leaf

through"

the options

with the

El

and

E)

keys.

The various transmitter

controls

will appear one

after

the other; at the

same time

the display shows

which function

they operate.

Select,

for example,

"

Elevator"

(leave

it

flashing) and

press

the

N

key.

The option

"Expo"

flashes

in line 3.

You can now

leaf through again,

using

the

E

and

El

keys, and the transmitter

will offer

you

all

the available

ootions in turn.

The

"DualRate"

option

Press

Z

then

E

E E

to switch

to Control

D

(ELEvator),

then

to D-RATE

(Dual

Rates)

with

N

followed

by

OEl.

The display

will look like this:

r[:'

:

ELEtJt:t

[r-Fjt-tTEr

r5I+'

TFll.J:

F-,lli:r

Press the

tr

key.

The value at

bottom

right flashes.

You

can

alter

it using

the

El

and

El

keys.

1000/0 is

full

travel,

i.e.

no throw

reduction

when the switch

is operated;

at

50o/o

it

will

be

reduced

to half

when the switch

is oper'

ated.

You have set

up

"

Dual

Rates"

for the elevator.

But

wait a moment

-

there's

something

else!

In the bottom

left corner are

more symbols.

Press the

Sl

key: and

this

area of the

display

will begin

to flash.

Press

the

E

key until

"ON"

or

"OFF"

is shown

there.

This

much

will

probably

be clear:

this shows

whether

the

ootion

is switched

on or off.

You can switch

between

ON

and OFF

by

pressing

the

E

key.

Switch

to ON,

then

press

the

@

key. You

will see this:

r51+.+

TF:t"t.

Et:tl'lr

This

part

is

also

easy

to understand:

Dual

Rates

is one

option

which

requires

a switch,

namely

to switch

be-

tween

full and

reduced

travel; and

you

have

just

se-

lected

the switch

51

for this

purpose.

ll

you

don't

like

this

arrangement,

press

El

again and

32

will be se-

lected.

You

can continue

up

to 55

-

even

the

Teacher/Pupil

switch can

be used

(it you

insist).

You are

free to choose

which switch

it

"ought

to be".

.tz

However,

it

is important that

you

establish

your

own

"

personal

layout",

otherwise sooner

or

later

you

will

lind

yourself

totally contused.

Our suggested

layout:

Dual Rates,

aileron: 51

Dual

Rates, elevator: 52

Dual

Rates,

rudder: S3

The asterisk

(star)

And

now an explanation

of

what the symbols

after

the

switch

mean:

this rs a

real

connoisseur's

refinement:

Let us suppose

that

you

have selected

S2, and

that

"52"

is

still

flashing.

Press the

tr

key.

The small arrow

atter

"52"

is reversed.

You have

now reversed

the

swttch.

And the

point

ot that?

Well, many

pilots

want

Dual

Rates

"active"

when the

switch toggle

faces away

from them;

others

the opposite

way around.

You can se-

lect

it

vourself.

50

o/o

Fig.3

Caution

-

don't turn

the switches

themselves

round!

They

must be installed

as dictated

by the

Transmitter

Control

Test on

page

66;

otherwise

the whole arrange-

ment will be uoset.

The asterisk

(star)

which appears after

the arrow

in one

of the

two

oositions

shows that

the switch

is

"ON"

in

this Dosition.

This entire

"switch

corner" only

appears

on the screen

when

you

are dealing

with

an

option

which requires a

mechanical switch;

for

fixed-wing models

these are

"Dual

Flates" and

"Fixed

Value".

Dual Rates reduces

servo travel equally

in both direc-

tions,

and

is

controlled

by a

mechanical switch.

The

"Expo"

option

(exponential

travel)

An exponential

curve

is one

which increases dispropor

tionately the

further it

moves away from

zero. lts effect

on a control

function

is that the servo

makes small

movements

around centre,

but the turther

the stick

is

moved, the

more servo travel

increases.

At the stick's

end-point,

the servo

reaches its own normal end-point.

In

practice

the

result is that the

pilot

has very

fine

con-

trol of

the model

in normal flight, but still

has available

the

large control

surface

movements which are

occa-

sionally

required.

Selecting

and setting up

this option are carried

out ex-

actly as described

for Dual Rates above, so

we do

not

need to

repeat the

information in detail.

Exoonential

is not switchable; so

there is no

mechani-

cal switch

to

select.

00/o exoonential

means

normal, lin-

ear control

characteristics.

1000/0

is

the

maximum

possi-

ble

exDonential deviation

from normal.

Fig.21

The

"asymmetrical

travel adjustment"

option

This facility

allows

you

to adiust

maximum servo

travel

separately

for each of the

two directions of

the stick.

Fig.22

A typical

application

would be

in

a

model whose control

resDonse

is not equal in both directions,

perhaps

for

aerodynamic

reasons.

It is available

for

all control

functions

with the exception

of

"throttle"

and

"ailerons".

The first step

is to select

Control C

with the sequence

Z

and

ElE,

then

ASYM.

TRAVEL

with the key sequence

S,

followed by

El E.

This option

is located

in

the

"Transmitter

Control

Op-

tions"

menu, and

is found

by

"leafing

through":

r[!

FiU[i[iE

TFjHtJELI

fi

,-:r,rl'll,lETFi

: +

1

rllr:.:r

The adjustment

process

itself :

Press

the

Z

key; the set

value on the

right starts to

flash. Move stick

C to its

right-hand end-point;

the

small arrow

betore the displayed

value will tace

right. lf

you

adjust the

travel with the

El

and

El

keys,

this setting

applies to

travel to the

right of centre.

Move

the

stick to the

left

end-point;

the small

arrow

will

point

to the

left. You can now set

travel to the

left

(again

using

the

El

and

E

keys). looo/o

=

maximum

possible

travel; 00/o

=

zero travel.

That was simple enough.

One

further

point

to note:

In the adjustment

process

just

described

it makes

no

difference

whether

the stick is at

full right or

full left

movement-

The crucial

point

is that the small arrow

points

in the correct direction.

All

you

need to do

is move the stick slightly

to the de-

sired

side; even

moving the üim slider

is enough. Just

watch the small arrow;

it indicates whether

you

are ad-

justing

the

right-hand or left-hand travel.

In the case

of

'torclall'

movements or switches small

up and down

arrows appear.

The

"symmetrical

travel adjustment"

option

This option is only available

for

ailerons.

A travel adjust-

ment facility

for

both sides separately

would make no

sense

here; with two differential aileron servos the ef-

fect would be the same as

if

difterential

had

been

ap-

olied.

lf

you

have already tried out some ot the options de-

scribed above,

you

will have no trouble setting up this

f

unction;

it is carried out in exactly the same

way.

Here again:

1000/o

=

maximum

travel; 00/o

=

no travel

Fig. 23

The

"Centre

Trim"

option

This is available

for most

control

functions. lt is used to

shift the centre

position

of the transmitter control

"elec-

tronically";

it

has roughly

the same effect as

moving the

trim sliders.

The maximum

travels which

you

have set are not influ-

enced

by the centre adjustment

(i.e.

it works in the

same

way

as

the

"centre

trim" system used by the trim

sliders).

Fig.24

The adjustment

range is up to

1000/0, i.e. as far as the

end-point

of the corresponding

transmitter control.

The adiustment

procedure

is

simple:

Move to

the

"Transmitter

Options"

menu. Let's look at

transmitter control

D

=

Elevator as an

example.

First

press

the

Z

key and then

leaf through until

"Ctrl

D:ELEV"

appears.

Press the

S

key and

leaf

through

with the

El

key until

"Centre"

appears

in line

3

(flash-

ing). You

will then see this:

r[r

:

ELEl.Jtl

t_:E[.lTFlEr

TEIf'l:

+11:r

Press the

Z

key;

the

value

displayed

at bottom right will

flash. You can carry out the centre adjustment

you

want, using the

E

and

E

keys.

Once

you

have com-

pleted

the

adjustment,

return to the Status display with

the

E

key.

Here

are two

more

examples ot

typical applications

tor

this option.

Example 1:

You have seen that it is

possible

to offset

the

centre

by

up to

1000/0, i.e. to

one end-point.

It

you

select such an

extreme setting

-

in this example for one stick axis the

associated servo

does not move at all when the stick

is

moved to one side.

When it is moved to the other side

the servo carries

out its tull movement.

This facility could be used for a

glider

with

airbrakes:

the brakes are extended

when the throttle stick

is

moved back

from the centre

position.

Over the entire

'lorward'

hal{ of the stick travel

the

servo

does not re-

spond

at all, and stays at

full movement. You now have

full servo travel controlled by

half the stick movement.

Example 2:

perhaps

the most common application!

With

a

well-built and carefully trimmed

model the

posi-

tion of the trim sliders

is not

usually changed

in flight, or

only very slightly.

lf

you

adopt the

position

of the

trim

sliders as

your

centre adjustment,

you

will not need to

alter

the trims

when

you

change

models; the basic set-

ting of the trim sliders

is

then always

the centre

posi-

tion.

Caution: do

not

use the

transmitter control centre trim

facility to

"centre

up

servos". There

is

a separate

facility

provided

for this

(see page

29).

34

The

"ldle

Trim" option

This option

is only available

for the

"THROTTLE"

con-

trol

function

(or

THROTTLE-2).

lts effect is that

the throt-

tle stick

trim slider

is only effective

when the stick is at

its

"idle"

position.

lts effect

is

steadily

reduced towards

the centre

position

of the stick.

In the whole of the

full-

throttle

"half"

of

the

stick

arc

(especially

at

the

"full

throttle"

end-point)

the trim slider has

no

effect.

The

practical

advantage

oJ this option

is that

you

can

adjust the

idle setting of the

carburettor

without

aftec!

ing its

lull-throttle

position.

Selecting

and adjusting

this option

is

the same

as for

the other options already

described.

Adiustment

range:

0

0/o

in the display:

the

"throttle"

trim slider

has no

effect.

100 % in the display:

the

"throttle"

trim slider

adjusts

the idle

position

within the

whole of

one halt of the stick

arc.

In

practice (special

cases excepted) a

value of 20 to

300/0

is a sensible sefting.

One

further note:

Normally the

idle

position

of the throttle stick

is

"stick

back". lf

you

want

it

the

other way round

(e.9.

for

a

heli-

copter),

press

the

y

key once at the adjustment

stage.

This reverses the entire stick

function; idle is then

"for-

ward". This is

indicated in the display by a

minus

sign

(-)

in lront of the set value, instead of a

plus

sign

(+).

lf

the

servo

then rotates

in

the

wrong direction,

reverse it

Fis.25

as described on

page

28.

Stick

ldle trim

The

"Differential"

option

This option

is only available if a transmitter control

has

been assigned

to the control

function

"AILERON"

at

the

"Assigning"

stage, and

if

at

least two servos have

been

assigned

to

"aileron".

In all other cases

differential

makes

no

sense,

or can be

replaced

by

the option

"Asymmetrical

travel adjustment".

Fig. 26

To explain

how this works,

we will

take another

example.

The

transmitter controls and

servos have been as-

signed

as follows:

Transmitter control

A

=

AILERON; servo

1=

ATLERON; servo 5

=

AILERON

Starting

from the Status Display,

move to the

"Transmi!

ter Control

Adjustment"

menu. Press the

N

key

and

leaf through

with

El

until

you

see

"DlFFER."

in the dis-

play,

f lashing:

rH:

I I

LEF: ['I FFEF'I

HItit'l1'lETF:

! +Ir:rlir

It is vital that the servos

are assigned correctly, oth-

erwise the differential

movements

will not be correct

(see page

26).

Press the

Z

key; the value at bottom

right will flash.

You can

now

set

the degree of difterential

you

require

using the

E)

and

E

keys.

The f igures mean:

0

0/o -

no ditferential; same

movement up and down

lor both servos.

5O

o/o -

the

"down"

movement

is

only

half as large

as the

"

uD"

movement.

1oo

o/o -

maximum ditferential: each aileron

moves uo,

but does not move down at

all.

You don't need to

worry about anything else

when set-

ting up ditferential.

The differentiated

control signals are

sent

to the two servos automatically.

When setting the degree ot

difterential

you

can

"re-

verse" the differential

with the

El

key.

You will

find that it is

possible

to set up differential

ailerons correctly,

regardless of

your

installation, by us-

ing this option

in conjunction

with reversing one or both

servos

(see page

28). We

cannot

give general guide-

lines, however, as

there are so

many

possible

variations

in model design

and radio installation.

One

more tip

(which

also applies

to other adjustments):

It is

sometimes

easier and

quicker

to find exactly the

right settings by carrying

out

"

in flight" adjustments.

This is very

easy

using the Digi-Adjustor,

which is avail-

able

as an accessory:

Before

starting

a flight,

move to the appropriate menu

as

already described, and select

"Adjust

Value"

as de-

scribed above; but

this time don't leave the

menu!

t*=

\\

50

0,6

1(

\'.\-

^

\so&

\'.{;

'(

Difter.ntial

35

The

Digi-Adjustor

is connected

"in

parallel"

with the

El

and

El

keys, and

has exactly

the same effect,

namely ol

adjusting

the degree

of differential.

All

you

need to do

in

this

case

is to rotate the

Digi-Adjustor

while the model

is

flying

(don't

look down at

it!) until

you

are

satisfied.

Land

the model,

then leave

the menu by

pressing

the

E]

key

(everything

gets

stored

automatically

-

there's

nothing

more to be done).

Caution!

Although

it is theoretically

possible, you

should

never aitempt

to

make changes

via the

keypad while

the

model is

flying. You

would have to take

your

eyes

off

the model

to find the

right key; and

if

you

made a

mistake, the

results could

be catastrophic!

The

"Fixed

Value" option

-

what's

that?

"Dual

Rates",

"Exponential"

and so on are

terms Jamil-

iar to

the advanced

modeller.

He may not be on such

close

terms with

"Fixed

Value",

however.

The simplest

method of explaining

it is to describe

an

examore:

lmagine a

model

with

camber-changing

flaps which

are

operated

by the

right-hand slider

=

transmitter

control

F.

Travel

has been reduced

(using

the

"Travel"

option)

so

that

full flap movement

is in the

range

-5

to

+75 de-

grees

at the two

slider end-points

(this

is not necessary

to use

"Fixed

Value", but

it

does

show up

the useful-

ness

of the option).

NoW

on this

model there is a specitic

Jlap

position (+15

degrees)

which is only

needed for a

particular

f

light situ-

ation

(say,

launching).

Wouldn't

it be nice

if we could

move

the

flaps to this fixed

position

with a switch, then

return to

normal operation

again afterwards?

In order

to achieve

this it

would be necessary

for lhe

switch

to override

the

"normal"

flap control

signal, so

that the

flaps take

up a

pre-set,

fixed value.

This

is what

"Fixed

Value"

is

all

about.

"Fixed

Value"

moves the control

function

to a

pre-

set

fixed

value when the

associated switch

is

oper'

ated.

and overrides

the transmitter

control

itself.

There

are therefore

tlvo things

to set up:

First, of course,

the Fixed

Value itself

(in

o/o

of

full

travel).

Second,

the switch

which

is to

"activate"

the

Fixed

Value

has to be

selected.

Adiustment

is carried

out in a similar

way

to that de-

scribed

above

for

"Dual

Rates''.

Here

is another example:

rF:t:tl_liri.

1 FII:-1r

rrJFF

Stlli:,r

Selecting

the

Fixed Value

switch:

36

We will assume

that

you

have assigned

the controls

as

In order

to exploit

this option,

you

will need to use

the

follows:

special

3-position

switch

"S1".

lf

you

use the switch

I for

Transmitter

control

F

=

AUX.I;

gsrvo

g

=

AUX.1. this

purpose,

you

must not assign

it as

a transmitter

This

means that

the

right-hand slider

controls

the servo

control

Jor normal

usage;

i.e' Icontrols

=

""

connected

to receiver

output 6

(nothing)'

More

on this on

page

69'

Move

to the

"Transmitter

control

Adjustment"

menu.

lf-your brain

is slill

lunctioning

clearly'.

this is a

good

Select

Transmitter

Control

F, d;:i.^"'"""'

time

to

present

a

further reJinement

of this transmitter:

press

rhe

N

key; rhen

s

"g;,

un,ir

"Flx-1"

appears

äffi'H:1'iT"Ut["i,n:t".ofi':llj]tt"flöt

ilJSffil

You

will now

see this

display:

toni,-insteäO

äiä

noimat toggie

switch.'

Th'e optionat

ln our examole

this is to be

the switch 55.

Press the

Sl

key; the display

in the bottom

left-hand

corner

will flash.

It will

probably

show

"OFF".

Press

the

tr

key;

"OFF"

turns to

"ON".

Leaf through

with

the

E

key until

"55"

appears

(after

it

you

will see an arrow

and

possibly

an asterisk).

Operate

the switch 55;

at one

of the two

positions

the asterisk

must

appear.

This means that

the switch

is set to

"ON".

Adiusting

the Fixed

Value:

Press the

Z

key; the

value shown

in the bottom

right-

hand corner

starts

to flash.

You can

now adjust

the'Fixed

Value"

with the

El

and

El

keys. 00/o

means one servo

end-point;

1000/o the

other end-point.

For

example,

if

you

set the

value to

750lo

this means a

position

half-way between

centre and

one

end-ooint.

Now

you

can carry

out a

practical

test

to see how the

"Fixed

Value"

function works:

when switch

55 is

"Off",

the servo

can be controlled

in the normal

way with the

slider.

When set to

"On"

the servo

runs

to the

position

you

have

just

set.

lf

vou

now

want the switch

to

work the

"other

way

roünd",

press

the

S

key again;

"S5"

will flash.

Press

the

E

key, and

the arrow

after

"S5"

will be

reversed'

and

you

will find that

the direction

of switch

actuation

is

also

reversed.

lmportant

note

for F3B flyers:

When

"leafing

through" the

options

you

may

have no-

ticed

that there

is a

further option

"Fixed

Value-2".

You

can,

in

fact, set up

two

"Fixed

Values"

(Fixed Value and

Fixed

Value-2)

which

you

can

select at

will.

For example,

you

could

set up

two

pre-set

positions

for

camber-changing

flaps on a

glider:

"Tow"

and

"

SDeed".

"stick

press-button"

is one

example, or

the

momen'

tary

switch

which

is recommended

for operating

the

stopwatch.

In the

lollowing

we assume

that

you

have connected

a

momentary

switch

of this

type to

"S4".

Press the

N

key again. Go

past

"S5"

with the

E

key;

after the displays

"LS",

"H"

(control

H

is reserved for

the

Profi mc 3030) and

"1",

the symbol 51

appears

again,

but this

time followed by the symbol

instead

of

the arrow.

This indicates

that

a

momentary switch

is

now

"expected".

lf

you

wish to try out this option

you

will, of course,

have

to

install a momentary switch.

Press the momentary switch.

Servo No. 6

will run to the

pre-set

Fixed Value. Next time

you press

the button the

servo

responds to the slider again,

and so on.

In this

way

you

can use the

momentary switch to

re-

lease or activate a

function in the model which then

re-

mains

"on"

or

"off"

until

you press

the button again.

Caution!

lf

you

set up

this option

you

can

no longer see

at a

glance

the current state

of the

model, i.e. from the

position

of the switch

toggle.

For

this

reason we only

recommend using

this tacility

for

a

non-critical f unction,

or a function

which works in a delinite

and obvious se-

quence;

for example

"undercarriage

retracted/ex-

tended"

or

"smoke

generator

on/otf".

FIXED VAUE again

You can also assign a

servo directly to a

FIXED VALUE,

regardless of

what we have

just

said.

This then func-

tions as a

virtual control. Using any assigned

function

switch

you

can

run the associated servo

to and fro be-

tween

the two

positions you

have chosen.

Typical application:

Aero-tow

release or the tixed input

(offset)

of

a user-defined

mixer. But more on this

later.

The

"Normpos"

option

This option

is only oJ significance

in

conjunction

with

mixers.

When

you

extend

spoilers or

flaps it is

often

desirable to

compensate

for the change in

pitch

trim

which occurs.

To achieve

this,

part

of the spoiler signal

is bled olf to

the elevator

servo.

The following

problem

then arises:

The

"idle

position" (brakes

retracted) of the transmitter

spoiler

control

(e.9.

stick or slider) is usually

one of the

two end-points.

lf we were

just

to mix the spoiler

signal

with the elevator,

"full

movement" of the transmitter

control

would shift the elevator

significantly from

its neu-

tral

position.

This is not what we want; the

elevator

should

not

be affected

at all at the

"sooilers

retracted"

oosition.

This can be achieved

by sending the

"spoiler

-

eleva-

tor"

mixer a

"corrected"

signal,

instead of the true

spoiler signal

(curve

A in the diaglam).

lf the

"spoilers

retracted" end-point

is

point

X in

the diagram,

then a

signal corresponding

to curve

B

should

be sent to the

mixer.

For the end-point Y the correct

curve is curve C.

As

you

can see

from the diagram, the

mixer at the

"spoilers

retracted"

position

now receives a

"

zeto"

mixed input, but

it receives the normal,

full

compensa-

tion value at

"spoilers

extended".

There is not much to adjust

in this option.

lt is

activated

by

the transmitter automatically

when SPOILER

or

FLAP is assigned.

You only need to tell the transmitter

the oosition

of the transmitter

control for

"spoilers

re-

tracted"

-

t'back"

or

"forward".

As an example

we will consider

"09

CORTINA". Select

this

model, then, as in the

press

@NN.

When leafing through the options

with

"SPOILER"

as

the transmitter

control the

following display appears:

rEt

:

:;Fü

I L f.luFjlitlLl

FIJ:;ITIÜH

I5:

T

1

Press the

Z

key; the arrow under

"Normpos"

starts to

flash.

You

can

reverse the facility

with the

El

key, if

nec-

essary

At

"Arrow

forward"

you

select

"idle

forward", and

vice

versa.

With the

E

key

you

switch

to Norm

Pos

"Centre",

and

if

your

transmitter control

is at centre

(a

-

sign

will be vis-

ible in the display)

you

can switch

over to one of

the

end-points with the

E

key. lf necessary

you

can

then

change the end-point

again by

pressing

El,

and select

whether

Norm Pos is to affect

forward movement

(r')

or

back

movement

(+).

The Norm-position

is the source

point

for mixed functions.

That's it; leave the menu

in the

usual

way with the

E)

key.

One

further

point

to note

in

this connection:

lf

you

wish to mix spoiler and elevator,

or flap and eleva-

tor,

you

must assign the corresponding

servo to

"ELE

+" instead ot'ELE'I

In this case the

inputs Flap

and

Sooiler

will

be available

in addition to elevator.

Spoilet.

,.4

Fig.27

37

How to use

lhe

"Com$-8vvitch"

The main use of the Combi-Switch

is to helD the less

experienced

pilot

handle the more

demanding

forms of

model

glider.

For aerodynamic reasons many

gliders

re-

ouire co-ordinated control ol

rudder

and ailerons

in or-

der to

fly

a smooth turn

-

just

like the full-size. However,

simultaneous control

of two functions can

present prob-

lems,

especially

for the less

practised pilot.

The Combi-Switch

is

used

to

couple

these two con-

trols electronically.

The coupling can be be turned

on

and otl via a switch, so that

it is

possible

to

switch between

"normal"

(separate

controls) and

coupled controls at any

time in flight.

You can choose

the way in which the coupling

works:

The

rudder follows

the ailerons;

in this case

you

operate both controls with the aileron stick;

or

The ailerons tollow the

rudder; in

this case

you

ooerate both controls with the

rudder

stick.

The

mode which

you

choose is a matter of

personal

preference.

In both cases

you

retain full

control

of the

"following"

(or

"slave")

f

unction

via its own stick.

A turther

point

which needs

explanation

here

is

the

"following

rate". lt can be set to any

point

between

0

and

20oo/o.

An explanation:

At

a

following rate of 500/0 the slave control

surface will

deflect

to half its

full

travel

when the master control

is

at

full throw. The only

way

of

getting greater

movement

from the

following control surface

is

to operate

its own

stick.

At a

following rate of 1000/0 both control

surfaces move

to the same

extent.

At a following ßte

ol 200o/o the slave control

surface de-

flects to

its full

extent

when the

master

control

surface

is

onlv at

haltthrow. It the master stick

is moved bevond

this ooint.

the master conlrol surlace

moves to

it; full

extent;

the slave control

surface stays at

tull throw

-

be-

cause there's

no more movement available.

It is very difficult

for us to make

recommendations

here,

as the

ideal following

rate varies from

model to model. lf

in

doubt,

you

could

start

with 1000/o

and

then carry

out

test

flights to find the best

setting for smooth,

tidy turns.

This is an

ideal case for using

the Digi-Adiustor,

as

you

can then

easily adjust

the tollowing

rate in

flight.

38

Now,

after this

necessary

preamble,

to the matter

in

hand:

You cannot set up the Combi-Switch until

you

have al-

ready assigned one transmitter control

to ailerons and

one to

rudder. You will

also

need to install a switch for

the

function

(e.g.

S5).

The

switch

well on the left of the

display

is

already

marked CS

=

Combi Switch.

We will take as our example

"06

FIESTA'.

You will find the soecial Combi-Switch

menu

under

"

Transmitter Control Adjustment".

From

the Status display

you

reach this menu with the

key sequence

Eltr.

Then

press

S

to

go

on. You will

see this display:

r

l

tilt_iij r_::,['J:

:,i+.

r

FlUtitiEFj

+f;

I LEFjr:rt.,l

"55+"

indicates

that switch 55

is selected as the Com-

bi-Switch. Press the

N

key,

and

"55+"

flashes. Using

the

El

and

E

keys

you

can

now

select

a different

switch. lf

you

continue

pressing

the

El

key the final op-

tion that appears

is

"ON".

Press

El,

and

"ON"

be-

comes

"OFF".

Now the Combi-Switch

is out of

circuit:

r

1t:1r:i:i [:11.il

!

[tFF

r

E:Llt:'[1EF:

+H

I LEF:r:rt]

As we don't

want that at the moment,

press

El

again

("ON"),

then the

E

key, until

"55+ "

appears again.

The + arrow after

"35"

indicates that the switch

is

on

-

i.e. the controls

are coupled

-

if

you

move the switch in

the direction

of the arrow.

lf

you

wish to

reverse

this,

press

the

y

key now; this reverses the direction

of op-

eration of the switch.

In the display

you

will see that the

'l

arrow turns

into a

r

arrow.

Incidentally:

when the switch

is in

the ON

position,

an

asterisk

appears after the arrow

in confirmation

(++).

Now

you

can select

whether aileron

is

to be

master and

rudder the slave,

or vice

versa.

Press the

Z

key; the

following rate value starts

to flash.

lf

you

press

the

E

key,

the bottom

line of the display

aF

ternates

between

"RUDDER

governs

AILERON" and

"AILERON

governs

RUDDER".

Leave it as

you

want

it

to

work. In our examole

we will leave it at

"AILERON

governs

RUDDER",

i.e. the aileron control

is

the

master.

Now

you

have to set the value

for

the

following rate: as

the appropriate

input

field is already flashing,

i.e.

"re-

leased", simply set the

value

you

want

with the

E

or

El

keys, or the Digi-Adjustor;

in our example

1000/0.

In the display

you

should

see the

following:

r

l

t1tit:.:

t_:5lr.l:

:,i.+.

1

F:l_t;:'X,gp'

+tl

I LEFIüH

That's all there

is to it:

you

can

leave the menu with the

@

key.

2OOo/o

\l\l

nq

\\

master slave

100 Vo

\/\/

fln

\\

master

slave

50

o/o

\t\l

flF

\\\

master slave

Fig.28

lf

you

want to adiust the

following rate in flight

(Digi-

Adjustor

required):

Before launching the

model, move to the

menu

as de-

scribed and

press

the

Z

key, to

release

the

value input

field.

Don't leave the

menu! While

you

are f lying

your

model

you

can

now vary the value of the following

rate

by

rotating the

Digi-Adjustor. Land the model and

press

the

@

key to store the value

you

have found to

be

cor-

rect.

Caution!

Never attempt to

make

changes

via the

keypad while

the model is

flying. You would have to take

your

eyes

off the

model to find the right

key;

and

if

you

made a

mistake, the results could be catastrophic!

For in-

flight adjustments use the

Digi-Adiustor, which

you

can operate

"blind".

Msmoäes and

#$b

When

you

were deciding

which radio

set

to

purchase,

the fact that the

PROFI mc 3010 transmitter can store,

or memorise,

up to 30 different

models was

undoubt-

edly

an important

factor.

First a little information on the

way in which the PROFI

mc 3010 records and stores

the model information.

Then we

will move on to the more

practical

matter

of

the

"

Memory"

Menu

and

its

sub-menus,

which are used

for:

copyrng memones

erasrng

memones

switching

memories

namrng memofles

checking and

matching trim settings

The model

list

-

a simple

principle

lmagine one

ot

your

models. And now

imagine all the

asoects

of that model

for which the transmitter

has to

be

ad.iusted

(the

technical

term is

"configured").

For example,

the settings

might

be:

Aileron on the

right-hand stick; elevator

left;

exoonential

on elevator:

differential

ailerons, adjusted

to a

particular

value;

sweet

bomb

release, actuated by a switch,

the normal

position

of the trim sliders;

direction

of servo

rotation;

elc....

lf

your

transmitter

had no

"

memory",

you

would

prob-

ably

write down all these

points

in

a

list and

-

when

you

change

models

-

re-adjust the transmitter according

to

this list. You

would write the name of the

model at the

too of the list.

The

PROFI mc 3010 transmitter does

exactly that.

lf

you

have already owned

a transmitter

with

a

memory,

it is best to

forget right now that

it

used

"programs"

and

"adjustment

values".

These

"programs"

were nothing

more exotic than

lists oi mixing arrangements,

control

characteristics

etc.,

made

up by

the radio manufacturer;

usually

they could only be

modified slightly,

if

at all.

You

might have liked a

flap

-

elevator mixer

instead ot the

V-tail mixer

-

but that

was only available

in

another

"program"

. . .

The PROFI

mc

3010

is

quite

honest about the

matter

ol

"

programs".

For each model

your

transmitter draws up a

"list".

lt in-

cludes everything

that applies to that

particular

model.

You do

not need to speciJically create this

list: when

you

set up the transmitter

to meet

your

requirements, the

transmitter

assembles the

list

automatically:

everything

that

you

select or adjust

is

"noted

down" by the trans-

mitter.

Thus

you

do not need to store the

list in

a

sepa-

rate

procedure;

if

you

switch

off, then on again, the

list

you

last used

is

"there

again"

immediately.

You

might object at this

point:

"that's

all very well, but

now

I

always

have to make up

this list before I can fly a

new

model, i-e. scratch around

for the

different

assign'

ments, mixers etc. That sounds complicated,

and other

manufactu rers offer ready-made

programs!"

We have two answers to this:

1.) You will soon see

that the

procedure

is

by

no means

complicated

or difficult.

For

your

slight effort, how-

ever,

your

reward is that

you

can

seek out and as-

semble

precisely

those options and

features that

you

want,

"a

la carte".

And

you

can

leave out what

you

don't need.

2. In any case,

iJ the rdea of so

much

"work"

is off-

putting,

or

you

do

not trust

your

ability at

first, the

transmitter

includes 10 ready-made

lists as stand-

ard,

which cater for the

vast majority of models.

Some

other manufacturers

would call this

provision

"

10

programs"

. . .

How many lists are available?

The transmitter

can store 30 such

lists, and recall any

one ol

them at any time,

when

you

want to change

mod-

els.

This is

probably

the most frequently used

"memory

operation", and

it could hardly be easier.

When

you

want to

"call

up"

a different

list, move to the

"Memory"

menu, select

"SHIFT",

then

"leaf

through"

to the model

you

want lo

fly

(model

names

in English

'

no codes!),

and that's

(almost)

all there

is to it. See

page

43 for

more details of this

procedure.

But there are other

"memory

operationst'.

For

example,

you

can create a

copy of a tried and

tested list, and

you

can then

give

the copy a

new name. You can

"clear

the

decks"

and erase

lists which

you

no longer

need;

and

much more.

eo

We don't

mind

i{

you

want

to use the

ordinary

terms.

We

have used

the

word

"list"

here, because

that

is

what

the transmitter

actually

assembles

for each

model,

and

because

a

list is easier

to imagine

than a

"pro-

gram".

Now, it

has become

usual to

talk of

"storing

models"

or

"copying

memories".

In fact it would be

pretty

difficult

to

store

even one

model

in a transmitter

-

it

just

ain't big

enough.

Copying

the

memory chips

in the transmitter

is

not exactly

a simple

job,

either.

Joking

aside: everybody

knows what

the terms

mean.

But

we think

it is worthwhile

cultivating

a clear

and cor-

rect style

of thinking

when dealing

with this

equipment.

Everything

that

the transmitter

"needs

to know"

about

a

particulär

model

is included

in a list, and

the list

is

contained

in a memory.

When a

memory

is copied,

it is

the

contents

of the

memory

which are duplicated

in

a

different

memory, and

so on.

Are

we splitting

hairs?

We have to admit

that

we occa-

sionally

use

the terms

"list",

"memory"

and

"model"

interchangeably.

In this

manual we sometimes

use

the

one

term,

sometimes

the other,

depending

on what

is

most appropriate.

However,

if the

"sloppy"

terms

occa-

sionally

sound

less than

precise,

then

you

at least

know

why, and

can always

keep the

idea of the

list in the back

of

your

mind.

One

important

point

to

remember:

The

model

which is shown

in the display,

and

which

you

are

actually

tlying,

is the

"current"

model.

lf

you

make any

changes

(e.9.

to the trims,

to servo

travel,

to mixing

ratios etc.),

then

the

modification

is

al-

ways recorded

in the

list

(the

"current"

list) automati-

cally,

immediately.

When

you

switch off,

the memory

is

therefore

always

"uP

to date".

When

you

switch

on again,

this

"latest

state"

is auto-

matically

restored,

i.e.

you

never

need to store

anything

expressly.

We have

found that

this

is the easiest and

most

natural method

of

working, and

the one

which

strains

the old

grey

cells the

least.

But take care

-

there could

be a catch!

Let us

imagine that

you

have test-flown

a new

model

and

trimmed

it out

with

great

care.

You would

not want

to risk

making any

lurther changes

to this

"ideal

list".

Nevertheless,

you

would

like to try something

out as

an

experiment

-

but

this

would change

your

hard-won

list.

Or

perhaps you

have built

a new, similar

model, and

want

to use the same

list,

with minor

modiJications.

What to do?

Well, the solution

to the

problem

is simple: copy

the

list

into a

different

memory,

then

"shift"

to the

new

memory and experiment

to

your

heart's content.

This also

applies

to the

"ready-made"

sample

lists.

While

you

are unfamiliar

with the transmitter,

you

should

always

work on

copies of

the original

lists,

and

not

on

the

"genuine

originals".

For this

reason

"copying

memories"

is one of

the

most

important things

to

learn at the start.

lt's sim-

pler

than

you

might think!

The

"Memory"

Menu

All the tasks

connected

with

memories are carried

out

from the

"Memory"

menu.

From the Status

display

you

reach

this

menu with the

key sequence

@ f)

.

You will

see this display:

r[:[rF

ti

HHt'lEr

t5H

I FT

I]HFi.

TFI I I'1r

From

here

you

select

the Jollowing

points

with the arrow

Keys:

Copying

Z:

The term

"copying"

covers the

actual copying

of

one

memory

to another,

but also

related tasks,

such

as

translerring

a

list from one transmitter

to

another.

Naming

N:

This allows

you

to

enter or

modify the

model's

name in

the

list.

shifring

!:

This

is where

you go

to switch

to a ditferent

model

whose

list

you

have already stored.

Trim

Z:

From

this sub-menu

you

can

check

whether the

posi-

tion of the

trim sliders

has been

moved

since

"

last

time".

More accurately:

since

the last time

you

used

this

memory

Atter

you

shift

memories this

menu

is called up auto-

matically,

as

it is very

likely that the

trims

have been

moved since

the last time

you

used

the

"new"

memory.

Naturally,

you

can

also call

up this

menu without

switch-

ing memories.

In

normal use,

when

you

switch

on the

transmitter

there

is no automatic

check

that the the

trim

sliders

are still

at the

position

where they

were when

you

last switched

off, so this

is a useful

feature.

For example,

if

you

think

that they

might

have been

moved, but

you

are not

quite

sure.

These

four sub-menus

are explained

in

greater

detail

below.

40

The

"Copy"

Menu

From the Status

Display

you

reach

the

"

Memory"

Menu

with

the

key

sequence

@S,

and

move from

there

to the

"Copy"

Menu with the

Z

key. You will then

see this:

rl'lü[iE

:

FULL

rFF:f'l. 15: El'l 1 1i

"Mode:"

is the route to several

possible

variations from

the simple copying

procedure.

We will discuss these

later. At the moment we will only discuss the

"normal"

copying

process,

which is used

most frequently.

How to copy a

model list

Here we assume that

you

are already at the

"Copy"

Menu, as described above, and that the display

is

as

shown above.

The

tirst line

(Mode:

ALL)

does

not interest us at this

oornI.

The second

line

shows the

"source";

namely

the

number

and

name

of

the model list which

you

want

to copy. The transmitter suggests,

in

the

lack

of better

knowledge,

the

"current"

model.

We will assume that

you

want to copy a model; e.g. the

model

"BlG

LIFT" in memory No. 10.

Press the

N

key; the memory number begins to flash.

You can now

"leaf

through" the memories using the

El

or

E

keys,

or

the Digi-Adjustor,

until

BIG LIFT appears.

This defines the

"source".

The

display

looks like this:

rIiUIlE

:

FULL

LFFjt'l. I

t:'r :

E I

rjl

I FT

Now

press

the

El

key,

and

the

source

memory stops

flashing. You have now copied this list into the currently

active

memory.

Caution: all copying

procedures

always

copy into the

currently active

memory

Press the

@

key

and

you

are

done. A copy of BIG LIFT

now resides

in the

current

memory. Leave the menu

in

the usual

way with the

@

key.

Here is the whole

procedure

again

in brief:

The

destination

(the

memory No. where the new

copy is to be located) is always the current

memory).

Select

the

source

(the

model which

you

want to

copy) in line 2. Press the

El

key; the transmitter

makes the

copy.

L€ave the menu with the

@)

key.

Note:

As

you

have seen in the example,

you

do not need to

"delete"

the

"destination"

memory

before

you

copy.

Two more

tips

Tip No.

1

On

occasion

you

may have second thoughts, and de-

cide not to copy anything, in spite of being at the

"Copy"

Menu

(1or

example,

you

may find that

there

is

no vacant memory). You cannot

just

leave the menu

without doing anything, since

pressing

the k key

to

leave the

menu would

execute the copying

procedure.

What to do?

There

are

two ways out of this

problem.

The first: select as

"source"

the current memory, and

then

press

the

@

key. You have then copied the

model

on top of

itself, which means that nothing has changed.

Or

the second:

just

switch off the transmitter.

Tip No. 2

Let

us assume

that

you

notice too late that

you

have

copied a

list into the wrong memory, and have thus

overwritten the list stored there. Now

you've

done

it! But

it's not a disaster. Please see

page

42 lor the final res-

cue solution

(Memory

"

Mx").

How to erase

a memory

lJ

you

are creating a

"new"

list, the

simplest

and least

confusing

route is usually to

pick

a memory which

is va-

cant,

or emply.

This is not absolutely essential, as

everything which

you

enter

when

assigning

and adjusting overwrites the old

contents

of the memory in any case. However, bear

in

mind

that some aspect of the

unseen

in the new

list,

and

it

could

give you

a nasty sur-

prise

at an

inopportune moment.

For this reason the transmitter offers the ootion of eras-

ing the contents

of

a

memory. This is done from the

"Copy"

memory.

Here is where the

line

"Mode: "

comes

into

play

-

the

line we skipped earlier on.

We

shall assume

that

you

are still at the

"Copy"

menu.

Press the

Z

key, and

"ALLi'

on the

right

starts to

flash.

Now

press

the

El

key,

and

"CONTROLS"

(transmitter

controls)

appears. Press the

El

key again, and

it

turns

into

"ERASE".

This is the mode

which we now need:

r[''lt_t[:rf

rFF:l'1.

'+'EFiHIE

Ef,tFTtj

Now

press

the

El

key, and the current

memory is

erased.

Press

@

again to

leave the menu.

Note:

The erasure

process

always

works on the

current

(ac-

tive)

memory.

41

The

"TRANSMITTER

CONTROU'

copying

mode

Earlier on

in

this Copying section

we used the

"ALL"

copy

mode. This simply copies the entire

"list",

i.e.

all

assignments and settings

of transmitter controls and

servos,

into the new memory.

As

you

have already seen

when

you

leafed

through

to

the

"

ERASE' mode,

there

is

also

the

(transmitter)

"CONTBOL"

mode. This is

easily explained:

lf

you

select the

"CONTROII'

copy mode, only the as-

signments and adjustments of the transmitter controls

are copied

into the current memory. The

"servo

side" is

not cooied.

The

reason for this mode:

Many

pilots

have a

"standard"

assignment and ar-

rangement of the transmitter controls, which they use

for

every

model. lf

you

acquire a new model, in which

only the servo arrangement is different,

you

can use

this copying

mode instead

of

the normal assigning and

adjustment

procedure

for

the

transmitter controls. For

the

more

complex

models

(e.9.

helicopters, or models

with many

control

surfaces), this can save time.

It is never

absolutely essential

to

use

this mode;

you

could

just

as easily spend a

little more time and assign

and adjust

your

transmitter controls step by step, as de-

scribed earlier in this manual.

It is not necessary

to describe

how

to copy

the

"CON-

TROLS". Apart trom the fact that

you

select

"CON-

TROLS" tirst. the

Drocedure

is exactlv the same as

when copying

"ALIJ'.

The

"EXPORT"

and

"IMPORT"

copy

mode

These two

"exotic"

modes of copying are used to trans-

fer

entire

"lists"

from one lransmitter to another. More

details

of this on

page

70.

Note:

You may

be surpnsed to see terms such as

lM-

PORT

and

EXPORT, which appear to have nothing to

do with modelling. The reason

is

simple:

your

transmit-

ter's

programmer

was forced

to

pick

words which

de-

scribe the

feature

as accurately as

possible,

which

at

the same time would fit within the maximum available

number oJ letters!

The

"Mx"

memory

-

the

point

of

no return

When

"leafing

through" the

memories

you

may well

have come across

the fact that there are not really 30

memories:

there are 31. Between memories No. 30 and

l there

is

another

memory designated

"Mx".

However,

you

cannot use this memory to store a

model

permanently,

like the other memories.

lt is

"adminis-

tered" by the transmitter

itself, in

the

following way:

1)

When

you

erase a memory the transmitter auto-

matically stores a copy ot the deleted

memory in

Mx.

2) When

you

copy a memory, the transmitter auto-

matically

stores

a

copy ot

the

of

the

"destination"

memory.

3)

The transmitter automatically stores

a

copy of

the

current

memory as

soon

as

you

start modifying

anything in it, e.g. assignments or adiustments.

lt

does this before the

modification in the current

memory takes effect,

and

only

at the first moditi-

cation.

And the

point

of

all this?

Well, the first case

is

quite

obvious.

lf

you

make a mis-

take and erase

the wrong memory,

you

have a

"second

chance":

copy it back from

"Mx"

into the erased

memory, and all

is well.

The

second

case

is

also clear:

if

you

copy

into the

wrong memory by

mistake,

and overwrite

its

you

can still save

the

situation, because

a

42

copy of the overwntten list is now in

"Mx".

Simply copy

it back

from

"Mx"

into

the correct

memory,

and

once

again

your

bacon

is saved.

In

the

third

case

the reasoning is not

quite

so obvious,

but the

reason is similar. When modifying a list there is

always

the danger that

you

will make a fatal error. Per-

haps the modification does not

produce

the desired ef-

fect. You know

by

now

(see page

40) that every

change

is executed immediately in the current memory. Unless

you

made

a back-up copy beforehand, and

are working

on the copy, the original

list would

be

lost for ever.

The

automatic creation of a

"back-up

copy"

reduces

this

risk. In

an emergency

you

can recreate the

"old

state"

again, by copying the contents of

"Mx"

back into

the current memory, as described above.

There is

another

use:

Suppose

that

you

want to

"swap

models", i.e. move two

lists into each others' location.

To

do this

you

need

an

intermediate storage

location. You

could,

in fact,

use

any free memory.

However, if

there

is no vacant

memory available,

you

can't do

that. And in any

case

it

is

easier

to use

"Mx"

as the intermediate store.

As an example, we will assume that

you

want

to

inter-

change

the

contents

of memories No. 14 and 16.

First copy No. 14 to No. 16. The transmitter automati-

cally copies the

No. 16 to

uMx".

Now

all

you

need to

do

is

copy

the contenls

back to

No. 14.

and vou are

finished.

The

"SHIFT"

Menu

How to switch models

To switch

the transmitter over to another model

-

it

must already be stored in a memory, of course

-

you

just

need to

"call

it

up".

You

don't

need to worry about

the

"current"

model

(the

model in use belore

you

change

memories); i.e.

you

do not have to

"save"

it first.

As changing

models is

a

Memory

operation,

move to

the

"MEMORY"

Menu from the

Status

Display, with the

key

sequence

@ 13

.

You will see something like this:

Ff'r-rE,t.t hlühltrl

'

':U

T trT r'Ut' Ttr' T t'1 ,

L_rttIt I

r_.t

1.

r I t1. IttI

You will see at once that

you

have to

press

the

!

key,

next to the word

"SHIFT".

You will see a

new

display:

SHIFTIHIl FILE

TI:I tEIl

:

EII UL I FT

Press the

!

key; the memory No. begins to

flash.

"Leaf

through"

the memories using the

E

or

E

keys,

or the

Digi-Adjustor.

As the

numbers

change,

naturally the

actual

name of

the

model changes too, so that

you quickly

find

your

way to

your

destination.

Once

you

have found the memory

you

want

-

in our

example

"02

FLAMINGO",

press

the

El

key, and

you

are

f inished

-

well,

almost!

There

is

iust

one

little

problem: you

need to set the

trim sliders

back to where they were last time

you

Jlew

the new model. The transmitter cannot do

it by itself; it

has

plenty

of brain

power,

but

no muscle

power.

To cater

foi

this,

the

"TRIM

POSITION" menu appears

automatically

when

you

shift memories.

Note:

in

the

fairly

unlikely eventuality

that

you

have not

shifted

the trims at all since

you

last Jlew this model,

you

will see equals signs

("

=

")

instead of arrows.

Exolanation

in

a

moment!

lf

you

do

not wish to

adjust

the trims, for whatever rea-

son,

press

the

@

key to leave the

menu. Press

El

twice

more, and

you

are back to the Status display

-

all done!

Normally, however,

you

will

want

to

reset

the trims to

the earlier

positions.

As an example, we will do this

for

transmitter control

A

in

the above display:

Under

"A"

you

see an arrow

pointing

to the right.

Push

the associated trim slider

(transmitter

control A

=

left

stick,

righuleft) slowly to the right. At a

particular

point

the arrow will turn into an

"

=

"

sign

-

that's all

there is to it.

ll

you push

the trim slider further to the right, the

"="

is

replaced by an arrow

pointing

left. Now

you

can see

what the

arrows

mean: they indicate the direction

in

which

you

must

move

the trim slider

in order to reach

the correct setting.

Adjust the trim sliders

for B,

C and

D in

the same

way.

You

are

now finished, so

press

@

three times to

return

to the Status display.

r 11 l-r r-. l-r

rHtr'l-.LJ

riri

1}' 1

'+'

5T I

til';

EEFIJFIE

The

"NAME"

menu

How

to

enter or

change a model name

The transmitter stores

the various models in its memory

under the

numbers 1 to 30. For

you

as user it

is much

easier

to be able to recognise each model by

its name.

Mind

you,

this assumes that

you give your

models sen-

sible

names;

"Model

No. 27" doesn't reveal much!

For this

reason

you

can differentiate

each

"model

list"

with a

name. This name is then stored with the appro-

priate

model

(=

memory) No.,

and displayed

with the

numoer.

There are certain

restrictions to model names:

1. Names

may

be

no more than 8 characters long.

"Characters"

in

this sense are

letters, numbers and

certain

"special

symbols",

as in the following list:

1O123456789:;=?

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSIUWXYZ

Please

note

that

there is an extra character between

"?"

and

"N'

-

a blank space,

which is also considered

a character.

For example,

"ASW

20" is 6 characters

long.

"ASW20"

is only 5 characters

long.

You don't need to

worry

about sticking

to the

permissi-

ble characters, as

the transmitter does not let

you

use

any others.

For instance, lower-case

letters

cannot

be

used and

are not made available to

vou.

Very important: the eighth character should

not nor-

mally

be a

number. There rs a

"special

function" which

requires

a

number as the eighth character, so do

not

use one

otherwise. More details of

memory

switching

on

page

68.

Here are a

few

oossible

names

ASW 20, ryPHOON, CORTINA, STUKA,

NONAME;

CORTINA3 or STUKA 01 are

also

possible,

but read

page

68 and

heed the warnings first!

Tip: ll

you

have a model list in a memory

which

you

no

longer need,

and

you

want to mark it as such,

it is

best

to erase

it altogether. The erasure

process

gives

it the

name EMPTY automatically.

You may think

you

will

remember

which memory is obsolete, but

you

won't.

lt

makes much more sense to erase memories

which

are

no longer in use, than to continue to store

"dead

lists".

After this

necessary

preamble

-

let's

get

down to

it:

From the Status display select

the

"Memory"

menu,

with the

key

sequence

@ !

. You will see a display simi-

lar

to this:

rrjrJFT

HHf'lEr

I:;H I FT

I-:HI.I.

TE I I'1r

Now select the sub-menu

'NAME"

with

[l.

This is what

vou will see:

43

F I LE:

I]üI

t'lFll'lE

I

FLHI'Il

l'ltiU^t

The display

automatically shows

the number and name

of the

"current"

model. In our examole this

is No. 06

and

"FLAMINGO".

lf

you

want to change the

name or

pick

another

number,

you

must first select the

memory No. To do this

press

the

N

key; the displayed

number starts to

flash. You

can now select

the number

you

want,

using

the

El

and

E

keys

(or

the Digi-Adjustor)

As

you

do

this, the name

displayed

will

also change,

as it always relates to

what

is In the

new memory.

We will imagine that

you

have selected Number 09

"CORTINA'.

The new name is to be

"BAMBINO".

F I LE:

rir'_-rl

HHHE:

t_:t:rFjT

I Ht:t ,r

Press the

Z

key- The

"C"

of CORTINA starts

tlashing.

Using

the

El

and

E)

keys,

or

the Digi-Adjustor,

you

can

now change the

"C".

In our example that

is

simple;

press

the

Q

key

once, and

"C"

turns into

"8".

Now.it's

the

turn of

"O".

Press

the

Z

key again, and the

"O"

flashes. Change

the

O

to A, again using the

El

and

E

keys.

Move to the next letter with the

Z

key,

and so

on.

The

"underline"

character,

which

you

will see alternat

ing

with the Jlashing letter,

is known as the cursor: the

cursor

marks the current

position.

Without the cursor

you

would not see anything

at a blank space.

Enter the

new name letter by

letter. lf

you

look caretully

when

you press

the

El

and

E

keys,

you

will see that the

various characters appear

in the display

in

the

sequence stated on the

previous page.

lf

you

want to

enter a space, select

the

"space"

symbol

(between

,,7"

and,,N').

When

entering

a name

you

can

only work from left to

right, one character at a

time. lf

you

make a

mistake,

don't

worry. You simply

press

the

Z

key until

you

reach

the eighth character, after

which the sequence begins

agarn.

For those of

you

with

absolutely

no experience

of

com-

puters,

we

will recap:

The old name

is not

"erased"

immediately;

instead

each

letter is overwritten

in turn by the new name.

Where there

is to be

"no

new

letter",

you

have to

overwrite

with a space.

Now we will assume

that

you

have tackled

this task

suc-

cessfully and

the new name is on display.

Press the

E]

key

to

leave the menu; then

press

it

twice

more, and

you

are

back to where

you

started:

the

Status

display.

The

"TRIM"

menu

How to

check the

position

of the

trim

sliders

The transmitter

"remembers"

the

Dosition

of the trim

sliders

by entering their

values in the

"current

list".

This

gives you

the chance

to check, if

you

switch

on and

think that

the trims might

have

been shifted

accidentally

since

the last time

you

flew.

This is the Drocedure:

From the Status

display

press

El

and

5l

to

go

to the

"Memory"

menu. Now select

"TRIM"

with the

Z

key.

You

will

see

a display similar to this:

lf

your

display

were exactly

like

this

one,

you

would cor-

rect the

trims as follows: slide

the trim slider A slowly to

the

right. At a

particular

point

the right-facing arrow

under

"A"

would

be

replaced by an equals

(=)

sign. lf

you

were

to

push

it further to the

right,

you

would see a

leftJacing

arrow.

The arrow after

the colon

(:)

indicates the direction

in which

you

have to move the trim slider

in

order

to

match the current

position

with the

stored

position.

In our example

you

would have to

move the A trim to

the

right, the B trim

forward, the C trim left and the

D

trim back, until an equals

sign appears at each

point.

You can

now leave the menu with the

@

key.

Note:

Every time

you

change models

(shift

memories) this

menu appears, as

you

will have been flying a different

model in the

meantime, and it is

very likely that

you

needed to adjust

the trims. And

you

will certainly want

to carry

on flying

with

the

trims set to the same

posi-

tions as the

last

time

you

f lew the model.

Caution:

Even if

you

are only entering

the data

tor

a

model

temporarily, be sure

to set the trims.

ll

you

don't,

the

trim slider

positions

tor that

model will be lost next

time

you

slritch

memories.

!

Fl Ei

r:.

[:'

.+,

rTtT.*.

!;T I L:Ii:

EEFr:rE:E

44

In this Section

you

will

get

to know the

mixers which the

transmitter has to otfer.

Before

you

dive in here,

please

make sure that

you

are

familiar with the simpler setting-up tasks, such

as

assigning

transmitter controls and servos, adjusting

servo travel and direction and so on.

Practise these

oro-

cedures several

times until

you

teel at home with them.

In our examples we will

restrict

ourselves to

fixed-wing

model aircratt:

helicopters

are covered

in a separate

Section

(page

53).

Nevertheless, all the basic informa-

tion

we

provide

here applies

in full measure

to the spe-

cialised

helicooter mixers.

The

mixers

provided

by the PROFI mc 3010 are oper-

ated

in

a

rather

different

way from normal. We think that

this new type of

"operating

philosophy"

is much sim-

oler than

the

conventional

method.

For

this

reason we will first discuss our

new method

of

considering

mixers. You will see that the concept

fits in

elegantly

with

the simple and

logical overall concept of

the transmitter,

with which

you

are by now familiar.

After

this

we

describe

the characteristics of the

"pre-de-

fined mixers"

(explanation

later); the description

is

briel,

since eveMhing always works

in

the same

way.

Now, modellers

are by

nature inventive souls, and the

probability

is high that

somebody

will find he needs a

mixing function which our

programmer,

in

spite of

his

vast experience,

has not thought of beforehand. For this

reason there are the

"

User-detined

mixers"

("

USR-

MlX") which

you

can

"define"

yourself.

This

gives you

the

chance

lo overcome the most exotic

Droblems.

These

user-defined

mixers are discussed in the Jinal

Section.

What

is

"mixing"?

Let's imagine a simple case:

Your model is fitted with camber-changing

flaps or land-

ing flaps. They are

lowered for

the

landing approach,

and thereby

increase the lift coefficient of the wing.

However, one result of this is usually an alteration

in the

pitch

trim of the

model

-

it

becomes

nose-heavy or tail-

heavy.

The

pilot

then has to apply

"up/'

or

"down"

in

order to

keeo the model on an even keel.

This manual

form of

"pitch

trim compensation" can be

automated by

passing

a

proportion

of the

"flap

signal"

to the elevator. Of

course, this

has

to be

in the

correct

direction, and

ot a suitable

magnitude. You don't need

to

worry that this

part

of

the flap signal

"goes

missing";

the electronics

are designed

in

such a

way

that

the full

signal

reaches the flaps, even

when

part

of it is

"bled

off" to

the elevator.

The net result is that the elevator servo

receives

part

ot

the

"flap"

signal

in

addition

to its main

"elevator"

signal.

Fig.29

Now we will

refine the

arrangement

(and

complicate

it).

Your model

is

capable

of tlying smaller-diameter

loops if

the wing

flaps deflect down slightly

when

you

apply

up-

elevator. Once

again the

pilot

could do

it, but we will

remove that task

from him and automate the

process

by

teeding a

proportion

of the elevator signal

to the flap

servo.

The

net result is that the tlap servo

receives

part

of

the

"elevator"

signal in addition to

its main

"flap"

signal.

Fig.30

A

year

or two ago

we might have said this:

"that's

an

elevator/flap

mixer". Please

lorget

that

right now

-

it's

just

too vague to cover lhe

possibilities.

Our example

is

about to become even

more soohisticated.

The model

has suddenly sprouted spoilers,

allowing the

pilot

to

make

it lose height rapidly. In most cases spoilers also

affect the

model's

pitch

trim.

You can

probably

see

what is

coming:

we feed a

propor-

tion oJ the spoiler

signal to the elevator servo; again

in

the

correct

direction and of the correct

magnitude, and

the

pitch

trim compensation

is automatically correct.

The elevator servo

now receives the

following

sig-

nals:

the main

"elevator"

signal

part

ot the

"tlap"

signal

part

of

the

"spoiler"

signal

Fig.

Our earlier

idea of a mixer is now creaking somewhat.

45

And

now the

final touch:

We don't always

want to

fly tight

loops; for

"normal"

fly-

inq it

is

better

if the flaps do

not

deflect

automatically

wf,en the elevator

is

moved. Obvious

solution:

install

a

switch

so

that the

part

of the

elevator signal

that

is Jed

to the

flap servo can

be switched

on and

off.

We

have introduced

a switch

into the signal

line

"eh

evator

to

flap input".

Fig.32

Now

you

can

probably

see how

it all hangs

together:

Each servo

which is to

receive

more than

one single

signal

is

provided

with

an

(imaginary)

"black

box".

The

"6lack

box"

has inputs

for all

the signals

we need

to

pass

to the servo.

But

it has only

one output

-

and that

irrovides

the composite

signal

which is actually

fed to

the servo.

Now

we

provide

an adjustor

for each

input, so

that each

of

the

part-signals

can

be

varied in size.

A

"reversing

device"

is also

fitted for each

signal.

And finally,

where

it is likely

to be

useful,

we fit a switch,

so that

each

part-signal

can be

turned on

and off.

It is this

imaginary

"black

box" that

we call

a mixer.

Now

we will

look at a different

example:

a

V'tail.

First we

will

only

look at one tail

panel

-

one

"half".

In this

case

we need

a

"black

box"

which combines

the

"elevator"

and

"

rudder"

signals.

lt is called

a

V-tail mixer.

In

slightly

more

technical

and abstract

terms:

A V-tail

mixer combines

the

"elevator"

and

"rudder"

signals

and

feeds

the composite

signal

to the servo.

We need

the same

mixer

for the other

half of

the

Vtail.

Of

course,

the

size of the

two signals

is

fully variable'

as

in the Drevious

mixer.

In this case

we

have to

pay

atten-

tion

to the

"prefix",

i.e. the

direction

of rotation

of the

part-signals:

the

"elevator"

part

must work

in the same

direction

for both

halves

of the

tail. The

"rudder"

part

must act

in opposed

directions.

But this

presents

no

oroblem,

as

we can,

of course,

adjust

the direction

of

rotation separately

for each

part-signal.

Even better:

we

do

not

need to

worry any

more about

the

mechanical

linkages

and the

space available:

when

the model

is

comfllete,

we

apply,

for example,

"up

elevator";

if the

elevalor

moves

down,

we simply

reverse

the direction

of

rotation of the

"elevator

part-signal".

The same applies

to the

rudder signals.

Since

the magnitude

and direction

of

each

part-sig-

nal is fully adiustable,

you

can see

that

installation

problems

are a thing

of the

past.

As in this example,

there are

many other

commonly

used

"

mixed

functions",

for which

"

pre-defined" mixers

can

be used.

A

"flaperon"

mixer,

for example,

produces

a composite

signal

for the f laperon

servos

consisting

oJ

the basic

tlap and aileron

functions

(hence

"tlaperon").

lf

vou

have a

model

fitted with

flaperons,

you

again

neäd two such

mixers:

one

for each flaperon

servo.

Commonly

used

mixers

can be

pre-defined. The

part-signals

tor the

tunctions of

a

pre-def

ined

mixer

are

already

laid down.

Each

mixer of this

type

is

given

a

name

which

describes

its use clearly.

Such

pre-defined mixers are available

in an

"ad-

equatC"

number

in

your

transmitter,

and cater

for all

the

most commonly

used

applications'

You will

find mixers

for:

V{ail,

"V-tail

+", flaperons,

"elevator

+", snapJlaps,

delta,

"aileron

brakes

(crow)",

"Quadro".

lf at this

point

the

operation

of any

one of these

mixers

is

not clear

Jrom

its title, don't

worry.

They are all

explained

in lull at a

later stage.

You can

implement

each

of these

mixers

(i.e.

install the black

box

in front of

a servo)

as often

as

you

like.

The actual

limit is

nine

times,

since

the system

ls

"only"

able

to control

9 ser-

vos. That

has to be

the definitive

answer

to the

oft-

posed question

"

how many

mixers?"

!

The answer

is not what

you

might

think, and

certainly

not I

mixers.

lt is I

mixer systems

with

10 different

transmitter

controls

to

4 di{ferent

inputs,

i.e. 10-

possibili-

ties

per

servo!

How to use

the

pre-defined mixers

The

use oJ

the

pre-defined,

"

ready-made"

mixers

is

based

on

the same

scheme

that

you

have already

come

to

know:

first assign,

then

adiust.

Once again

the

transmitter

"oJfers"

options

in the

form oJ menus.

From

what

we have

iust

said

it

should

be

clear

that

mixers

are assigned

to the servos.

First a simple

example:

the V-tail

Here we

will suppose

that

you

have set

up

memory 03

for a

model

named

"TEST",

and

assigned

the controls

like

this:

"Transmitter

control

B

=

ELEVATOR"

and

"Transmitter

control

C

=

RUDDER".

Servos

2 and

3 are

to ooerate

the Vlail.

46

First the

mixer is assigned

to

the servos:

Move to

the

"Assign

servos"

menu.

There

you

first select

servo

No.2

in the usual

way.

Now

"activate"

the select

function

field with the

Z

key.

Leaf through

with the

E

key.

The

lunctions with

which

vou

are bv

now

familiar

from the

normal assigning

pro-

öedure

afpear

one by

one.

After

"FIXED

VALUE" and

for the

full list.

After

"ELEVATOR

+" comes

"V-TAIU'.

This is the

mixer

we want.

(After

this comes

the

"V-

TAIL+

"

mixer, which

can do

even

more, but

we will

come

to that

in a moment).

You will

see

this:

H55Irjt.l SEFlr,IÜ

I

Tü

tJ-TFll

L r

Press the

[!

key, select servo No. 3 and repeat the

whole

thing

for

this servo.

The

assignment

process

is

now

complete.

You have now

"

informed"

your

transmitter that:

Servo

No. 2

operates

V-TAIL,

and Servo No. 3 operates

V-TAIL.

It

also

knows

that

it is

to

place

the appropriate mixer

betore each of the two servos. In more

abstract terms:

you

have

assigned servos 2 and 3 to the

"V-Tail

higher

mixed function".

Leave the menu in the

usual

way.

Now we come to setting

up

the mixer.

Move to the

"

Servo adiustment" menu. Press the

Z

key to

select

the sub- menu

"TRAVEL

+

REVERSE".

Select servo

No. 2 in

the usual

wav

You will see this:

rSEF:.

r:

r.r-19

i '_

r+ I

rittjt:.:

Elt' ELEtltlr

Press

the

\l

key

and adjust the lhrow to the one side

(stick

back) and then the other side

(stick

forward),

just

as if setting up

in

the

normal way.

There is no reason in

this case why

you

should set unequal movements, so

set both

to, say, 400/o.

lf

you

have an actual model to hand while

you

carry

out

this

practice procedure,

check at this

point

that

"up"

on

the stick makes the elevator rise. lf this is not the case,

press

the

El

key, and it will be reversed.

Note:

lf

you

set mixing

ratios

which add up to less than 1000/0,

then

the mixer will operate in a

"

lineat" fashion, and

the control signals

will never

be

restricted. You

could,

on the

other hand, leave both inputs at, say, 1000/0. In

such a case,

if

you

apply elevator or

rudder

one at a

time,

you

will

have full

travel available.

However,

as

soon as the sum of the two

inouts

for either control sur-

face exceeds 1000/0, i.e. when a lot of elevator and

rud-

der are applied simultaneously, the movement will be

restricted, as the servo and the control surface cannot

move to more than 1000/o of maximum. The etfect

is

aerodynamic

asymmetry which can be disturbing.

"

Linear" mixing

(no

more than 1000/o) is the most

elegant

solution, but in

practice

a setting

part-way

between

the two extremes has

proved

a very effective

comoromise.

Now to the rudder

input.

Press the

Z

key, then

El.

"ln-

put:

ELEVATOR" is now replaced

by

"Part:

RUDDER".

You will see this:

r5EFj.

rr

r.r.

THIL

\+ I

t:Jtit:.j

[:+ FIU[r[rEr

Press the

Sl

key again, then set the

"

ruddet" input for

both directions of

rotation; in

our example 600/0 for each

side.

Here

again, check that

the

control surfaces

move

in the correct direction

(if you

have a model handy).

Reverse the function, if necessary with the

E

key.

We hope

you

didn't Jind that all too confusing. Never

mind

-

you

can

repeat

the

whole

operation

now for

servo No. 3!

Note:

Bear in mind that the travel inputs for the mixers

can be

switched ON/OFF or assigned to a

physical

switch.

lf

you

are

not

sure how to do this

please

refer back to

page

30.

And now a more complex

example

At

the start of this Section

we

discussed a model which

featured

pitch

trim compensation for camber-changing

flaps

and spoilers, and elevator to

flap mixing.

We will assume that transmitter

control

B has

been

assigned

to

the

"elevator"

function,

control D to the

"spoiler"

tunction and control F to the

"flap"

function.

The following

servo assignments have also been made:

Servo No. 2: elevator

Servo

No. 4:

spoilers

Servo No. 6: camber-changing flaps

Here we

come to another special

feature

which,

although

it has nothing

to do with mixing, is important in

an indirect

sense.

We will assume that the

"basic

position" (spoilers

closed) of

control

D is

"forward";to

extend the spoilers

the stick is

pulled

right back.

At the

basic

position

a

very large

signal

is

already

present

-

namely full travel forwards.

Of

this a certain

proportion

would reach the elevator, and then would

need to be

"compensated

away" by some means.

The

transmitter offers a better alternative,

namely

the

"

Normpos"

(Normal

Position)

control option.

lf

you

have not

yet

tackled this feature,

you

should do it now;

otherwise

you

will encounter

problems

in the next

sec-

tion. Please reler to

page

37.

You must

set this option to

"forurards"

(forward

arrow

in

the display).

Assuming,

that

is,

that

your

spoilers are

retracted with the

stick

forward!

This action comoensates for the undesired basic mixino

inout

before

it räaches the mixer. lt has no eflect

at

aä

on the signal to the spoiler servo itself.

From now

on take care that control C

is

set

to

one

or

other of

its

end-points

for

all

your

adjustments.

Alterna-

tively,

you

could switch the

"SPOILER"

input

off

when

adjusting the elevator, as described above.

But enough of the

preliminaries.

First

step,

as always: assigning:

Move to the

"Assign

servos"

menu with

the

key

sequence

El El [l N

.

For servo No. 4

(spoilers)

everything is clear; there is no

mixing. So,

iust

as with

"normal"

assignment, first

select servo

No. 4,

then assign

"SPOILER"

to

it.

Now to the elevator.

Select servo

No. 2,

then

press

the

Z

key; the

control

tunction field starts flashing. Leaf through with the

E

key.

Once again the

lamiliar

"list

of options" appears.

After

"FIXED

VALUE"

and

"

ELEVA'IOR+

":

47

1155Iril..l

5EFitlu

i

I

Tr_r

ELEtl.

+

r

This

is the mixer

that we need.

(lt

is described

in detail

in the

preamble

to the detail

description

of mixers

which

follows.)

That's äll

there

is to it; flap servo

servo

No. 6, then select

the servo

function tield

with the

Z

key. Leaf through

again with the

El

key.

For an unmixed

flap function

you

would now select

"FLAP";

because

of the

mixer, however,

you

have to

con'

tinue

leafing through

until

'SNAPFLAP"

appears:

the

name of

the mixer

which

produces

the

desired

mixing

effect:

II:,5IIJH

5EH[.JÜ

E

1

TI:I

SHHFFLI-IF^T

Now to

the setting-up

process.

Move

to the

"Servo

adjustment"

menu.

Servo

No. 4 is the

first

one

to adjust.

There is not

much to

say about

it: set

the direction of

rotation and the

centre

point (if

necessary)

in the usual

way.

The

flap

servo

(No.

6) comes

next. In this case

we

should

really call

it the snapJlap

servo,

because

we have

assigned

the SNAPFLAP

function to

it. Hair-splitting?

Well, that's

how

your

transmitter

sees

it.

Select

servo No. 6.

You see this:

r:-1EF:.

i:

l.J-Ttl

l L

t

+Itli:

F't' FLHF

In the second

line

you

will see

"FLAP"

on the right. So

we will set up

this

input first.

Release

the

input value

field with the

S

key

(value

flashes). Check

whether the

direction of servo

rotation

is

correct.

lf not,

press

the

E

key.

But the values

them-

selves?

We cannot

tell

you

exactly

what they should

be,

as this depends

on

your

model, and

in

particular

on the

length of

the actuating

arms on lhe servo

and the

control

surfaces.

lt is best

to measure

the result on

the flaps

themselves;

for

camber-changing

flaps a

good

starting

ooint

would

be around 5

-

10 degrees

up and

15

-

20

degrees

down. Set

the slider to

the one end-point

and

then

the other,

and use the

E

and

El

keys to set the

0/o

vatues.

Now to the

"elevator"

inout.

Press the

!

key, then the

El

key. With

ELEVATOR

flash-

ing, the display

will

look like this:

r5EFl.

E,: :;HHFFLIIF

r+ 1riifi:t

Ert ELEt.Jl.lr

Activate the

input

value tield with the

!

key once

more.

Check

the

direction of

servo

rotation; for snapjlaps

the

elevator

must move

in opposition

to the flaps,

i.e. up-el-

evator

with downJlap.

ls that

how it is?

lf not, reverse

it

with the

E

key. Apply

"full

up" at the

elevator stick,

and

set

the desired

flap deflection

with the

El

or

E

keys.

Repeat the

process

for

"full

down" elevator.

A

good

start-

ing

point

for both sides

would be around

5

-

10 degrees

flap detlection;

you

will be able

to find the optimum

set-

tings

later on, during

test-flying.

4a

Do

you

remember that

we wanted

to make

the eleva'

tor

---

f lap mixing switchablet

That comes

next.

You can

-

or

rather, must

-

tell the

transmitter

which

switch

is to carry oul

this task

(you

have to

do this

because

your

PROFI

mc 3010 sets

virtually

no restrictions

on

what

you

can and

cannot do)

Now

move to the SWITCH

menu,

by

pressing

the key

sequence

EIZ Z

from the basic display.

Press the

0l

key.

Iap the

El

key

repeatedly until

"55+"

appears

and

flashes. The arrow shows

that

the switch

must be

pushed

in that direction

to switch

it ON, i.e. the

coupling

is then effective.

lf

you

want to reverse

this,

press

the

E

key, and

the

job

is

done.

You

are

finished

with the snapJlap

servo.

Now to the

elevator

(more

accurately:

ELEVATOR+)

servo,

in our

case

No. 2.

First

move to the

TRAVEL & REVERSE

menu.

Select servo

No.

2 with the

Z

and

El

keys.

The

display

will look

like

this:

rtEF:.

::

ELETJ.

+

L+ 1

|i1fi:t

Et ELEtJHT

Input:

"ELEVATOR"

is already there,

so

we will set that up

first. Release

the input

value field with

the

!

key, then

check

the direction of

rotation;

reverse it

if necessary

Then set the travel

itself on both

sides: 900/o

would be a

usetul starting

point.

The

"SPOILER"

and

"FLAP"

inputs are

adjusted

next,

but we don't

need to describe

the adjustment

procedure

in detail again.

In both cases

it is all

"business

as usual":

select the

input, set the

value tor both sides.

Reverse

the

tunction

if necessary

The method

of making the

inputs

switchable

has already been

described

for the

SNAPFLAP

mixed

function.

One

final thing

you

might

like to try out

in addition to

the

last example

(this

has nothing to do

with mixers):

Try

out

the transmitter

control option

"

Fixed

Value" for the

flap function

(see

page

36).

You will see that

every aspect

of the adjustments

you

have made

regarding the slider

control still

functions

if

you

"ovenide"

the slider

position

with a switch.

Our

tip:

Practise

"adiusting

inputs" until

you

are

confident

with the

procedure.

Later on,

at the

flying

site,

you

will also need to

know

what to do, so that

you

can

make sense of the

test-flying

process.

lt is

not always

quite

as

quiet

and calm out

there on

the

tlying strip

as it

is in

your

workshop; and

in

such

"mild

stress situations"

you

can easily

make an

error

-

unless

you

are

contident of

what

you

are

doing,

that is.

The

same

applies

if

you

use

the

"ready-made

lists"

supplied

with the

transmitter,

without assigning

any-

thihg

yourself.

lt is almost

impossible

to use any of

the

mixers unless

you

know how to set

and adiust

input values.

Never attempt

to adiust

anything

trom the

keypad

when

you

are

flying a

model. Instead

use the

oigi-

Adiustor,

which is always switched

"in

parallel"

with

the

E

and

El

keys,

when it makes sense

to use

it.

The basic

rule

is

this:

keep the

keypad

flap

shut

whlle

you

are

flying!

Description of the

pre-defined,

"ready-made"

mixers

Now that

you

have

become

familiar with the way the

mixers are assigned and adjusted,

here is

a

list

of

the

pre-defined

mixers in the same sequence as they are

offered by the transmitter

when

you

"leat

through" the

oDIrons.

With all

mixers

the stick unit trim sliders are automati-

cally

included where it makes most sense, or where

it is

standard oractice.

You

don't

need

to concern vourself

with them at all.

Examoles:

For a

"V-tail"

the elevator trim

works in

the usual

way;

for

"snap-flaps"

it does not.

For each

mixing input

the size and the

pretix (rotary

sense

of the servo)

can be adjusted. The inputs can be switched

on and off wherever that is of oractical advantaoe.

You can assign each mixer as often as

your

application

demands

it.

Examole:

You must use the

"Quadro"

mixer at least

four

times;

less than that

number means

that

it is no longer a

"Quadro"

mixer. However, there is no reason why

you

should not use it six times if

your

model has

three

wing

control surfaces

on

each side.

One more time

-

just

to remind

you:

You can set any

input

lo

"

zerc"

and

then

disregard

it

altogether. This may make a

particular

mixer

suitable

for a different, but similar

purpose.

Examole:

With the

"Quadro"

mixer

you

could set the

"elevator"

input to

zero,

and

you

then

have

a

mixer which involves

"flaps"

and

"ailerons"

only.

Mixers

for fixed-wing

The

"ELEVATOR+"

mixer

lnouts:

Elevator

Sooiler

FlaD

models

The mixer

is

usually assigned as

follows:

Elevator servo

Main application:

Standard

models

with

camber-changing

or landing

flaos and/or sDoilers.

The

"V-TAlf

mixer

lnDuts: Elevator

Rudder

The

mixer is

usually

assigned as follows:

V-tail servos

Main application:

Model aircraft

with V-tails

The

"V-TAIL+

"

mixer

Inputs:

Elevator

Rudder

Spoiler

Flap

The mixer is usually assigned as

follows:

V-tail servos

Main application:

Models with V-tail and/or spoilers and/or

camber-chang-

ing or landing flaps.

The

"aileron

brake"

(Crow)

mixer

lnouts:

Aileron

Flap

Sooiler

Elevator

The mixer is usually assigned as

follows:

Flap

and aileron servos. Usually

4 servos.

Main application:

Models in which the

"Crow"

configuration

is to

be used

as an aid to flight

path

control

in

certain

llight

situations

(descent,

landing approach). Can also be used

for

pure

"aileron

brakes".

The

"SNAPFLAP"

mixer

Inputs: Flap

,an

Elevator

etevalor

The mixer is usually assigned as lollows:

Flao

servos

Main application:

F3A class aerobatic

models for

"souare"

manoeuvres

The

"QUADRO"

mixer

lnouts:

Aileron

aileron

Flap

Elevator

The mixer is usually assigned as follows:

Flao and aileron servos

Main application:

Gliders

with

"Quadro"

flap conliguration

(flaps

support

ailerons,

ailerons support flaps)

The

"

DELTA' mixer

lnDuts: Aileron

Elevator

The mixer is usually assigned as follows:

servos

(combination

ailerons/elevators)

Main application:

delta model aircraft and

flying wings.

etevalor

sporler

flap

atleron

sporler

elevalor

elevator

ruooer

sporler

flap

elevator

The

"FLAPERON"

mixer

Inputs:

Aileron

aleron

Flap

flap

The mixer

is

usually assigned as

lollows:

Flaperon servos

Main application:

Models

with f laperons

(combination

flap

i ailerons)

49

Mixers

for

model

helicopters

The

"TAIL

ROTOR"

mixer

Inputs:

Collective

pitch

Yaw

Fixed

value

The mixer

is usually assigned

as

follows:

Tail rotor servo

Main application:

Model

helcopters

with main

rotor torque

compensation

via tail

rotor

The

"HEIM

HEAD" mixer

Inputs:

Collective

pitch

Roll

The mixer

is usually assigned

as

follows:

Swashplate

actuation

servos

Main application:

Model

helicopters

with Heim-type

swashplate

linkage,

or similar

The

"HEAD-MIX"

mixer

Inputs: Collective

pitch

Roll

Pitch-axis

Geometry

Phase

The mixer

is usually

assigned

as follows:

Swasholate

control

servos

Main

application:

Model

helicopters

with

"Collective

Pitch

Mixing"

swash-

plate

linkage

collective

pitch

yaw-axis

fixed value

collective

pitch

roll-axis

The', DYNAMIC-THROTTLE',

MiXCT

lnputs:

Throttle

Roll

Pitch-axis

Yaw

throttle

roll-axis

pitch-axis

yaw-axis

throttle

servo

The mixer

is usually assigned

as

tollows:

"Throttle"

servo

Main application:

All

model helicopters

in

which throttle

is not controlled

directly

by the

pilot,

but

is controlled

indirectly

accord'

ing to the

power

absorption

of the

main and

tail rotors.

SDecial

feature:

The

"roll", "pitch-axis/r,

and

"yaw"

inputs are

mixed

"without

prefixes",

as

the

power

requirement

of

the

main and

tail rotors

rises from

zerc

"on

both

sides".

The

"FLARE"

mixer

Inputs: Pitch-axis

Collective oitch

geometry

collective

pitch

rolFaxis

pitch-axis

phase

The

mixer is usually

assigned

as follows:

Pitch-axis servo

Main application:

Helicopters

with separate

pitch-axis

servo

lueter,

"Shuttle"),it

"

tlarc"

mixing

is

desired.

pitch-axis

collective

pitch

pitch-axas

servo

(e.9.

Sch-

The freely

definable

mixers

("USR-MlX"

mixers)

In

contrast

to the

"pre-defined"

mixers discussed

in the

Drevious

Section,

the

user-definable

mixers

give

you

the

chance

to select

precisely

the mixing

inputs

you

require.

This feature

caters

for all

possible

applications

for which

no

pre-defined

mixers are

provided.

Once

they

have been

"defined",

these

mixers can

be

used

exactly

like the

"pre-defined"

mixers.

This

means

that they

are assigned

and

adjusted

in

exactly

the same

way. And

in exactly

the same

way,

switches

are

provided

for turning

individual

inputs

on

and

off.

These

mixers

give you

total

freedom!

Note:

In

practice,

the

term

"defining

mixers"

means

that

you

select:

Input

1

controls

(say)

aileron

Input 2 controls

(say

eleva-

tor

That

is all

you

need to do

to define a

delta

mixer.

You

can

now assign

the mixer

in the standard

way. However,

when

you

try out

the system,

you

will discover:

No trims!

Right

then, back

to defining

the USR-MIX

mixer, release

the

input

field with the

E

key, and add

the

trim.

E.G.

Inout

1

50

1. AIL +T

And the

result?

Nothing!

Has the transmitter

gone

wrong?

No, there's

nothing

wrong:

lirst

you

must re-assign

the

modified

USR-mixer.

Move

to the servo

assignment

menu, select

the

appropriate

servo,

and activate

the

input

field. The

legend USR-MIX

1 flashes

-

now the

altered

USR

mixer

is

active.

You may

lind this difficult

or complex,

but

bear

with us;

this

"trap"

in Jact offers

immense

possibilities.

lf

you

are

really clever,

you

will already

have

realised

the

potential:

Since

we

have to

re-activate the

mixer each

time,

we

can

alter the

USR

mixer definition between

each

servo

assignment

(servo

1, 2, 3 etc.),

so that each

of the

9 ser'

vos has

its own USR

mrxer. But

-

of course

-

there

has

to be

a drawback.

The USR

mixers

can indeed

all be diflerent,

but

they all

have the

same

name, e.g. USR-MIX

1.

Al this

point

we

will come back

to the

game

we

played

before,

in

answering

your

friends'

question:

"My

transmitter

has 6

mixers; and

yours?"

A

case

for a mixer

-

a USR-MIX

mixer.

Second

example:

in a model boat

with

2 motors and

2

screws

the

motors

are required

to support

the

rudder.

When

"right

rudder" is applied,

the

left motor

is to be

fed

with more

current,

and the

right one

less; and

the

other

way round

when

"left

rudder"

is

applied.

Here

we

need tvvo

mixers ol the

same

type for

the

inouts

"

rudder"

and

"

motor":

Independent

of the

13 ready-made

mixer systems,

each

of

which

you

can apply

I times,

you

now have

the USR

mixers.

These can

be assigned

up to

1.0 different

inputs

for all

four channels.

That means:

10"

possible

mixers

oer

servol

Sample

applications:

As

the

first example,

imagine

an electric-powered

model aircraft.

lmagine also

that it

has the unpleasant

habit of

becoming

more and

more tail'heavy,

the

more

the

"throttle"

is opened

(the

more

power

is ted to the

motor). Quite

why this

occurs

we don't

need to waste

time

thinking

about:

perhaps

the modeller

just

wanted

an easy

life, or

maybe

he made a

mistake at

the build-

ing board.

Now,

wouldn't

it

be

nice

if we could

mix down'elevator

in with

the

"throttle"

automatically,

so

that more

"down"

was aDDlied

as the

throttle

was opened.

We would

then

need a

"motor"

and

"elevator"

mixer.

Ot the

four

possible

inputs

we need only

2: one

jor

"MOTOR',

the

other

for

"ELEVATOR".

In line 1

(Number

and

"name"

oJ the

mixer)

you

will see

"USR-MlX1";

i.e.

there

is nothing to

be done

here.

Now we will

"define"

the

inputs

in turn:

in line 1

you

will

see

"lNP1",

which

is the first

input;

we

can

leave

it as

it

is.

Press

the

Z

key; and

the

"type

of input"

=

control

function can be

entered.

Leaf through

with the

E

key

until

"MOTOR"

appears.

That's

it done.

Now to

the second

input.

Press the

!

key,

followed by

El.

"lNP1"

turns

into

"lNP.2".

Press the

Z

key again,

then

leaf through

with the

El

key until

"

ELEVATOR"

appears:

rl_l5F:-t,lI

l':1

i

+T+F:]

r I f iF

. i: ELEr,.rH

I

Now

you

really

are

finished.

Inputs 3 and

4 are not

It is always

possible

that there

could be

something

undesirable

left

here from an

earlier

mixer definition,

so

we ought

to have a

look, to be

on the safe

side:

Select

input 3

as discussed

above.

ll

you

see

(Nothing)

there,

move on

immediately

to

input No.

4; otherwise

leaf through

with the

E

key until

appears.

Repeat

the

process

with input

4.

This

really does

complete

the task.

Leave the

menu

in

the usual

way

with the

@

key.

At this

point

a

little

"operating

convenience"

is built

in:

you

are taken

immediately

to

the

"Assign

sewos"

menu,

where

you

can

carry out

this

process.

lf

you

do

not wish

to do this,

just

press

@

again.

The result

of

your

work, in diagrammatic

form:

n#liif_,if

"",".

ffiiilr8lil

To assign

this

mixer to

the elevator

servo,

leal through

until vou see

"Servo

No.

.

controls

USR-Mlxl'.

'

I

number

ot seNo

lf

you

want to adiust

this servo,

you

must then,

as

with

thö other

mixers,

adjust both

inputs

"MOTOR"

and

"EL-

EVATOR".

The

second

example

in abbreviated

form:

For this

you

use

USR mixer

2.

Assign

"MO'rOR"

to

input

1;

"

RUDDER"

to

input 2.

ft

you

assign

'MOf

-2'

to

the 3rd

input, then

a further

relinement

is automatically

available.

Why

not try and

work

out

what it is?

(clue:

bear

in

mind that

you

can

later switch oft

or set

inputs to

zero).

Input4

is again set

to

(Nothing).

This mixer

in diagrammatic

form:

elevator

+

trim

molor

etevalor

servo

motor

controller

R.H. motor

motor controller

L.H.

motor

rudder

+

trim

motor

rudder

+

trim

lf the

two

molors

have already

been set

for separate

control

from

the transmitter,

using

the assignments

'MOTOR"

and

"

MOTOR-2",

then

the solution

can

be

even

more sophisticated,

but

we won't

go

into that

here.

How

to

"define"

the mixer

Every definable

mixer

has tour

inputs.

To define

the

mixei,

we need

to tell the

transmitter

which control

func-

tions

it is to send

to these

inputs.

That

is what

we mean

by

"defining".

Naturally,

this

is done by

means

of a

menu, which

you

will

find

in the

"bottom

right-hand

corner"

of

the

"As'

signing"

menu.

Starting

from the

Status display,

more to

the

"Assign-

ing"

menu with

the key sequence @ Z N

;

then select

"USR-MlX"

with the

Z

key.

You will see

this display:

rutFt-f'lI

iil

i

+T+E:i

rIl'.|F.1:

rj".

r

Now

we

will

detine

the

mixer

for the

first example.

This will be

USR

mixer 1.

motor

ruooet

molor

(motor

controller)

motor 2

nothing

cl

And

now

one small,

but

very important difference:

What

happens to the trims?

With many mixers

it is necessary to include the

trim

slider

positions

with the

"pure

stick signal".

For

exam-

ple,

that applies

to a V-tail, otherwise

it would not be

oossible

to trim the elevators

and rudder.

The

same

also

applies to

the elevator control of a

llying wing

model.

On the

other hand there are

mixers in which the

posi-

tion of the trim sliders should

not be included.

Example:

"snapjlaps"

on an aerobatic

model. In this case

the

wing control surfaces

should not deflect

when the

elevator

trim slider

is

shifted;

flap movement is only

required when

you

"control"

the elevator.

It depends

theretore on

your particular

application,

whether

you

want the

mixing inputs with or without

trims, and

this applies equally to the USR

mixers.

You

can

choose this too:

We will return to

the first

example

we discussed

here.

We had

this display:

ru:,Ft-fl

I iiI

{:+T+F:i

r I l'lF.

r: ELEr"rH

r

Press the

Z

key

again;

"ELEVATOR"

flashes.

lf

you

now

press

the

E

key,

"

+T" will appear

This means

"with

trim", and

indicates that the

tion is now

mixed in with the ELEVATOR

input:

rU:;Fj-l'1

I :'i I

{: +T+F:

i

r I I'lF. :: ELEr-rH+Tr

lf

you press

the

El

key again,

"+T"

disappears again,

and the

mixing occurs

"without

trims".

One last time:

Please bear

in mind

(as

already

described above)

that

you

must

re-assign the USR-Mixers every time

you

alter their definition,

otherwise the changes

will

not take eftect.

it.

trim

posF

Over the course

of its existence the

model helicopter

has developed

into

a sophisticated

and demanding

machine.

The

demands

these machines

make

on

the

radio control

system are no

less

comprehensive.

The

PROFI mc 3010, with its

vast flexibility, is more than a

match

for all these requirements;

thanks in in

particular

to the specialised

"helicopter

mixers" and the user-de-

fined

mixers, which can be used to

fulfil

almost

any con-

ceivable

need. Experts

will

also be

delighted to exploit

the

possibility

of

"switching

memories

in flight"

(see

page

68).

lf

you

already

have

some

experience with choppers

the

lollowing Section

will

probably present

no

problem.

ll

you

are a beginner

to the world oJ the

whirling rotor,

we strongly advise

you

to read and study

modelling

magazines

and specialist books

to complement the

information

in this

manual.

That is not because

the PROFI

mc

3010

is complicated,

but because

helicopters are

inherently complex.

And

because

it

is not

possible

to start with

2

or 3

functions,

as

with a

fixed-wing model. lt is far outside

the scope of

this

manual to

go

into

the basics

and finer

points

of

heli-

copter

control systems, as

they are by

no means as

easy

to understand

nor as easy to

imagine as those of

tixed-wing

models. Some of the commonly

used terms

are explained

in

this section

where necessary; and

you

will

find

some

further explanations under

"Some

heli-

copter

terms" on

page

76.

In

this Section

we start from the assumption

that

you

are

already familiar with the

way the transmitter works,

so that

we

can concentrate

on the characteristics oJ the

helicopter.

Even if

you

consider

yourself

an expert and a

helicopter

specialist

you

should

at least carry out a

few

"dry

runs"

with

the

fixed wing examples, so that

you

become

famiF

iar with the way the transmitter

works.

As

a

minimum,

you

should

teel

at

home with the

method of finding

your

way

around

the menus, and

with

selecting,

correlating and adjusting

servos and trans-

mitter controls.

Basically the

"helicopter"

transmitter is operated

in the

same

way

as

for a fixed-wing model.

Everything that we

have said up to now on

working with memories, mixers

and so on, applies

in f

ull

to the helicopter transmitter.

However, there

is

one

fundamental difference: every

modern model

helicopter is tlown with at

least

one

mixer right

from

the start, and

most oJ them

feature

sev-

eral mixers.

The

"collective

Ditch/throttle

curve"

is

another

feature which is

peculiar

to the

helicopter

world.

But now: down to business.

52

The assignment

process

for

helicopters

lf we disregard the early,

very

simple

helicopters, which

managed without collective

pitch,

the model helicopter

requires at least five

primary

control

functions:

1.

Collective oitch

2. Pitch-axis

(fixed

wing:

elevator)

3. RolFaxis

(fixed

wing: aileron)

4. Yaw-axis

(tail

rotor

-

fixed wing: rudder)

5.

Throttle;

usually

linked

to and derived

from

col-

lective

oitch

Commonly used auxiliary functions:

6. Gyro suppression

and

7. Mixture adjustment for the motor.

Assigning the

"transmitter

control

"

end

of the system

At

the

transmitter end the four main control f unctions:

COLLECIIVE

PITCH, PITCH-AXIS, ROLL and YAW

have to be assigned to the two transmitter sticks

in the

usuar

way.

As the

"THROTTLE"

function

is

controlled

in

two

ways

-

partly

via a derived signal from

"COLLECrIVE

PITCH" and

partly

via a separate control

(more

details

later)

-

a transmitter control

must

also be assigned to

it;

usually one ol the

two

sliders.

The other slider

is

used

for mixture

adjustment.

Start by

moving to the

"Assign

transmitter controls"

menu as described before. Assign the transmitter con-

trols

A

-

D to the control Junctions COLLECf IVE

PITCH,

ROLL, PITCH and YAW using the arrangement

you

pre-

fer.

Assign slider E or

F

to

"THROTTLE";

then

the remain-

ing slider

to

"

MIXTURE".

lf

you

are using a

gyro

which

can be controlled

trom the

transmitter, a

further transmitter control needs to be

assigned to

it; for

example

one of the

"switched

chan-

nels"

H; in

the

transmitter's language: transmitter con-

trol H

=

GYRO.

lf

you

do not need

mixture

adjustment,

you

could

assign

one of the sliders to the

gyro.

Assigning at the

"servo

end"

Here

things

get

a little more complex. But let's do things

in the

right

order!

In

the

model there are three

groups

of control functions:

1. The tail rotor

(yaw)

control system,

including

gyro

suppression

2.

Throttle

control system

including mixture

adiustment

3. Swashplate

(main

rotor) control

system.

No helicopter can manage without this:

The tail rotor control system

Move to the

"Assign

servos" menu. Select in the usual

way the desired servo number, and activate the servo

f unction field in line 2 with the

Z

key.

"

Leaf through" with the

E

key

until

"TAILROT."

appears:

H5:,Iriil 5EF;r.Jü I

I

TI:I TI]

I LEL-'IT. ^T

In our example servo No. 3 is now assigned to tail rotor

control. This automatically makes available the essen-

tial mixer which

passes part

of the collective

pitch

sig-

nal to the tail

rotor

servo.

All

you

need

to do

later is

set

the level of the two inputs.

lmportant:

Be

sure to assign

"TAIL

ROTOR". lf

you

assign

"YAW"

instead,

you

will have the normal stick

func-

tion, but

not

the collective

pitch

mixing

-

i.e. no

static

tail rotor compensation!

Set up

gyro

suppression

in the same way:

As the

"sensitivity"

input of the

gyro

is

connected to the

receiver in the same way as a servo, the

"formal"

des-

ignation

here is:

"

Servo

No. ..

controls GYRO".

In

our example

the

gyro

is connected to receiver output 6.

So:

press

the

S

key and select servo No. 6. Press

Z

and leaf through until

"GYRO"

appears:

r-r:,:,I

riH

5EF:Url ü

I

Tr:r tiirFtür

Leave the menu as usual; that's it

-

done!

The throttle control system

First the

mixture adiustment

At the

"Assign

servos" menu select, say, servo

No. 7;

then

press

the

Z

key and select

"MIXTURE":

t1:,5IüH sEFlr,lr_t

T

I

TÜ

I'II !{TUFIE/

Now the

"throttle"

servo.

First

we

select

the

appropriate

servo again; in our case

No. 4.

Now

instead of the simple

"THROTTLE"

function as on

a

fixed-wing aircraft, we are otfered the

mixed function

"DYN.-THROT."

(dynamic

throttle).

This mixed tunction

allows

you

to

"switch

in"

part

of the ROLL, PITCH and

YAW control signals

to the throttle signal. This is desir-

able because every control

movement requires extra

power

from the motor. lf

you

do not want to use this

fea-

ture. the ROLL. PITCH and YAW inouts

will

be set to

zeto.

So:

press

the

tr

key, then leai through with the

E

key

until vou see

"

DYN.-THROT.":

t:t5!;itjH :,EF:t.t[t 4

r

T[t ['tr't'], THF:. r

That's all there

is

to

it here,

too.

lncidentally: if

you

don't hold with such

refinements,

you

can always use the simple

"THROTTLE'

lunction.

In that case the mixing arrangements simply do

not

appty.

The swashplate control

system

Here

we

can't

avoid

getting

a

little deeper

into the tech-

nology,

as there are several

different rotor

head control

systems,

or designs,

which differ

widely from each

other.

In fact they all do the same

job:

they

provide

con-

trol of collective

pitch,

roll-axis and

pitch-axis.

However,

the

different systems

make

quite

different

demands on

the

number of servos

and how they are used.

For this

reason we

present

here

a brief

description

of the

three most important systems,

and

the

assignments

required

for

each:

1. The

"classical"

fixed swashplate

move along

the axis of the

rotor shatt;

it can only tilt.

Collective

pitch

control

is

via

a oushrod

which runs

inside the

hollow rotor

shaft,

or in a

groove

in the

rotor shaft. Collective

and

cyclic

pitch

are

mixed

mechanically,

"

higher

up",

at the

rotor.

The

swash-

plate

is controlled by two

servos,

set at 90 degrees

to each other.

Fio.33

There are therefore

three servos

for

collective

pitch,

roll-

axis and

pitch-

axis,

which have entirely separale

func-

tions.

Servo

No. 1 controls

ROLL-axis

Servo

No. 2 controls

PITCH-axis

Servo

No. 5 controls COLLECTIVE

PITCH

lf

you

wish,

you

can mix in the

pitch-axis

input to collec-

tive

pitch

at a later stage,

if

you

find it necessary

(tor

the

transition

from cruise

to hoveo. To achieve

this, assign

"

FLARE" to the Ditch-axis

servo.

Please

note that if

you

change the

assignment, all

the

previous pitch-axis

servo adjustments

will be lost.

2. The

"CPM"

swashplate

CPM

stands

tor

"Collective

Pitch Mixing".

This type of

linkage

is to some extent the

opposite of the

fixed

swashDlate.

In this case

the swashplate

is Jree to move

along

the rotor shaft

in the axial direction.

Moving it axi-

ally

produces

collective

pitch

control; tilting

it

produces

cyclic

pitch

control.

Three servos

are again

required, but in this case

all

three act on

the swashplate.

This arrangement

is known

as a 3-point

linkage.

However, it is

possible

to use more

servos

to control

the swashplate.

A 4-point

linkage

presents

no

problem

to the transmitter.

You could even

"distribute"

5 or

more servos around

the

rotor head, should a

helicopter

with these features

ever

come onto the

market.

There are

two different

methods of arranging

these

three servos:

the

"go-degree

arrangement"

and the

"120-degree

arrangement"

:

The

90-degree

arrangement

is the simpler

one.

All three servos

must tirst be assigned

an equal

part

of

the ooLLECTIVE

PITCH signal;

the result

is that the

swashDlate

rises and

falls

evenlv

when the collective

54

Fig.34

pitch

control

is operated. For roll control

only the two

outer servos are operated,

in this case

in opposite

directions.

Finally the central

servo alone

provides

pitch-axis

control.

The 120-degree arrangement distributes

the

loads to

the servos

more evenly.

For collective

pitch

control all three servos

again

receive an equal

part

of the COLLECTIVE

PITCH sig-

nal. For roll control, once again,

only the two outer ser-

vos are operated,

in opposite directions.

For

pitch-axis

control.

however. all three servos

must work: the two

outer

ones work together, but

in the opposite direction

to the central one.

Even this is not the end of

the matter: the servo

move-

ments must be different.

The two outer servos,

when

required to

produce

a

pitch-axis

movement, deflect by

the same amount.

The central one

has to move twice as

far.

The same

"HEAD-MIX"

mixer

is

used

for controlling

the servos

in both versions ot

the CPM rotor

head:

geometry

collective

pitch

roll-axis

pilch-axis

phase

This mixer offers

the facility to

feed

adjustable

COLLEC-

TIVE

PITCH, PITCH-AXIS and

ROLL-AXIS

inputs to

each servo.

Any

input which is not

required

-

e.g.

ROLL for the central

servo

-

is

simply

set to zero

(00/o),

i.e. switched

otf.

The servo assignment

is simple:

Servo

No. 1

controls

HEAD-MlX,

Servo

No. 2 controls HEAD-MlX,

Servo

No. 5 controls

HEAD-MlX.

Naturally,

you

still

have to set the

magnitude and

direction of the three

inputs.

As

an

example to

help

you

remember, the display

will

look like this

(servo

No. 2):

H5:,ItjH :;EFjtJu

:

I

TLt HEHtt-l'lI

lir

The 4-point linkage

is, in

practice,

a

go-degree

arrange-

ment

with 2

oitch-

axis servos.

Your PROFI mc 3010

makes everything

very simple.

You assign

'HEAD-MIX"

to, say, servos 3

to 6.

You will

find the necessary adjustments

on

page

62.

I

AEargem.nt

9d

",1

U

,

"*:*.

l.

ffi-'x

(+

clllocllr. lro|]l

J

S€rw 5

tor

n

ro

r.0ü!) Call€ciiv!

picn

3.

The

"Heim"

$t ashplate

This swasholate

is

also

free

to

move axially,

and collec-

*

tive

pitch

is achieved by

this

movement.

However, it

is only

controlled

directly

by

two

(outboard)

servos;

when they

move in the

same direction

the

result is

a collective

pitch

move-

ment; when they

move in

opposite

directions

the

result

is a roll movement.

A bellcrank

is

provided

for

Ditch-axis control.

and this

is operated

by the

pitch-

axis

servo,

which

is

mounted at

righlangles to

the rotor shatt.

The bellcrank

"tloats",

and

thus moves

up

and down

with the swashplate.

The bellcrank

"de-

couples"

pitch-axis

control

from collective

pitch.

By an

ingenious

design of the

floating bellcrank

pivot

"flare"

mixing is achieved

automatically, so

no special

"flare"

mixer is needed.

A soecial

"HEIMHEAD"

mixer is

provided

for the two

"coilective

oitch/roll"

servos.

collective

pitch

roll-axis

Servo assignment

is as Jollows:

Servo

No. 1 controls

HEIMHEAD

Servo

No.

5 controls

HEIMHEAD

Servo

No. 2 controls

PITCH-AXIS

Transmitter

control options

for helicopter control

systems

The transmitter

oflers a series ol options

tor helicopter

control

systems, exactly

like the fixed-wing

control sys-

tems,

which

you

can

"activate",

and adjust,

when

you

need

them.

ll the term

"transmitter

control

options"

is not clear,

please

turn back to

page

32

and read that section.

To some extent

these ootions are

identical to

those tor

fixed-wing

models;

however, some of them

are specific

to helicopters.

The

helicopter-specific

options are explained

in the

fol-

lowing section.

Here

again,

you

are free to

make use of as

many of

these

options

-

or as

few of them

-

as

you

wish.

The

following options are available:

ODtion

Transmitter control

Dual Rate

PITCH,

ROLL, YAW

(tail

rotol)

Exponential

COLL.

PITCH, PITCH,

ROLL, YAW

Travel adj., both

s. PITCH, ROLL,

YAw, COLL. PITCH.

Centre adjust

PITCH, ROLL, YAW MIXTURE,

COLL. PITCH*-

ldle

THROTTLE

Fixed

value THROTTLE

Throttle curve

collEgrlvE

PITCH

Direc

hrot

e

coLLECrlvEPITCH

Gyro ON/OFF

GYRO

'"Coll€ctive

pitch

maximum" and

"coll.

pitch

minimum"

in helicopter terminology.

"

"Collective

pitch-hover"

in helicopier terminology.

The

"collective

pitch

curve"

The term

"collective

pitch

curve"

refers to the

relation-

ship between

the

position

of the collective

pitch

stick

and

the actual angle

of collective

pitch.

Please

refer to

Fio. 36

here:

Fig.36

When the collective oitch

stick is set to

"Centre",

the

helicopter

is required to

hover: this

is the

"Hover

Point"

(HP).

The corresponding

angle ol

rotor blade

pitch

is

usually

stated by

the helicopter

manufacturer, and

is

usually

in the range +2lo

+4 degrees;

+3 degrees

is

a

good

starting

point

for

your

own experiments.

At the

"maximum

collective

pitch"

stick

position

the

rotor blades

are set to the

maximum

pitch

angle for

nor-

mal flying; here abbreviated

to

"P+".

lts actual

value is

best

discovered

in

practical

flight testing,

as it varies

according

to the motor

power

available

(see

below).

At the

"

bottom

end"

is

the

"minimum

collective

pitch"

position

-

point

"P-".

This setting

is not critical and

varies according

to the

model and the

pilot.

lt is best

for

beginners

to stick

to the helicopter

manulacturer's

rec-

ommendation

here; experts

will have their

own ideas.

You can

adjust all

three

points

independently of each

other.

In tact, these

adjustments are

no different

from

centre

adjustment

and separate

travel adjustment

of the

collective

pitch

transmitter control,

and

you

will find

them in the

menu under these

terms. So:

move to the

"Adiust

transmitter

controls"

menu;

leaf through to the

COLLECIIVE

PITCH

control.

Set

the hover

point (HP)

with the

"Centre"

ootion. and

collective

pitch

maximum

and

minimum with the

option

"Asymmetrical

Travel".

Note:

As

collective

pitch

is always adjusted

in conjunc-

tion with the

"throttle

curve",

we will have

to come back

to this subject

in due course.

Colleclive

pitch

servo

SP

Collective

pilch

slick

o

The

"throttle

curve"

The

level of motor output, i.e. the

position

of the throttle

slide

in the carburettor, is usually derived trom the

posi-

tion of the collective

pitch

stick

for normal flying. The

relationship betvveen the two is termed the

"throttle

curve".

The

options

You can select either of two types of

curve:

"3-pointcurve"

Fig.37;

or

"s-point

curve"

Fig.38.

The

philosophy

concerning control

and adiustment

is the same

for

both curves:

The starting

point

is always the hover, as this is the

most

important

basic adjustment. The collective

pitch

reouired for the hover is determined within close limits

by

the

design

of the helicopter. The required

"throttle"

setting for the hover is adjusted to match the collective

pitch

setting.

The next important

"corner

point"

is maximum collec-

tive

pitch.

This cannot be set to any old value, however,

as it deoends on the maximum oower oJ the motor. For

this

reason full

throttle

is

set

first,

and the

maximum

possible

collective

pitch

subsequently set to

match it.

The last corner

ooint

is

"minimum

throttle" at low

collec-

tive oitch. On oider transmitters this is where the

"idle-

up", or throttle

pre-select

function was used. To avoid con-

fusion, we have also termed this

point

"lU'.

In

this case

the throttle is adjusted with the rotor

"unloaded";so

that

the rotor

speed

remains

as

nearly

constant as

possible.

-100!6

'50c;t

0 50%

100!6

Fig.38

ffsP

=

"

Full

throttle forward". s-ooint curve

fbsP

=

"Full

throttle back", s-point

curve

First the 3-point curve.

Stay at

"fi3P"

and

press

the

Z

key.

"HP"

(hover point)

will flash. You

are already at the

point

where

you

adjust

the

"hover

throttle" setting. Use the

El

or

El

keys

(or

the Digi-Adjustor), to set the desired value; e.g. 750lo

(here

00/o

=

throttle closed; 1000/o

=

Jull throttle).

Move

the stick back to the

full-throttle

oosition and hold

it

there.

The

display

will now

show

"

P+

"

instead

of

"HP";

and

you

can again

set

the correct value

using

the

E)

and

El

keys, or the Digi-Adjustor.

Caution:

you

are now

adiusting

collective

pitch

maximum

(not

full throttle)!

This method

of adjustment

is

based on

practical

experi-

ence:

full

throttle

is

a

fixed

value, and

maximum

collec-

tive

pitch

must

be set to

match

that

value. lf

you

want

proof

that

you

are actually setting collective

pitch

maxi-

mum,

you

can later move to the

"Asymmetrical

Travel"

option, and examine COLLECTIVE PITCH travel at

"stick

back".

There

you

will f ind

the same

value

set.

Now to minimum throttle. Move the stick foMard and

hold it there; the display will now show

"1U".

You can

now set the carburettor

position

for collective

pitch

mini-

mum; e.g. 100/0.

The

s-point curve

The setting-up

procedure

is similar to that outlined

above.

No

doubt

you

realise

that

you

must first

select

"5P"

instead of 3P

lf

you

have

already set up a 3-point curve, then those

values

still apply. Otherwise

you

should set those three

points

firsl, as already

described.

100fi

Throttle

SP

---:.7

IU

Collective

pitch

stick

3

-

point

curue

0+

Fig.37

The

3-point curve

is

simpler

to

set up, and

is

adequate

in most cases. lt also forms the basis Jor the s-point

cu

rve.

The

s-point curve oflers a

further,

adjustable

point

above and below

the hover

point,

so that

you

can

match

the

required motor

power

more

accurately to the charac-

teristics of

your

motor. By

setting these two

points

the

"throttle

curve"

is

endowed with either a

progressive

or

a

regressive shape. lt

also

provides

an easier

method of

increasing

power

for

"negative

collective

pitch"

-

i.e. for

aerobatics.

The only drawback is that it

gives you

more

work

at

the adjustment stage.

The

additional Doint

in the middle.

between

hover

Doint

and

maximum collective

pitch,

is termed

"S+",

the

point

between

hover

and

minimum

collective Ditch

"S-".

How to

set

the

points

It is very helpful

if

you

become familiar with the

process

of selecting

and adiusting these

curves, so

we recom-

mend that

you

carry out the

following

practice

session.

At the

"Adjust

transmitter controls" menu, select the

COLLECTIVE

PITCH

control, and then select the

"Throttle

curve" ootion. The menu will look like this:

rEt:t::[tLL.

[:UE:t-lEr

rf'f'IF HF: bül{ r

Press the

Il

key;

the

"bottom

left-hand

corner"

will

flash.

You

can

now

select either

'fl'

or

'fb',

using the

@

key.

Choose between

"3P"

and

"5P"

with

the

E

and

E

keys.

You can

probably

guess

what

the abbreviations

mean

already:

ff3P

=

"Full

throttle foMard". 3-ooint curve

fb3P

=

"Full

throttle

back". 3-boint

curve

56

-100!6

,50c;t

You are

sure

to have discovered

by now that

the symbol

"S+"

appears

in

the display

when

you

move

the stick

between

"HP"

and

"P+".

This is the additional

point

interDosed between

hover and

maximum collective

pitch.

Hold

the stick

in

that

position

and enter

the

value

vou

think correct.

Exactly

the same

applies on

the

"other

side".

Between

"HP"

and

"lU'

you

will find

"S-".

Hold,the stick

in this

oosition

and enter the correct

value with the

El

and

E

keys, or

the Digi-Adjuslor.

Adjusting

the values

in flight

Caution:

never attempt to

make changes

in flight using

the

keypad.

The risk of making a

catastrophic error

is

too

great!

Always

use

the Digi-Adiustor

for making

in-flight

adiustments.

Yoü don't

really need to concern

yourself

with the details

of

adjusting

this curve.

lf

you

rotate the Digi-Adjustor

during a

flight,

it

adjusts

that

part

of the curve

which corresponds

to

the

position

of the collective

pitch

stick at

that moment

-

just

as

when setting up

the curve

in

the

first

place.

Never-

theless

-

a few words on

the basic

principles:

The 3-ooint

curve:

When vou

rotate the

knob, the

minimum throttle

posi-

tion, ttie

hover

throttle setting

or the collective

pitch

maximum

setting

will be altered,

depending

on the

position

of the collective

pitch

stick.

The s-ooint

curve:

Here again"

minimum throttle,

the central

part

of

the

curve,

br the collective

pitch

maximum

setting

is

altered, depending

on

the

position

ot the collective

pitch

stick

(the

centre

part

moves the three

points

S-,

HB

S+

"in

parallel").

In

brief:

Because ot

the

"intelligent"

method adopted

for

throttle

adiustments,

a single adiustor

is

sufficient

for in-flight adiustments.

This makes operation

much simpler,

and

removes a

whole bundle of stress

from the

pilot.

Now to recap:

you

have two useful

adiustment

facilities:

on the one

hand

you

can

ad,ust the

"throttle

curve"

as

just

described;

on the

other

you

can

adiust collective

pitch

(the

hover setting) at any

time, using

the collective

oitch trim

slider.

The

"throttle

slider"

The throttle

slider can also

be used to

influence the

throt-

tle setting.

There are two

optional

modes of operation.

Normal

mode of operation

While

you

are

in this mode

oJ operation,

the slider

works

as a

"limiter"

for the

throttle. At any

time the

maximum

throttle

position

is

limited to the current

posi-

tion of the

throttle slider;

regardless

ot where

your

col-

lective

pitch

stick

is set, and

regardless of

how

you

have

set

uD the

throttle curve.

ln diaorammatic

form:

The throttle

slider

is set to the

value shown

in the dia-

gram

by

the dotted

line.

lf

you

now set the

collective

pitch

stick

to minimum

and slowly

push

it

towards

maxi-

mum, the

throttle at

first follows the throttle

curve shown

bv the

doudash

line. From

the

point

at

which the

two

lines

meet, the throttle

remains constant,

and

follows

the

dotted

line again.

lf

you

now set

the slider to a

lower

point,

so that

its

vaiue

is completely

below the

throttle curve,

then the

curve

has

no

effect,

and throttle

is controlled

entirely by

the slider.

Practical

application:

Using

the throttle

slider

you

can reduce

throttle

inde-

pendently

of the collective

pitch

position,

or, at

the other

extreme,

release

it again. lf

you

reduce throtlle

greatly

with the slider,

you

will drop below

the speed at

which

the centrifugal

clutch

"bites":

idle with

helicopter

"

landed".

The whole

thing in

reverse: the helicopter

is on the

ground;

throttle

is

"closed";

motor at

idle. To take off

push

the throttle and

revs

high

(collective

pitch

mini-

mum): the

"throttle

curve"

takes over,

and

with the

throttle

fully

released the

helicopter can

finally be taken

otf by

increasing collective

pitch.

"Direct

throttle"

mode of operation

In many cases

-

for example,

tor adiusting

the motor

-

the throttle

needs to be adjusted

without

any automatic

variation ot collective oitch.

In this case

a switch

is

used

to disconnect

the coliective

pitchlthrottle

coupling:

this

is termed

"Direct

throttle".

In this mode of operation

the throttle

is adiusted

directly,

using the slider

alone.

As usuä|,

you

have to tell the

transmitter

which switch

vou

want to use to select

"Direct

Throttle".

This is done

ät the

'Adjust

transmitter

controls"

menu, as a

transmit-

ter control

option under

COLLECIIVE

PITCH.

First move

to the

'Adiust

transmitter

controls"

menu,

select

the collEgllvE

PITcH transmitter

control,

press

the

N

key, and then

leaf through

with the

El

key

until

you

reach the

"

Direct

Throttle" option.

rrg db

You will see this:

rE:

t-:uLL.

TLr THF:1

lEF HF:tlTE:

r_rFF

r

Press

the

Z

key first, lhen switch

ON

with the

El

key,

and

finally select the switch

you

want to use

with the

El

and

E

keys.

Now

you

can switch

between

"throttle

coupled

to col'

lective

pitch"

and

"direct

throttle

control"

by means

ot

the

mechanical switch

you

have

just

selected.

Note:

The

idle

oosition

of

the throttle slider

is

switchable

between

"idle

back" and

"idle

forward", as

with fixed-

wing

models.

lt

you

wish to

do this,

move to the

"Adiusj

transmitter

controls"

menu

and select

the

THROTTLE

control.

You can

now select

the

"ldle"

option and

adjust

the throttle oosition

Jor the

"idle"

position

of the slider

and switch

between

forward

and back

(2,

then

tr)'

Switching

the

idle

position

is indicated

by the

prefix.

Auto-rotation

One switch

can

be dedicated

as an

auto-rotation

selec-

tor.

When

it is switched

to auto-rotation,

the transmitter

does

two things:

1.

lt

sets

the throttle

to a

pre-selected

setting

(idle

lor

practising;

OFF

tor competition

work).

2.

Any limit set

on collective

pitch

travel at

the

transmitter

control end

is lifted

(to

make f ull col-

lective

pitch

movement

available).

lf

you

do

not

require this

feature, adjust

collective

pitch

travel

at

the servo

only.

You

will now

probably

be

thinking:

'what

about

the tail

rotor?"

Normally, because

main rotor

power

torque

is

absent

during

auto-rotation,

the

mixing of collective

oilch to

tail rotor

has to be

removed.

The PROFI

mc 3010

offers

you

a very simple

and

elegant

feature:

you

simply

need to

move to the

"Servo

adiustment"

menu, select

"TAILROT",

and select

the

"doLLECIIVE

PITCH" input as

switchable,

then

assign

the

same switch

as for auto-rotation.

lf, for exam-

ple, you

select

the switch

"55"

for auto'

rotation

(we're

just'coming

to that!),

then

make the coLLEcTlvE

PITCH

input to

"TAILROT"

also switchable

by

"S5".

There

is a further

possible

refinement

to this;

please

read the

note at the

end ol this

section.

What

you

have

to adiust:

There

are two

points

to

remember

here:

1.

Set

the

"auto-rotation

throttle" to

"Fixed

Value"

2. Assign

the

"auto-rotation"

switch.

This should

tell

you

where

you

will

find auto-rotation:

it

is

"

hidden" under

THROTTLE.

To do

this,

move again

to the

"Transmitter

Optionsl

menu;

then on

to the

THROTTLE control.

Press the

N

key and

select

the

"FlX-1"

(fixed

value) option

with

the

E

keY.

You

will see

the following

display:

rE:

THHr:rT

FIll-1r

r[rFF

E]':r

First:

"auto-rotation

throttle"

Press the

Z

key

followed by

El,

then set

the desired

throttle

setting

in the usual

way with

the

El

or

E

keys,

or

the Digi-Adjustor;

0

-

100/o

is

a

good

starting

point.

Now define

the auto-rotation

switch:

Press the

Sl

key, then

select the

switch

you

want to use,

using

the

E

and

E

keys, as

usual;

for example

the

switch

"S5".

That's all there

is to

it.

Now to the

actual

problem.

For auto-rotation

the

collective

pitch

input

needs to be

switched

ofi.

This

is

the

procedure:

move to the

'SWITCH

SERVO"

menu and assign

the

"COLLEC'

TIVE PITCH"

inout to the

auto-rotation

switch 55.

Switch

the'INPUT'to

"F|XED

VALUE" and assign

the

switch

55

to that too, but

working

in the opposite

direc-

tion.

To

do

this,

with the input

field still active

(flashing),

oress E

.

Sample

display,

memory

15, BK 117:

r5EFI.

5: TH

I LF;ÜT.

r[:[rLL,

:

!,5+.

r

r5EFt.

5:

Trl I LF:r:rT.

rFiiiEtl:

-i5'+.+

r

The net etfect

is that by

operating

the switch

S5

you

close

the throttle,

set collective

pitch

otf, set a

(variable)

fixed value on,

and switch

to a second

collective

pitch

travel.

The travels

are

adjusted

in the SERVO

TRAVEL &

REVERSE

menu.

Gyro

suppression

"Suppression"

means

reducing

or eliminating

the

damping

effect

of the

gyro

when the

pilot

wishes

to

override

it. This is essential,

as

the

gyro

is only intended

to

reduce

unwanted

flight

movements due

to

gusts

etc.,

and

not to counteract

deliberate

efforts

on the

part

of

the

pilot.

There are

three basic

types ot

gyro:

1.

Gyros

with

no

special

facilities

tor

allowing

control

from the

transmitter.

Some

ol these

gyros

also have

a

"suppression"

effect,

which

is derived

from the

yaw

control signal

emanating

from

the

receiver.

These

gyros

have only

one connec-

tion

to

the receiver.

lf

you

are

using

this type

of

gyro,

you

do

not need

to assign

"GYRO'

to a transmitter

con'

irol

nor a servo.

There

is nothing else

to say

on this type

ol device.

5ö

2. Gyros

whose

sensitivity

can be altered

or switched

otf trom

the transmitter.

For this

type ot

gyro

a switched

transmitter

control

is

needed

(e.9.

channel

"G"),

which

is then assigned

to

the

"GYRO"

function;

you

will also

need a

"servo"

out-

put

by the

name

of

"GYRO".

This

is where the sensitiv-

ity sr,tiitcn

input

from the

gyro

is

connected.

"Automatic

proportional

suppression"

is of

no relevance

here

"Gyro

suppression"

at the

'GYRO"

transmitter

control

is therefore

set

to

"OFF".

3.

Gyros

with

proportional

sensitivity,

adjustable

from

the

transmitter.

This is the

type of

gyro

with

which we are

primarily

con-

cerned

here.

To

control

the sensitivity

of the

gyro

a spe-

cial

signal

is derived

from the

YAW signal

in the trans-

mitter, and

this signal

is then

transmitted

to the

gyro

via

the servo

outout

"GYRO":

this is termed

"automatic

gyro

control"

or

"automatic

gyro

suppression".

How suppression

works

The transmitter

generates

a

"suppress"

signal

which is

proportional

to the

tail rotor stick

position

(regardless

of

the direction

of

movement). This signal

is transferred to

the

"sensitivity

input" of the

gyro

via a separate

chan-

nel. The

further the stick

is moved, the more the sensF

tivity of the

gyro

is reduced; the

less sensitive

it

becomes.

the

less

effect

it has, and the

more the model

resoonds

to deliberate control

movements.

This

effect

is

represented

in Fig. 40. Fig.

40

a shows

the suppression

signal,

40 b the

corresponding

gyro

effect.

Fio.40 b

The

gyro

usually

has two adjustors

which are used

to

set

top and bottom

limits on

the sensitivity

range.

At the lransmitter

end a slider

or a switch can be

used

to control

"GYRO".

lf a slider

is used,

it becomes

possible

to adiust

"gyro

suppression"

steplessly

(not

to be confused

with

infi-

nitely

adjustable

suppression,

which is

proportional

to

stick

movement!).

In this case the

range of adjustment

is within

the limits set

on the

gyro

itself. Using a switch,

on the

other hand,

you

can

"only"

switch

between the

two

limits set on the

gyro.

In

practice,

this latter

facility

has

proved

to be

quite

adequate;

an

inlinitely adiustable

setting

is really one thing

too many

for most

pilots

to

cooe

with. Please

read the note at

lhe end of this

sec-

tion

in

this

connection.

The system

in

practice

We will suppose, as an

example,

that

you

have

assigned

"transmitter

control

H

=

GYRO"

and

"Servo

No. 6 controls

GYRO", as already

described.

As switch

lor the Gyro function

you

can use either

a

2-oosition

switch

with 2-core lead, or a 3-position

switch

with 3-core

lead. To be able

to exploit the

full

control

travel when

you

are using

a switch

with

a

2-core lead a

value of 1000/o must be set at

the

"Centre"

option.

Now all

that is left is to switch

automatic suppression

on.

Move

to

the

"Transmitter

Control

Options"

menu

and leaf through

to control H.

Press

N

and

the

El

and

E

keys to select

"AUTO".

You

will see this display:

rH:

tj'T'Fjt:t

HUT|_].

I

:;I-IFF'F:E:;:;:

üFF

r

Press the

A

key, then

E

.

"OFF"

is replaced by

"ON";

and that's

it.

.

Tip:

-

Connect a servo

(instead

of a

gyro)

lo the receiver

"GY-

RO" output

for this setting up

process.

You will then be

able to see

exactly how the suppression

effect

works.

With switch

H

set

to

OFF

and the tail

rotor stick at cen-

Fio.40 a

tre, the servo

will be at one end-point.

lf

you

now

oper'

-

ate

the stick, the servo

will run towards

the other end-

point,

its movement

proportional

to the stick

position;

regardless

ol which side the stick

is moved to.

lf

you

now set switch

H to ON, the servo

runs

straight

to

this end-point,

and is not affected

by movement ol

the

stick:

it receives the signal

"gyro

fully suppressed".

lf necessary:

Depending

on

your

particular gyro,

it may turn out that

the

suppression

works

"the

wrong way round";

i.e.

when the tail

rotor stick is at centre,

suppression

is at a

maximum, and

it reduces as stick

detlection

increases.

In this case

you

need to

move to the

"

Servo

adiust-

ment"

menu. Select

"TRAVEL

+

REVERSE" and leal

through

until

you

reach

"Servo"

No. 6. Press the

Sl

key, then

E.

You have

now

"

reversed"

gyro

suppres-

sron.

Supplementary

notes

1. Minimum

and maximum suooression

During

this description

we have assumed

that the

"cor-

ner values"

for

suppression

(maximum

and minimum

suppression),

between

which

you

can move using

the

switch

H, were set on the

gyro

itself, as explained

at the

beginning

of the section.

lf the

gyro

does

not otfer this

feature, or

you

want to

carry

it

out at

the transmitter,

then there

is

an alternative

method:

Move

to the

"Servo

adjustment"

menu, select

'TRAVEL

+

REVERSE", and set the

"travel"

of

gyro

suppression

as

you

wish.

When

you

adjust the

travel

(you

can do it separately

for both directions!),

all

you

are

doing

is

selting

the corner

values for

gyro

suppression

(see

Fig. 41).

o

+

59

-100s

2. ON/OFF switch

for

gyro

suppression

Gyro suppression

can

also be

switched

on and off

in

flight

with a

physical

switch.

All

you

have to do

is

assign

a switch

(e.9.

Sl

-

55)

under

the

"Suppression"

Ootion.

At the same

time this

switch can

be set

to

switch

in the Dual

Rates Option

for

yaw

control,

to

pre'

vent unwanted

tail

rotor servo

movement.

+100q6

Tad rolor

3üat(

Fig.41

The

transmitter

controls

You

may well

have read through

the

information

concerning

fixed-wing

models in order

to understand

how the

system

works

(no

bad

idea), but

please

note

that

you

must never adopt

the transmitter

control

desighations

of the

fixed-wing

pilot.

You

may be

tempted

to think:

aileron

-

well, that's

roll, and

lcan

remember

that

easily.

You may be

able to

remember

it,

but

that's

not

good

enough

for

your

transmitter.

Enter

"Aileron",

and

it will

give

up

with an error

message,

but usually

not until

you

have

finished

your

setting-up

procedure.

That's enough

of

the

preaching.

Assuminq

that

vour

transmitter

is at the Status

display,

press

t-he

kbys

EIZ

N Z

to

reach

ASSIGN

CONTROLS.

Activate the

input field

Z

and

press

the

El

key

to reach control

"4".

"A"

is the left-hand

stick unit

(the

letters are

printed

on

the

transmitter).

Release this

input field

with the

fl

key

(field

flashes).

Leaf through

the suggested

control

list with

the

E

or

El

keys until

you

find the

required

function.

For examole:

A controls

ROLL;

now

press

the

Z

key, and

E

once.

In the display

you

see

"B

controls

. . .

"

(something

or

other).

Press

5l

again,

and select

the

required

f

unction

with the

El

or

E

keys or the Digi

Adjustor.

B controls

COLLECTIVE

PITCH

(or,

if

you prefer,

PrTCH-AXrS).

The orocedure

should be

obvious

now

Continue

this

process

until

you

have assigned

functions

to all

the transmitter

controls

you

need.

Assign

"-----"

(Nothing)

to

controls

you

don't

need.

However,

please

don't

assign

the same

function

to

two controls,

e.g.

"E

controls

throttle

controls

throttle"! On

no account

forget

to assign

"THROTTLE"

to one

of the sliders

(E

or

F).

Now

you

will need

your

helicopter;

or at

least a

receiving

system

complete

with servos.

Go

back to

the

'ASSIGN"

menu with the

El

key, and

branch

to SERVO

with

S.

We

will begin with servo

No.3.

The servo sequence

is not binding,

but

please

keep to

our

suggestions

while we deal

with our examples.

60

Servo 3

is the servo

which controls

the tail

rotor. So

press

the

N

key again

(the

servo

No. will flashl and

move to servo

3 with the

El

key. Now

press

the

El

key

to release

the input

field

(field

flashes). Use the

E

or

El

keys or the

Digi Adjustor

to select

the

"TAIL

ROTOR"

mixer. ll

you

now move the

yaw

stick

(and

if

your

receiving system

is switched

on), the

tail rotor

servo

will move.

Move the collective

pitch

stick, and

the same

servo

should also

respond.

Normally

you

would assign all

the servos

in turn, and

then

make any

adjustments

necessary.

This time,

however,

we will run through

the

procedure

step

by

srep.

Press the

E)

key

repeatedly until

you

return to

Menu

1.

Branch to servo

Adjustment

with the

Z

key,

press

the

E

key

(CENTRE)

and check

that all

servos are at

Oo/o.

lf not,

press

Z

(input

field

flashes), set

them to 00/o

with the

El

and

E

keys, then

leave the

menu with the

@

key. Otherwise

leave the

menu immediately

with

@.

Nöw branch

to TRAVEL

+ REVERSE

with the

Z

kev.

You will see

this:

r5EFl.

5: TH I LFlr:rT.

r

+'-+Etil

Fl+

t,illllr.l

J

Check

the direction

of effect

of the

yaw

servo.

lf the

servo

rotates in the

wrong direction,

activate

the

appropriate

input field

with the

f)

key and

press

@

once: the

prefix

will

alter,

and

your

tail

rotor

servo

will

be

reversed

for the

yaw

input.

Now the collective

pitch

input:

Press

the

Z

key and

El

until

COLLECTIVE

PITCH

appears.

work out

in which direction

the

tail rotor must

deJlect

in order

to compensate

{or the torque

effect

of

the

main

rotor. lf necessary,

reverse

this for maximum

collective

pitch,

as described

for the

yaw

input.

r5EF:.

i: TIl

I LF:ÜT,

r

+f,tlr:i

[tt'

t-:t-]LL.r

A

good

starting

point

is about

300/0.

Your tail

rotor mixer

requires a lurther

input

(press

the

Z

key, then

El).

FIXED VALUE

You only

need this

if

your

helicopter

has a tail

rotor

which

continues

to rotate during auto-rotation.

More on

this under

"Auto-rotation".

The default

for FIXED

VALUE

is

"OFF"

("SWITCH

SERVO"

menu). For

now

leave it unchanged.

THROTTLE SERVO

Let's

move on to the

next servo. Leave the

Adjustment

menu

with the

@

key

and

move through

Menu 1,

Menu

2

and

Assign

to

"Assign

servos". Select

servo

6,

release

the

inout field, and select the

"THROTTLE"

function using

the

E

and

E

keys. Later,

if

you

wish to

set up

a mixer circuit

for aerobatic

flying,

you

would

select

"DYN.

THROTTLE" here.

For our experiment

we

will

stay

with

THROTTLE.

lf

you

now

push

the throttle slider

(the

usual control)

torward, and

operate the

collective

pitch

slick,

your

throttle servo should

move.

Here

again

we need to set a basic

adjustment,

and

SCIECT thE

THROTTLE CURVE.

Press

@

to

return to Menu

1, then branch

to the

"TRANSMITTER

CONTROU'

adjustment

menu.

Select OPTIONS,

then the Collective

Pitch control.

Using

the

N

selector key,

move on to

"CURVE".

Release

the input

f ield with

!

(ff

3 or

similar

flashes)

you

can select

a 3- or s-point

throttle

curve as

preferred,

using

E

or

E)

keys, set

the full throttle

position

with the

E

key

(ff

=

full throttle

forward, lb

=

full throttle back

-

more details

on

page

56).

After

releasing the

input field

you

can set up

the throttle

curve

with the

help of the collective

pitch

stick.

For a 3-ooint

curve:

tU

=

tdte

Up

HP

=

Hover Point

Throttle

maximum

(servo

travel)

And for a s-ooint

curve:

lU

=

ldle Uo

S-

=

Pre-idle

point

HP

=

Hover Point

S+

=

Pre-max. throttle

point

Throttle

maximum

(servo

travel)

Note here

that the throttle

slider should

be set to

full

throttle.

Now

to the

rotor head

This

is the only area

in which

model helicopters

exhibit

major

ditferences.

We will describe

5 difjerent

examples:

Schlueter

Heim

3-point

CPM

go-degree,

with virtual rotation

4-point CPM

with virtual

rotation

3-point

CPM

l2o-degree,

with virtual

rotation

lf

you

wish, skip

the examples

which are

of no interest

at

present.

SCHLUETER

That

means

no rotor

head mixing

(no

electronic

mixers).

Return to

Menu 1 with the

El

key, then

move

Io Menu

2, to ASSIGN

ANd

ASSIGN

SERVOS.

Now

select:

Servo

No. 1 controls

ROLL-axis

Servo

No. 2 controls

PITCH-axis

Servo

No.

4

controls

COLLECTIVE

PITCH

Naturally this set-up

will only

work if

you

connect

the

servos

to the corresponding

receiver output

sockets.

Return to Menu

l with the

El

key, then

go

to

Servo

Adjustment,

TRAVEL +

REVERSE.

Check

the direction of

rotation oJ the servos

and set up

the approximate

servo

travels.

To

do

this, activate the

appropriate

input field with

S,

set

the travels

with the

E

and

E

keys

(holding

the

transmitter controls

at the

corresponding

end-points)

for both sides

of centre.

You

can

reverse any of the servos

with the

trl

key

if

necessary.

HEIM

When

we

speak

of a

HEIM rotor head

(HEIMHEAD)

we

are

referring to the classic

version

with the freeJloat-

ing

pitch-axis

rocker

(see

also

page

55).

Return to

Menu 1 with the

E]

key, then move to

Menu 2

and

on to ASSIGN SERVOS.

Select

(Assign)

the servos as

tollows:

Servo

No. 1 controls

HEIMHEAD

Servo

No. 2 controls

PITCH

Servo

No.

4

controls

HEIMHEAD

The two

roll

servos

are connected

to the

receiver out-

puts

1 + 4, and

the

pitch-axis

servo

to output

2.

Use

the

@

key to return to

Menu 1, then on to Servo

Adjust-

ment, TRAVEL +

REVERSE.

First select servo

l and the Collective

Pitch input.

Operate

the collective

pitch

stick

-

look at servo

1 only

-

and check

the direction

of rotation of the servo.

Reverse

it il necessary.

Now look at servo

4. lf the direction

of rotation

for col-

lective

pitch

should be

wrong, switch to

this servo and

reverse the collective

pitch

input.

Now

for the two roll servos

and the

roll input: operate

the

ROLL stick and

watch the servos.

lf the direction

ot

rotation of one or both

servos

is incorrect, select

the

corresponding

servo,

then the

roll input, and set

the

correct direction

of rotation.

3-point

linkage,

90'degree

"HEAD-MlX"

The 90-degree

arrangement

is swiftly

losing

popularity

since

the distribution

of forces

is very inefficient.

Nev-

ertheless,

we

will describe the application

in

detail.

We assume

that

you

are at

the Status display.

Move

to

Menu 1 with the

El

key, then to

Menu 2 with the

El

key,

and then

via ASSIGN to

ASSIGN SERVOS.

There

you

assign the servos

as

lollows:

Servo

No.

1

controls

HEAD-MIX

Servo

No.

2

controls

HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 4 controls

HEAD-MlX

Once

more, to

remind

you:

Release

the SERVO

input line with the selector

key

[1.

Select

the servos

in turn

with the

E

or

E

keys.

Release the

Controls

field

again

with the selector

key

Z ,

and select

HEAD-MIX

with the

E

or

E

key.

Repeat the

process

with the second

servo, and so

on.

After

you

have assigned

the rotor

head

servos,

return to

Menu 1 using the

El

key and branch again

to SERVO

ADJUSTMENT. Select

Centre, and set

the

servo

centres. Check

here that the trim sliders

and

the transmitter

controls are set to

zerc

(Oo/o),

Return to the

"Servo

Adjustment" menu

with the

El

kev then branch

to TRAVEL +

REVERSE with the

seiector

key

Z

.

lmportant:

1. lt is essential

that

you

set the direction of

rotation of

the collective

pitch

inputs to the

head

servos

first.

Operate

the collective

pitch

stick, and

watch the

rotor

head servos. Check

carefully which servo

or

servos

rotate

in

the

wrong direction.

Select

the servo

concerned, then the Collective

Pitch

input, and

release the input field

(selector

key

5l).

Press the

tr

key to reverse the direction of

rotation of

that

input.

2. Select

the GEOMETRY

input for all the rotor

head

servos

in turn, and

set the

position

of each

servo in

degrees.

Now move to the

"SWITCH"

menu and

switch

on the Geometry

input for all

rotor head servos.

The

right-hand servo should be

90

degrees,

the

rear

servo

180 degrees, and the

left-hand servo

270

degrees.

lf

your pitch-axis

servo

lies in front oJ the

swashplate,

enter 0 degrees

instead of 180 degrees

for

servo

2.

/\z\

,t0"1

f

ro.

ll

\ /

Direction

\-,-/

of

flight

1800

lf

you

have

followed these instructions carefully,

all the

correct

roll-axis and

oitch-axis

movements will

now be

available

on

your

model.

3. lf

you

require

virtual rotation of the swashplate

for

your

helicopter, move to the

"SWITCH"

menu and

switch on the

"PHASE"

inDut

for one oJ the rotor

head

servos.

Now move to the

"TRAVEL

& REVERSE"

menu, and

from there

to the PHASE

input

(Z

and

EEI).

Select the degree

input

lield

\l

and set the

desired swashplate

rotation.

lf

you

hold the

pitch-axis

or

roll-axis stick at one

end-point,

you

will be able to

see

the change clearly.

4-point

linkage

"

HEAD-MlX"

The

4-point linkage

is

becoming

increasingly

popular.

Even

if one servo

lails

completely,

the

helicopter often

remains controllable,

and can be

"saved".

We assume

that

you

are at

the Status display.

Move to

Menu

l with the

E

key, then on to Menu

2 with the

Zl

key, on to

ASSIGN and finally to SERVO.

Assign the servos

as follows:

Servo

No. 1 controls

HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 2 controls

HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 4 controls HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 5 controls

HEAD-MIX

Once

more, to remind

you:

Release

the SERVO

input line with the selector

key

N.

Select

the servos

in

turn

with the

El

or

E

keys.

Release the Controls

field again

with

the selector

key

62

01,

and select

HEAD-MIX

with the

El

or

E

key.

Repeat

the

process

with

the

second servo, and

so on.

After

you

have assigned

the

rotor head servos,

return to

Menu 1 using the

E

key and branch again

to SERVO

ADJUSTMENT. Select

Centre, and set

the

servo

centres. Check

here that the trim slide6

and

the transmitter controls

are set to

zero

(0%).

Return to the

"Servo

Adjustment"

menu with the

El

key,

then branch

to TRAVEL

+ REVERSE

with

the

selector

key

Z

.

lmportant:

1. lt is essential

that

you

set the direction

of rotation of

the collective

pitch

inpuls to the head servos

first.

Operate

the collective

pitch

stick, and

watch the rotor

head

servos.

Check carefully

which servo or servos

rotate in

the

wrong direction.

Select

the servo concerned,

then the Collective

Pitch

input, and release the

input field

(selector

key

!).

Press the

El

key to

reverse the direction

of rotation of

that

input.

2. Select the GEOMETRY

input of all

the rotor head

servos

in turn, and set the

position

of each servo

in

degrees. Then

move to the

"SWITCH"

menu and set

the

geometry

input

for

all

the rotor head servos.

The right-hand servo should

be 90 degrees,

the rear

servo

180

degrees,

the left-hand servo

270 degrees,

and

the front servo 0 degrees.

o0

/\z\

27ool

fto"

U

\ ,/

Direction

\--.'

of flight

18oo

lf

you

have

followed these instructions carefully,

all the

correct

roll-axis and

oitch-axis

movements

will now

be

available on

your

model.

3.

lf

you

require virtual

rotation of the swashplate

lor

your

helicopter, move to the

"SWITCH"

menu and

switch on

the

"PHASE"

input lor one ot the rotor

head

servos.

Now move to the

"TRAVEL

&

REVERSE"

menu, and

lrom

there

to the PHASE

input

(Z

and

EE)).

Select

the degree input

field

S

and set the

desired

swashplate

rotation. lf

you

hold the

pitch-axis

or roll-axis stick at

one end-point,

you

will be able to

see the change

clearly.

3-point

linkage, 120-deg.

"HEAD-MlX"

The 3-point,

12o-degree linkage

is the most

popular

arrangemenr.

We

assume

that

you

are at

the Status display.

Move to

Menu

1 with the

E]

key, then on to

Menu 2 with the

Z

key, on to

ASSIGN and

linally to

SERVO.

Assign the servos as

lollows:

Servo No.

1

controls

HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 2 controls HEAD-MIX

Servo

No. 4 controls

HEAD-MIX

Once more, to

remind

you:

Release the SERVO

input line with the selector

key

B.

Select

the servos

in turn with the

El

or

E)

keys.

Release

the Controls field again

with the selector

key

Z

,

and select

HEAD-MIX

with the

E

or

E)

key.

Repeat the

process

with the second

servo, and so on.

After

you

have assigned

the rotor head servos,

return to Menu 1 using the

@

key and branch again

to

SERVO ADJUSTMENT.

Select Centre, and set

the

servo centres. Check

here that the trim sliders

and

the transmitter

controls are set

to zero

(00/o).

Return to the

"

Servo

Adjustment" menu

with

the

El

key,

then branch to TRAVEL +

REVERSE with the

selector

key

Z

.

lmportant:

1.

lt is

essential

that

you

set the direction

of rotation of

the collective

pitch

inputs to the

head

servos

first.

Operate

the collective

pitch

stick, and watch the

rotor

head servos.

Check carefully which servo

or

servos

rotate in the wrong direction. Select

the servo con-

cerned, then the Collective

Pitch input, and

release

the input

field

(selector

key

!).

Press the

E

key to

reverse the direction of

rotation of that input.

Select the GEOMETRY

input of all the

rotor head

servos

in turn. and set the

oosition

of each

servo in

degrees.

Move

to

the

"SWITCH"

menu and switch

on

the

geometry

input for all the

rotor head

servos.

The rioht-hand servo

should be 60 deqrees.

the rear

servo

-180

degrees and the

left-haid

servo

300

oegrees.

300,,//

\60"

f

\ ,/ Direction

\--./

of flisht

1800

lf

you

have followed these instructions caretully,

all the

correct

roll-axis and

oitch-axis

movements will now be

available

on

your

model.

3.

lJ

you

require virtual rotation of the swashplate

lor

your

helicopter, move to the

"SWITCH"

menu

and

switch on the

"PHASE"

inout lor one ot the rotor head

servos. Now

move

to the

"TRAVEL

&

REVERSE"

menu, and

from there to the

PHASE iHput

(Z

and

EE).

Select

the

degree

input

field

S]

and set

the

desired swashplate

rotation. lf

you

hold'the

pitch-axis

or

roll-axis

stick

at one end-point,

you

will

be

able to

see

the change clearly.

This

setting-up

procedure

produces

the

program

required for

your

model. You can now set up the trav-

els according

to

your

own experience

or the informa-

tion

provided

by the

helicopter manufacturer. Use an

angle

jig,

or check the settings by eye.

Teacher/Pupil operation

(sometimes

known as

the

"buddy-box"

system)

is

the best

method of learning to

control

a radio-controlled

model, Jrom the

point

of

view

of

model longevity.

"Teachet"

and

"Pupil"

have one

transmitter each,

inter-connected by

the Teacher/Pupil

lead,

Order

No. I 5121. Only

the teacher's transmitter

radiates an

RF

signal.

The

pupil's

transmitter

gener-

ates

a signal, but

it is not broadcast at

Radio Fre-

quency;

instead

it is transferred to the

teacher trans-

mitter through the cable,

where it

is

"processed".

For this

reason it is

vital

that only

basic signals

come

from the

pupil's

transmitter

-

no mixed

sig-

nals at all!

lf mixed

signals

are sent

to the teacher's

transmitter,

these signals

would be

processed

twice.

Assign the transmitter

controls of the

pupil's

trans-

mitter as follows:

e.g.

A controls

aileron B controls

throttle, etc.

and continue:

Servo

No. 1 controls

aileron Servo

No. 2 controls

elevator, etc.

lf

you

are using a difterent

transmittet e.g.

ROYAL

mc, be sure

to

switch

all

mixers

"OFF"

at the

pupil's

transmitter.

The

pupil's

transmitter does

not require an

RF

module.

However,

if

one

is fitted, it is automatically

switched

out of circuit

when the

lead is

plugged

in.

The teacher's

transmitter has to be

fitted with a

Teacher/Pupil

switch, by

means of which he can alter-

nate between

"pupil

has control" and

"teacher

has

control",

and can therefore

intervene whenever danger

threatens.

Teacher/Pupil operation

is basically restricted to the

four

main

stick

functions

(more

than this

is

unneces-

sary, and

is not recommended

in

any

case).

One

special advantage olfered

by the PROFI

mc

3010

transmitter

is that individual control

functions

-

e.g.

just

rudder, or

just

rudder

and elevator

-

can be trans-

terred, so that the

pupil

can

"learn

the

ropes" in

easy

srages.

We will assume

from now on that the

PROFI mc

3010 transmitter

is the

"teacher"

unit.

The tollowing types can be

used as the

pupil

trans-

mitter:

Naturally, other

PROFI mc 3010 /3030 transmilters;

any

other MULTIPLEX

transmitter

which is f itted with a

"diagnosis"

(closed

loop, or direct

servo control)

socket.

These

include

"

ROYAL

mc";

"COMBI"

and

"COMBI

90", Cockpit"

and

"

EUROPA-Sprint".

The teacher transmitter

must be

fitted with a

Teacher/Pupil switch.

The lollowing types of switch

can

be used:

ON/OFF switch,

long toggle Order

No. 7 5698 ON/OFF

switch,

short toggle Order

No. 7 5697

The best

locations for

"ouick

access"

to the switch are

bays

1,

Z

6,

12

(see page

5).

The

plug

from the switch

must

be

connected

inside

the

transmitter to the

"US"

connector;

see

page

7. lt

does

not matter which

way

round

you

insert the connector,

but make sure that

the

switch itself

is

the

right way round.

This is

explained

on

page

66

under

"Testing

the lransmitter

controls".

The two transmitters are

inter-connected by

the

Teacher/Pupil

lead, Order

No.8

5121.

The lead

is

simply

plugged

into both transmitter

charge sockets.

Caution:

The

ROYAL mc Co-Pilot lead Order

No. I

5122 cannot be used!

AE

1. Essential adjustments to the

Pupil

transmitter

a.) lf

it is not

a

PROFI mc

3010/3030 transmitter

set

the transmitter to

"PPM"

transmission mode

(as-

suming that

it has

two transmission modes). Switch

off any

mixers, Dual Rates

etc.

which may

be

in

lorce.

Set all the transmitter stick trims to centre.

At this

point you

should also check

which

servo

num-

bers

(=

666nna1

numbers)

are controlled by the trans-

mitter sticks. To do this, operate the

sticks

and check

at the

receiver which

servo

moves

and

which receiver

outDut

it is connected to.

Note down these

four

channel

numbers;

you

will need

them

later when

setting up the Teacher transmitter.

It is not

necessary

to

reverse

the transmitter controls,

or swap

plugs

over. Similarly

it makes no

difference

whether the

pupil,

lor example, f lies

"aileron

(helicop-

ter:

roll) right"

ot

"

lett"

i

the same applies to

"throttle

(collective pitch)

right" ot

"

left". These individual

pref-

erences are taken care of later when the Teacher

transmitter

is

set uD.

b)

For PROFI mc

3010

transmitters:

Here

the setting up

procedure

is

simple;

you

just

need

to

set

the transmitter to

"

Pupil mode".

To do this

move

to the

'"PUP|L"

menu, with the

key

seouence

@EaZ

.

You

will

see the

following

display:

--

FUFIL f,liltiE

--

I:;

: r_rFF

r

Press

Z

and then

tr.

'OFF'

is replaced

by

"ON".

That's all there is to it. Leave the menu and return to

the Status display

with

El E El

When

you

wish to return to

"normal

tlight operations"

later,

switch

back in exactly the same way.

In the top line ol the display the model name and

'Pupil"

will tlash alternately. This is the transmit-

ter's way of telling

you

that

it is in

"Pupil

mode".

This

mode is maintained

until

it is

switched

out

agaln

-

even if the transmitter is switched otf in the

meantime,

Here again,

you

will need to check which servo

(chan-

nel number) operates

which

control

function. You can

find this

information in the

"Assign

servos" menu;

there

you

will find something like this:

"Servo

No.3 controls

RUDDER";

"Servo

No.2

controls

ELEVATOR", and so on.

2.

Essential

adjustments

to the

Teacher transmitter

Here things

get

a

little more

complicated;

the PROFI

mc 3010 transmilter

gives you

so

many options that

you

are

forced to choose between them:

You

can

in tact arrange the sticks of the teacher

and

pupil

transmitters

in

a diflerent

layout. For

example,

the

pupil

can

fly

"aileron

left", and the

teacher

"aileron

right"; neither needs to depart

from his usual ways.

64

Even this is not so terribly difficult

to set up; all

you

need to know

is how

your pupil

usually llies.

There is

a special

menu lor these adiustments

in the

Teacher transmitter: the

"TEACHER"

menu.

You reach

this

menu with the key sequence

@ tr N A

.

You will

see

this:

.'+l:ll

LEE:

.'+:;Ft-tI

L

.r+FtLl[r[rE,r+ELEI-1fi

Note:

The

"arrangement"

and

type of the four main stick

functions in this menu

are based

on the model which

has

been selected

as the

"Teacher"

model. The menu

may

therefore

look

slightly different

in

some cases.

For

example, the ailerons may be in a different

"corner";

if

the model is a helicooter the control functions will

appear as collective

pitch,

roll,

pitch

and

yaw.

Now

you

have to tell the transmitter which channel

(=

servo) numbers of the

pupil's

system are to be taken

over by the

4

main control

functions.

For

example,

press

the

Z

key. The

slash sign

(i)

before

"+

rl I LEE0H' starts flashing.

lf

you

now

press

the

El

key, the

slash

is replaced by a

"1";

press

again, and

it

becomes

"2",

etc.

This means:

Channel

1

(or

2,

etc.)

in the

pupil

transmitter will be

taken

over

as the aileron signal in the teacher

transmitter, and

"replaces"

the teacher's aileron

stick.

lf

you

leave the

slash unchanged,

nothing will be

taken over, and control of ailerons

remains with

the

teacher,

lf it turns out that the control tunction is reversed

when the

pupil

is in control, simply

press

the

E

key while the channel number

is

still

flashing. The

"

-

"

arrow

will

be

replaced

by a

white

arrow on a

black background

(inverse

video); this

indicates

that

the direction of rotation is reversed when it is

"taken

over".

Assign

the

remaining three control Junctions in the

same

way.

The four

"arrow

keys"

are each

used to activate one of

the

four

control

function assignments in the menu.

Caution:

When

trying out the system, do

not forget to

set

the

Teacher/Puoil switch to

"ON":

otherwise the svstem

won't work at all!

And by the by ...

It is vital to determine

{irst

which channel

number

on

the teacher's transmitter controls

which function. Alter-

natively,

you

can

iust

try everything out

when

you

set

up

the system.

(although

in that case

you

would not

really

"understand"

what was

going

on).

We recommend that

you

practise

these

adiust-

ments

several

times

belore

you go

to the flying

field. At the take-off

strip

you

will not find the

atmosphere

quite

as

peacetul

as in

your

workshop.

You will undoubtedly have to change something or

other

at the flying site, tor example, when

you

want

to transfer

more

or

fewer control tunctions to the

pupil.

The

Rserve

Battery

$ctem

Tn

ns m itf-r; r c o

ntrc I testrhgl

The

Reserve Battery System

Many car drivers,

despite

having a large lueltank and

an

accurate

fuel

gauge,

carry

a reserve fuel can

in their car:

getting

stuck

with an empty tank

is

unpleasant,

and can

be dangerous.

lf

your

transmitter

"runs

out of

juice"

while

you

are

using it, then that

is rather worse than

unpleasant:

it usually

means the loss of the

model, not

to mention other

dangers.

The

reserve battery is a

form of safety net to

guard

against such

nasty surprises.

lt

gives you

a solid

reserve

operatrng

period

of about

15 minutes.

That is

enough

to

get

any model safely

onto the

ground

in one

piece.

How

it works

The reserve

battery is automatically

charged up

when-

ever

the main battery

is recharged,

through a special

electronic

circuit.

lt

cannot

be overcharged.

ln fact,

you

never need to

think about it at all under

normal circum-

stances.

lf the

voltage of

your

main transmitter battery

falls to the danger

point

and

the

audible

monitor signal

sounds,

then

you

can select

your

"utterly

certainf'

safety

system,

by manually switching

to the

reserve battery.

We

chose

this method of switching

deliberately.

The monitor

lamo will

flash for all the time the transmitter

is switched

to the

reserve battery. Because

of the flashing

lamp

you

are

bound to be aware

that the transmitter

is being sup-

plied

from the

reserve battery

if

you

switch on again

later. tor examole.

Charge

current

and charge

period

The automatic

charge circuit

for the

reserve battery

bleeds

oft a current

of about 30

mA from the charge cur-

rent

which is supplied

to the transmitter.

As most charg-

ers oroduce

a constant

current,

the main transmitter

bat-

tery

is

deprived

ot

that 30 mA, and

you

should therefore

charge

for

longer than

normal. The charge

period

should

always

be calculated

from the residual current

which is

fed to the main battery.

Here is an example:

Current

from charger

=

200 mA

Charge

period

increases by 30/200

=

0.15

=

150/0

lf

you

have a charger

with switchable or

selectable cur-

rent ranges,

you

can, of course,

increase the charge

rate

by about

30mA, and

your

normal charge

period

will be

unchanged.

Rapid-charging

The reserve

battery is always

charged at

the

"normal"

current,

i.e. at the

14-hour rate

-

even

if

you

rapid-

charge

the

main battery.

lf

you

slow-charge

the main

battery

in the normal

way, then the

reserve battery

will

always

be

fully charged.

However, if

you

usually

use a

rapid-charging

technique,

it may happen

that the charge

period

is not sufficient

to compensate

for the self-dis-

charge

tendency

oJ the reserve

battery.

This is more

likely at

high temperalures,

or if

you

do

not use the sys-

tem

for a considerable

time. For this

reason always

give

a slow

charge every

10th cycle

-

which

you

ought

to do

in any case

for other

reasons.

lf

you

have cause to use

the reserve

battery,

you

must slow-charge

the battery at

least

once before

using it again

lnstallation

Switch

the transmitter

oft, then open

the back and

place

it inverted on

the workbench.

The next step

is

to

withdraw the

battery cradle

Jrom the transmitter

case,

which is

now tacing

you.

Pull it upwards caretully,

holding

it

at both

ends

(see

Fig. 42).

Place the

reserve

battery

unit in the bottom

right-hand

corner,

over the

mounting eyes

provided

for it, and

retain it with the

4

screws

and eyelets supplied

(Fig.

43). Caution

-

make

sure

the eyelets are

the right way

round

(Fig.

44).

To

do

this,

please

refer to Fig.

46. First

pull

out the

bridging

plug

adjacent

to the

RF module; it is

no longer

needed.

A ribbon cable

is

supplied

in the set:

insert

one

ot the two

plugs

(either

will do) on

the ribbon cable

into the

vacant socket.

Now

bend

the ribbon cable

as

shown

in Fig. 47 and deploy

it as shown.

Insert the

plug

into the socket

on the reserve battery

unit.

It is not

possible

to connect this

with reversed

polarity,

but

please

refer to Fig. 47 in any case.

Fig.44

Fig.45

Select one

of the switch bays

(we

recommend bay

10),

cut away one

of the holes completely

and

install the

change-over

switch. Deploy the

connecting cable

lrom

the switch

to the battery as

shown in

Fig. 45. Take care

here, to avoid damaging

or

jamming

any ot the wires.

Once

you

have checked that

the wires are deployed

exactly

as shown

in Fig. 45, especially

where they run

around

the main battery,

and that

they cannot

get

tan-

gled,

replace the cradle

and

main battery

(the

lugs in

the

cradle must be connected

to

the mounting eyes

in

the casing).

Now

you

have to complete the

connection between

the

reserve

battery unit and the

transmitter electronics.

Fig.

42 Fig.43

Fig.45

Fig.46

Fig.

47

oc

Now check

everything one

last time. Convince

yoursell

that the

ribbon cable

cannot obstruct

the stick

mechanics.

and

vou

are

done. Close

the transmitter.

From

this time on

please

be sure

to slow-charge

your

transmitter

as often as

possible,

so that

you

can

be

sure

that the reserve

battery

is fully charged.

The

"Transmitter

Control

Test" menu

All the sliders and

switched

functions

must

be

installed

in

a

particular

orientation.

lf they are

installed the

wrong

way round, the aids

to adjustment

in the menus

will be

incorrect.

You will be aware

by now that

the

transmitter

only

"recognises"

the sliders

and switches

under

their abbreviations

E

-

I,

51

-

S5 and

LS, while

you

undoubtedly

prefer

to remember

their

English

descriptive

names.

This

menu is used

to

do

two things:

1.

You can establish

whether the sliders

and switches

are

installed the

"right

way round",

and/or con-

nected to the

main

circuit

board correctly.

This is

only usually

in

question

when

you

install extra

switches,

but it also applies

if

you

wish

to relocate

the

switches

to

suit

your personal

preference.

2. You can

tind out

quickly,

and

without opening

the

transmitter,

where any

particular

switch

(which you

know by the designation

printed

on the sticker)

is

plugged

in at the

main

circuit

board,

i.e. under

what

designation

the transmitter

"

knows" it.

But f irst a

minor correction:

the term

"transmitter

con-

trol" test

is not

quite

accurate,

because

you

cannot

test

the two transmitter

stick units

-

simply because

there

is

no need to do so.

In fact, this

menu can be

used

to tesl all the switches,

i.e. even

those which are

not strictly

"transmitter

controls'

You will

recall

(page 12) the following:

Transmitter

controls

"move"

something

on the

model

directly:

sticks and sliders

are

typical transmitter

con-

trols. But switches

can also

be transmitter

controls

if

they are

connected

to

"transmitter

control"

connec-

tions,

or

letters

-

inputs

A

-

|

(e.9.

a switched channel

switch

-

G or

H). There are also

coupling and

change-

over

switches,

which include

Dual-Rates switches

and

the

Teacher/Pupil

switch.

They

are

designated

51

-

55

and

LS.

Finally there

is the

"Memory"

change-over

switch,

which has

its

own

special

function

(see

page

68), and

which belongs

to

neither

group.

lt is

desig-

nated

"

M".

Now

we have

iogged

your

memory, back

to business:

The

TEST menu

is

under

the

"ADJUST

TRANSMIT-

TER CONTROLS"

menu. From the Status

display,

you

reach

it with

El

and

N.

Select the

point

TEST with the

Z

key. You

will

see

the following

display

(the

arrow

directions

do

not

concern

us

for the moment):

I::TF:L,IT

F

IJ

H

I

rltü='t'---

Fig.

a

Fig. b

Fig.

a

In

Figure a

you

will see the

"

names" of the coupling

and

change-over

switches;

the

"M+"

at

far right

stands

for the

"Memory"

switch.

Operate

the aileron

Dual-Rates switch

(far

left): the

arrow under

"51"

will reverse.

oo

This should

tell

you

two

things.

1. The aileron

Dual-Rates switch

is connected to

"51".

2. lf the direction of

the arrow and

the

position

of

the

switch

toggle are

the same, then

the switch

is installed

correctly.

Try the same

with the other

Dual-Rates switches

and

the Combi-Switch.

You

should

find this arrangement:

Dual Rates aileron

=

51

Dual Rates elevator

=

52

Dual Rates

rudder

=

53

Combi-Switch

=

55

This is the

"

tactory-standard

"

switch arrangement

(al-

though

you

do

not need to

keep to it). Naturally

the

arrows can

only be reversed

if the switches

are

installed. Nothing

is

connected

to these inputs as

standard-

When

you

operate

the

Memory

change-over

switch

the

"0"

(centre

position

of switch) should

change to a

"1"

ot a"2".

lf

you

subsequently

tit

another

switch,

or move an

existing switch

to a

new location,

it may be that

the

arrow direction

and

the

position

of

the switch

tog-

gle

are

not the same.

In this case

you

must turn

the

switch

itself

round. Don't

reverse the

plug

at

the

circuit

board

-

that has

no

ettect!

Now

to Fig. b,

which

you

will

not

see

until

you

press

@.

In Figure b

you

will see

the transmitter

control desig-

nations

E

-

l; under each

one either an arrow

or a

hori-

zontal

line. It

you

move the

left-hand slider

forward, the

arrow under

"E"

should also

point

forward

(up).

When

you

move the slider back,

the arrow should

reverse.

lf

you

move the slider

slowly around

its centre

point,

you

will

find a

position

at

which lhe arrow

is replaced

by a

horizontal

line. This is the exact

"electrical"

cen-

tre

point.

Component

tolerances

may

result in this

position

being slightly

different

from the scale

printed

on

the transmitter,

but in

practice

this

makes no differ-

ence.

lf no transmitter

control

is

connected

to one of the con-

trol

inputs

(G,

H, I

as

standard)

then this

horizontal line

will appear

there at all

times.

ll

a

transmitter

control

is fitted the

wrong way

round,

i.e. the direction of

the switch

toggle is

not

the same as

the direction

of the arrow

in the dis-

play,

then

reverse its

plug

at the

main

circuit

board.

$

@

Fig.48

Fig.49

5tjtliI45Ll'1+

.t. 't'

.t 't' .t .t.

til

Please note this difference

between

the

transmitter

controls

and

the other switches,

as

described

above,

It is

quite

difficult to describe

these

checks, but

you

will

find that they only

take a

moment to carry out!

Fig.50

Fig.51

Accessories

Stick

tops

The transmitter

is supplied

with 3

pairs

of stick

tops:

short,

medium-length,

and

long.

Each one

can be adjusted

in

length by about

10mm.

Select

the

length which suits

your preference.

To

adjust

or change

the stick

top, rotate the

grip

until

you

teel

it

"unlatch",

then

adjust the

length or

pull

it

off

altogether.

Slip

the new

grip

into

place,

set

it to the

required

length, then turn

it through about

180 degrees

(Fig.

52).

Stick

press-button

The long and

medium-length

stick tops

can be fitted

with a

press-button (momentary

contact),

as shown

in

Fig.

53. This can

then be used

either as a

"transmitler

control"

or as

a reversing or

coupling switch.

Using

the

press-button:

As a

transmitter control:

actuating

a tow'release

mechanism

As change-over/coupling

switch: operating

the stopwatch

Stick

switch

It is also

possible

to tit an ON/OFF

switch

to the stick

rop.

The advantage

of this

form of switch

is that

you

can

see

and

teel the current

position

of

the switch at

any

time.

Applications:

Fixed

wing: flap switch

tow

release

Helicopter:

auto-rotation

switch

The

press-button

and

switch can

only be

installed by

the

MULTIPLEX Service

Department.

Please contact

us

if

you

want the

job

done;

addresses

are

in the

aooendrx.

Relocating or

installing switches

The switches

and their

location on

the standard

transmitter

have been chosen

carefully

to meet most

modellers'

practical

requirements.

However,

you

are

free to move

the

switches

to suit

your

own

preference.

The transmitter

is supplied

with two

blank

switch

panels

and

legend sheets

to help

you.

Additional

switches are available

in

several

versions.

lf

you

wrsh to rearrange

the

layout of

your

transmittet

please

bear in

mind the following

points:

The Digi-Adjustor can

only be

titted in switch bays

1, 2,

5 and

6

(see

page

5); its

mounting bracket obstructs

one adjacent switch

bay.

lf

you

have switches

with a short

toggle

installed, other

switches

with a

long toggle should only

be fitted in

the

row

furthest from

you.

lf

you

want to change

the switch

layout

you

must first

remove

the existing

switches; undo

the

knurled nuts

using

the special spanner

supplied

with the set.

lf

you

want to re-locate

the Digi-Adjustor,

undo

the

grubscrew

and

remove

the rotary

knob.

With the switches

removed,

you

can

press

the existing

switch

panel

out of the

transmitter

from the inside,

by

squeezing

its central

snap fixing and

pushing

it out.

ll

you

wish to change

the

position

of the

Digi-Adjustor,

you

must remove

the switch

panel

first.

Please note

that

the washer on

the fixing screw

is not symmetlical,

as

the spacing

of the switch

bays

in the right/left

direction

is different

lrom the

fore/aft direction.

Turn the

washer

as necessary,

and check

that the shaft

of the

Adjustor is central

in

its hole. The

fixing screw can

be

re-tightened

when this

is the case.

It is best

to cut out

the holes

you

need in the

new

switch

panel

before

you

install

it in the transmitter.

As

the

plastic

is much

thinner at the

hole

positions,

this

can

easily be

done with a sharp,

pointed-blade

modelling

knife.

Caution:

the switch

panels

only fit one

way round

-

take care

not to cut

out the

wrong holes!

lf necessary,

the MULTIPLEX Service

Department

will help

you

out

with

a

new

panel.

Install the switch(es).

Before tightening

the fixing

nut

permanently

and deploying

the connecting

leads, run

through

the

"Transmitter

Control

Test"

(see

page

66),

to ensure

that the switches

are installed

the right

way

round.

You will

find more details

about switches

on

page

7

("Connectors

on the

main electronics

circuit

board")

and

page

12

("Transmitter

controls and

switches").

Fig.53

r-rg.52

ot

The

final

job

is to apply the self-adhesive

stickers in the

deoressions

next to the switches.

Remove

each

sticker

in turn, using a

pair

of tweezers or

fine-nosed

pliers,

place

it in the depression

in the switch

panel,

and

press

it

down

firmly

(Fig.

54).

lf we have not

provided

a sticker

printed

with

your particular

application, use the all-yel-

low stickers and

wnte

the

inscription with a felttip

pen.

Fig.54

Hand supports,

weather shield

lf

you

want to use the transmitter as a belly-mounted

unit,

hand supports

with integral folding neckstrap

bars

(Fig.

56) are

available.

Fig.56

For further details,

please

refer to the instructions sup-

plied

with the hand supports.

Frg.55

fur

$rperts

Switching

memories

"in

flight"

This new,

powerful

facility is one turther important step

towards everybody's

"dream

radio control system".

The

principle

is very simple:

For one and

the same model

you

provide

two

(or

even

three)

separate

memories. The

"lists"

stored

in

them

are different.

You can then switch between

the differ-

ent

lists

(or

memories)

at

any time.

The

differences

between the

lists

can be

as small or as

great

as

you

think

fit

-

the scope

of this teature is

really

limited only by

your

imagination. For example,

the two

lists could share the same

"basic

configura-

tion", but

have

qurte

diflerent adjustment

values. On

the other

hand,

you

might wish to have a totally differ-

ent

list that

you

can call up.

For example,

imagine a

glider

with

a complex

wing f lap

system.

You could

provide

a

"tow

launch configuration",

a

"normal

configuration" and

a

"speed

configuration".

The different configurations

would have different

move-

ments

of different

pairs

of

control

surtaces, and control

surface

throws

would

also be

difterent. Fans of the

flying

wing

layout will now be

pricking

up their ears.

Incidentally, such

"configuration

modifications" are

also used

in full-size aviation;

"f

ly

by

wire" technology

is the

key

there.

One

further

important application is

"inverted

flight

switching"

for a

helicopter. In this case several control

eflects

and basic adjustments

have to be changed

simultaneously.

The

solution

is obvious: one

memory

for

normal flying, and one

for inverted tlight.

have

always

struggled

with

this

problem,

as so

much has to be changed.

In the case of

the

PROFI

mc 3010

you

can create

a more or less com-

pletely

"new"

list tor inverted

flight, and there are

virtu-

ally

no restrictions on

what

you

can

do.

And now the system

in

practice:

There is

little we

can

say specifically about

the

"sec-

ond"

or even

"third"

list; it all depends on

your particu-

lar application.

lf

you

aim

mainly

at changing

a few set-

tings, then

the

simplest

method

is

to copy

the

"starting

68

list", then change the appropriate

values. In other

cases

it may be necessary to create an

entirely new

list. Bear in mind that

you

are

free

to change

every

aspect

of the second list,

including modifying the mix-

ers,

re-defining the change-over switches, and so

on.

One

important

condition:

the memory to

which

you

wish to change

must

be

the next higher one in

seouence.

or

-

in the case o1 two alternative

lists

-

the next-but-one

in

seouence.

Example:

the

"normal"

memory

for

the

model is No.

11. You

can

then change to No. 12 and

No. 13.

You actually change

memories using the

"Memory"

switch.

lf

you

move

to

the

"Transmitter

control test"

(see

page

66), the screen

will

show

the memories to

which

you

can switch

in each

position.

At

one end-

point

of the switch

you

will

see

the display

"M

+ 1",

in

the other

"M

+ 2".

In our example

"M

+ 1" would be memory

No. 12;

You may have to copy

the

contents

of

your

memories

to adjacent

locations, in order to be able to switch

between

them.

Now there

is

one

more

safety

feature to be overcome.

lf

you

could switch between

one memory and

its

neighbour too easily, then one accidental

movemenl of

the switch

would be fatal. For examole,

if

the

model in

the adjacent

memory happened to be entirely different

from the one

you

were

currently

flying.

For this reason

we have

determined

that the name

of

the model must end

(eighth

character) in a

number,

il

that

memory is to be selectable

in flight.

Only

then is

it

possible

to

switch

between them.

Example: Memory

No. 7

contains

"CORT|NA1".

lf the

model in memory

No.8 is

"CORT|NA2",

then it is

pos-

sible

to switch between them.

lf Memory No.9 con-

tained

"CORTINA3",

then

you

would also be able to

select

that memory in

flight.

lf

you

try to switch memories

without naming the lists

in this

way,

you

will

just

hear a brief beep

when

you

operate the Memory Switch.

Three

turther tips on

this subiect.

1. In

the example

above

you

could

use

the names

"CORT-T11"

instead ol

"CORTINAI',

"CORT-NF2"

instead of

"CORTINA2"

and

"CORT-HS3"

instead of

"CORT|NA3".

In this case

TL

stands

for tow

launch,

NF for normal

flight, and

HS for

high speed.

The

names

will then remind

you

of which

list serves

which

purpose.

The f

inal numbers

must remain; but

they are

not

very inlormative

on their own.

2. lI

you

change

memories

in the

"normal"

way

trom

the keypad,

please

check

that the

Memory Switch

is in

the

"basic"

position.

Otherwise

the

following

will hap-

pen: you

want to change

to, say, Memory

No. 13.

Let's

suppose

that it contains

a

model list which

you

have

set up as

a

"switchable"

one.

lf the Memory

Switch

is

in the

wrong

position,

the

transmitter

immediately

changes

to the

new

memory, and instead

of No.

13

you

end uo at

No. 14 or

No. 15. This can

lead to consider-

able confusion.

3.

Please don't

use this

Jeature tor

"simple"

switching

tasks; it always

"costs"

you

one or two

memories.

For

example,

you

could execute

a simple change

of cam-

berchanging

f lap by switching

memories; but

it is

just

as easy

to use the

"Fixed

Value"

from the

Transmitter

Control

options,

and this alternative

would

not

swallow

up another

memory.

Servo

assignment

for wings

with

more than

two controlsurfaces.

On

page

26 we discussed

the

"traditional"

assigning

process

for the aileron

servos

of models

with wings

fea-

turing separately

controlled,

electronically

differentiated

ailerons.

The recommended

assignment

is as follows:

Servo

No. 1

=

Aileron 1

Servo

No. 5

=

Aileron

2

For

wings

which have

more than 2 control

surfaces,

all

of

which act

as

(mixed)

ailerons,

and all

of which are

to

feature differential

movements, this assignment

can

no

longer be

used.

Exahple:

"Quadro-flap"

arrangement

(see

page

91).

In such

cases

the servos

must be

assigned

"in

sequential

pairs".

An example

will make this

clear:

In the drawing

we show an

"extreme"

wing

layout, with

3 control surfaces

per

wing, all of which

are to work as

ailerons,

and all

of which

require diflerential

movemenl.

We

have already explained

how

you

control the six ser-

vos

(with

the

"QUADRO"

mixer); we

have

also

dis-

cussed

selecting

and adiusting

the

"Differential"

ootion. Now all

that remains

is the order

of the six ser-

vos at the assignment

stage.

In our example,

assigning

"

in sequential

pairs"

works

out

like this:

Servo

No. 1 controls QUADRO

I

Outboard

pair

Servo

No. 2

controls QUADRO I

of control

surfaces

Servo

No. 3 controls QUADRO

I

Centre

pair

Servo

No. 4 controls

OUADRO J

of control surfaces

Servo

No. 5 controls QUADRO

I

Inboard

pair

Servo

No.

6

controls

QUADRO I

of control

surfaces

This should

make everything

clear.

lf

you

have only

two

servos

per

wing

panel, (normal

Quadro

arrangement),

simply

stop at

No. 4.

lf

you

do

not keep to this sequence,

differential

aileron

movement

will not be correct.

Fig.57

The

"Sl"

switch

We have already

mentioned the

"Sl"

switch

on

page

36,

in connection

with the transmitter

control

options

"

Fixed

Value 1" and

"Fixed

Value 2".

You may have

noticed already

that

"Sl"

is offered in the

menus

when

assigning

the switches

51

-

52.

What

is

"Sl"?

"Sl"

is

another

"non-hardware"

switch,

(i.e.

a software

switch),

in this case

coupled

to the transmitter

control

input

"l".

Firstly,

"Sl"

is

a

"three-position

switch",

i.e. it

has an

"idle

position"

in the centre,

and a

"working

position"

at both

end-Points.

lf,

for example,

you

connect

a slider

control to

"1",

and

if the slider

is set

to centre, then

"Sl"

is

also

at

idle

(OFF).

lf

you

move the slider

to one end-point,

then

one

side

of

"Sl"

switches

on. lf the slider

leaves

the end-

point

again,

"Sl"

switches off

immediately.

At the other

end-point

of the slider

the same

applies;

only

in this

case

the other

"side"

of

"Sl"

is switched

on and off.

ln this case

"Sl"

has the same

effect as

if two end-

ooint switches

were

fitted to

the slider.

With

a

little

imagination

you

can use

this feature

for many

interest-

ing

functions.

The

main application

of

"Sl"

is rather simpler,

how-

ever.

In this

case a

"real

hardware"

3-stage switch

is con-

nected to

input

"1";

for

example

Order

No.7 5699

(short

toggle)

or Order

No. 7 5700

(long

toggle).

It this

"hardware"

switch

(actually

a transmitter control

in this application)

is operated,

then of course

it oper-

ates

the

"software"

switch

"Sl"

as

well. The

final

effect

is a 3-position

change-over

switch,

which can

be

used

with the switches

51

-

55;

but which

has 3

posF

tions;

compare

this with 51

-

55,

which are

only simple

change-over

switches.

And that

is exactly

what we

need to switch between

2

dif{erent

"

Fixed

Values" !

Aq

The

main application of

"Sl"

is in

conjunctlon

with

the

transmitter control options

"FlX-1"

and

"

FIX-2'.

A further example

will make eveMhing clear:

"cam-

ber-changing

flaps with 2 switchable

positions".

We will assume that transmitter control

E is assigned

to the

"FLAP"

function. Move to the

"CONTROL

OPTIONS"

menu, and from there to

"CONTROL

E:

FLAP".

Press the

N

key, and

leaf

through

to the

"FlX-l"

ootion.

Press the

!

key

("switch

corner"), switch ON with the

El

key, and then leaf through to

"1":

rE:

FLHF F I ii- 1I

L I +. lt:tttllr

After

pressing

the

Z

key

you

can

now set the first

Fixed

Value; for

example,

the

"tow-launch"

flap

posi-

tion.

While

you

are setting this up, operate the switch

so

that

you

can see the results of

your

efforts at

the

servo

itself!

Now to the second

Fixed Value:

Press the

N

key again, leaf through

with the

El

key to

the

"Flx-2"

oprion.

You will see this display:

rE:FLI]F

FIii-i!

t:ttllt/

5I

: rll.;;^r

Press the

Z

key and

you

can adjust

the other flap

position (e.9.

speed).

Here

again,

operate the switch

during the adjustment

procedure (opposite

end-point),

so that

you

can see the effect directly.

Once

you

have finished the

setting

up

process,

the

flaps can be controlled in the

lollowing way:

Switch at centre:

The Jlap servo

is

controlled by the slider.

Switch at the end-points:

The flao servo

runs

to one or

other of the

ore-selected

Dositions.

Transferring

programs

between two transmitters

Let's imagine that

you

have worked hard

at

perfecting

a

list lor

your

model

"XYZ",

and then one of

your

col-

leagues buys a kit of the same

model. lf he

also

pos-

sesses

a PROFI mc 3010,

you

can share the

fruits of

your

hard work with him by transferring a copy of

your

program

to his transmitter. You may even

find

that

your

dealer,

as a special service,

will

copy

into

your

trans-

mitter a suitable

list for

the

helicopter he has

just

sold

you.

Programs

(model

lists)

can be

transferred in either

direction between

two PROFI mc 3010 transmitters.

As

you

will

see,

this is a very simple matter.

All

you

need

is

the transfer

lead,

Order

No. I 5120.

You

can

transter in either direction:

From

your

transmitter

to

another

transmitter

("

Export").

From

another

transmitter to

yours ("lmport").

Transfening data between lwo transmitters

is the

same

as copying

from one memory to another.

The

destina-

tion

for

a

transfer is therefore always the current

memory, which

you

have selected

in

your

transmitter.

For IMPORT that

is

exactly

what is required.

For

EXPORT this means that

you

must take care.

We will assume that

you

have

selected

memory 05 as

the current

memory. lf

you

now EXPORT from memory

12, then

memory 05 in the destination transmitter

will

be overwritten,

regardless of which memory

is

current

in that transmitter.

For this reason

you

should always

IMPORT if

you

are

in any doubt,

rather than risk overwriting a colleague's

memory.

First

IMPORT.

Connect the two

transmitters with the transfer lead, by

inserting the

plugs

in the two charge sockets. Switch

both transmitters

on.

On

the transmitter which

is

to

70

IMPORT select the target or destination

memory

(=

current

memory) using the

SHIFT

MEMORY

menu.

Move to the COPY

MEMORY menu with

EIS)Z

.

Release

MODE with

the

Z

key

and

leaf through with

the

El

key until

you

reach the

IMPORT mode.

The display

will look like

this:

rt']ütiE

!

I t'lFrlE:T

rFF:f'l

.

rirt !

Ei:TEE:H

Now

you

have to inform

your

transmitter the

memory in

the second

transmitter from which it

is

to

fetch

data.

To

do this

press

N

and select the desired source

memory

number using

E

or

E.

In our example this

is memory

09. The display should

now look like this:

r[,][t[:'E

:

It'lFt:tFjT

rFF:t'l,

t:l'-1 :

EiiTEFjH

Press the

E)

key and

you

are done.

The transfer takes

place

in a fraction of a second after

you press

the key.

lf

you

now

take a

look

at

your

current memory

you

will

Jind

that

it

contains

the same data as memory 09

in

the

source transmitter.

lf for any reason the transter does

not take

place (e.9.

laulty cable, cable

not

plugged

in, source transmitter

not switched on),

your

transmitter will show the

mes-

sage

"MODE:-Error-".

Put the

problem

right

and

try

the transfer

again.

EXPORT.

This is

a similar

operation, so

we

can cut down

the

explanation.

First move to the

"SHIFT

MEMORY"

menu

and select

the

memory which, in the second transmitter,

is

to be

the destination of the data transfer.

Move

to the

"COPY

MEMORY"

menu, then

to

"

MODE:EXPORT".

Activate the source

memory

using

the

Sl

key.

The display

should

look like this,

with the memory

number

06

Jlashing:

rf'lü['E

:

E:":FüFtT

rFFlt''1.

ut: FiEITH

Press

the

@

key, and the data

will

be

transferred.

Two further

points:

1. ll

you

should

wish to interrupt an

import, export,

copy or delete

process

atter

you

have started, simply

switch

the transmitter

off briefly.

The data

in

the

model

memories

will then be unchanged.

2. To ensure

that import/export

is

possible

between all

versions

of the transmitter,

this

f

unction

is only

possi-

ble

with memories

1

to

15 and

Mx.

The

FIXED

VALUE

virtual

"transmitter

control"

lf

you

wish to operate a

servo with a stick

(or

a

function

switch),

you

do not

need to

"lose"

a transmttter

control

for the

purpose.

Assuming, that

is, that all

you

need

are

two fixed servo

positions.

Assign

first:

Move to the

ASSIGN/SERVO

menu

with

@Z[!N.

Select

the servo

you

wish to use,

press

the

Z

key, and

assign

it to the

FIXED VALUE

"transmitter

control".

When

you

assign

the

"genuine"

transmitter control,

FIXED

VALUE

will not

appear.

Set up

as tollows:

Move to the

ADJUST / SERVO

/ TRAVEL

+ REVERSE

menu

with the sequence

@ Z Z,

and

select the

servo

which

you

have assrgned

to

FIXED VALUE.

Finally

press

S,

and

set the servo

position

for the first switch

position.

In the

"SWITCH

SERVO"

menu

you

now

have to

determine

which switch

is associated

with the fixed

vatue.

The servo

position

for the second

switch

position

is

determined

in the menu ADJUST/SERVO/CENTRE.

To

be able

to do this,

you

must

first

go

back by one

menu

level with the

m

key, and activate

Centre adjustment

with

!

. Now

move the

physical

switch to the

other

end-point,

press

the

Z

key, and set the desired

sec-

ond

position

for the

servo.

ll. Tho

reeeiYing

s1stem

Connecting

servos

and

batteries

The

receiver

is the

"heart"

of

the receiving

system.

Servos,

motor

controllers,

switch

modules and

MULTINAUT-p|uS

receiver

modules

are connected

directly

to it.

The

receiver battery

is connected

to the

receiver via a

"switch

harness"

(Fig.

60).

Fis.60

The receiver

servo output

sockets are

numbered

from

l to a

maximum

oJ 10, depending

on the

number of

servos

which can

be connected.

Each servo

output

corresoonds

to

one control

function.

For reasons

of space, certain

output sockets

on the

smaller

receivers are combined,

so

that two servos

can

be connected

to one socket.

This type

ol

socket

is

marked,

for example,

"8/9".

Only one

servo can be

connected directly,

and

this is always

the

lower

number;

in this case channel

8.

What

if

you

need both

functions?

In this case

you

need

an expansion

adapter

(Order

No.8 5060),

which con'

sists

of a

plug

and two sockets.

The

plug

is connected

to the

receiver socket;

the two servos

are connected

to

the

two sockets

on the adapter

(Fig.

61).

Fig.61

71

The switch

harness

This

is

plugged

into socket

"

8". The switch

incorpo-

rated

in the harness

is used to

turn the whole

receiving

syslem

on and

otf. The switch

itself can be

installed

in

the model's

fuselage side.

Switch

harnesses

are available

in several

forms;

please

refer to the

main MULTIPLEX

catalogue

for

details.

Some

versions are

fitted with a separate

socket

for charging

the receiver battery.

On the switch

harness supplied

with the set

(Order

No. I 5100)

the

charge socket

is integral

with the switch casing.

This

means

that the battery

can be recharged

without

hav-

ing

to open up the

model

(Fig.

62).

Fig.62

PPM or

PCM?

PCM

(Pulse

Code

Modulation)

is

the

more

"intelligent"

of the

two transmission

methods.

In the case of

PCM

the

information

is

encoded

by the transmitter.

The

receiver is able

to recognise

interference, and contin-

ues lo send

the last

"good"

signals to the servos

until

it again

receives a signal

from the transmitter

(see

Fail

Safe).

Thus PCM eliminates

servo

jittering.

On the

other hand, this

interference suppression

can

lead to the PCM

pilot

failing to

notice interference until

much later than

with a PPM system.

PPM

(Pulse

Position Modulation) still

has the advan-

tage if

you

require ultrajast control

response

from

your

model, because

the

information is broadcast

by the

transmitter

at a

faster rate than bv a

PCM transmitter.

Which types

of

receiver

can

be used?

PCM

All

MULTIPLEX

PCM receivers can

be used

with

your

new transmitter.

PPM

when set

to PPM, the transmitter

broadcasts

either

7

or I channels

(see page

13 for method

of switching).

This

means that

you

can

use all

MULTIPLEX

FM PPM

receivers

(and

all FM

PPM receivers

which can

decode

at

least 7 channels)

with this transmitter.

Fail-Safg

("emergency

position"

lor

servos)

Only

available

with PCM-DS

receivers!

After about

0.8 seconds

of interference

the throttle

servo

runs to the

250lo

Dosition,

and all

the other ser-

vos are

automatically

reset to centre.

Fail-sate

is

a

fea-

ture

of the

receiver, and

must be switched on

before

it can

work.

Single-superhet

or double-superhet?

lf

you

operate

your

model

in the vicinity of a

powerful

VHF radio

transmitter

(frequency

range

103 to

105

MHz), conventional

radio control systems

(single-su-

perhet)

in the

35 MHz band can

suffer

from interfer-

ence.

In technical terms:

the

powerful

transmitter

pro-

duces

adjacent-channel

interlerence

to the single-su-

perhet

receiver. The double-superhet

receiver utilises

different

technology

which eliminates the

problem

alto-

gether

72

Arrangement

of battery,

servos

and

receiver

The diagram below

shows

the most

favourable

arrangement

of the

RC

system

components

in the

model. We

recommend that

you

decide

exactly

how

your

system

is to be installed

in the new

model

before

vou start construction.

Servo Switch

Receiver

Fig.63

The

receiver

When installing the

receiver

in the model,

please

observe

the

following

points:

a

Keep the

receiver

well

away

trom

powerf

ul electric

motors and electric

ignition systems.

.

Lead the receiver aerial

out o{ the

model by the

shortest

possible

route.

o

Protect the receiver

from vibration by

wrapping

it in

foam rubber and stowing

it

loosely in the model.

.

Never alter

the length of

the receiver aerial.

.

Deploy the receiver aerial

in as straight

a line as

possible.

Never leave it coiled up

in the

model.

a

lf

your

model

incorporates carbon

f ibre reinforce-

ments, do not deploy

the receiver aerial

inside the

fuselage

(signal

screening)

.

Do not stick the

receiver aerial

to any

part

of the

model

which is reinlorced

with carbon

fibre

(signal

screenrng).

Range

testing

Range testing

can make a significant

improvement to

safety

levels when

you

are

operating

your

model.

We

have cooked

up a standard

recipe

for range testing

based

on our own experience

and

measurements.

lf

your

system

passes

this test,

you

can be sure

you

are

on the

safe side.

1.

Collapse

your

transmitter

aerial

lully.

2. Ask an assistant

to

hold

your

model

about

1 m

above

the

ground.

3. Check

that

there are no

large metal

items

(cars,

wire

fences etc.) close to

the model.

4, Make

sure that

no other transmitters

are switched

on

(even

on different

channels)

when

you

carry

out

the

test.

5.

Switch

on

your

transmitter

and

receiver. When the

transmitter

is

80

m trom the

model the equipment

should be able

to

pass

the

following test:

PPM system:

the control surfaces

should

still

respond immediately

to stick

movements, and

make

no uncontrolled

movements at all.

PCM system:

the control

surfaces should

still

respond

promptly

to stick

movements.

The inherent

interference suppression

of a

PCM system

prevents

servos

jittering.

lf

the signal

received

is not strong

enough,

then a

PCM receiver

will continue

to

pass

the last

received signal

to the servos.

The servos

will then either

not respond

to stick movements,

or

will hesitate before

responding.

ll

your

model

is fitted with a

motor, repeat the

test with

the motor

running.

Interference

suppression

with

magnetic/electronic

ignition systems

.

Screen

the

ignition lead

with a metal tube,

fixed

(earthed)

to the

motor crankcase

close to

the igni-

tion coil.

a

Use screened

plug

connectors

at all

times.

a

Never

power

the ignition system

from

the receiver

battery.

a

Keep a distance

of at least

15 cm between

the igni-

tion system

and all

the

RC

system

components

(in-

cluding

the

receiver battery).

.

Keep the

leads from the

ignition battery

and the

other components

as

short as

possible,

and suffi-

ciently

thick

(min.

0.5 sq

mm).

.

The

ignition switch should

be

rated at a minimum

of

10

A

(minimum

voltage drop).

Notes on

servos

The servo

torque for a

particular

control

surface

can

usually

be

calculated

with sufficient

accuracy

using

the following

rough

formula:

0.75

x control surface

area

(in

sq cm/100)

=

torque

(in

cm/kg).

In large

models

it is often

necessary to extend

servo

leads.

lf

you

intend titting extension

leads,

please

note

that they

affect

reception conditions.

ll

the

lead is more

than

60 cm

long

you

musl use

a separation

filter. lf

other

servo

leads run

parallel

to these

long leads

for a

distance

of more than

25 cm, then

the shorter

leads

should

also be

fitted

with

separation

filters. There are

two

alternative

methods:

Separation

tilters for direct connection

(O.

No. I5083)

This

lead

is

simply

connected

between

the receiver

outDut

and the

servo connector.

Extension

lead with separation

filter

(60

cm: Order

No. I5082

120 cm: Order

No. I5083)

Extension

lead set with separation

filter

(max.

2 m:

Order

No.

I5138)

This is a kit

which can be used

to connect

servos

which are built

into

wings or other

parts

of the model.

Airborne

power

supplies

Receiver battery

You can use

the lollowing

rough tormula

to calculate

the

receiver battery capacity

required

in a

particular

model:

0.2 Ah

x No. of servos

=

battery

capacity

in Ah

For example, a

model with 5 servos

should be

fitted

with a

1 Ah receiver battery.

A

good

idea is to

go

one

step

further and select

the

"next

size up",

provided

that weight and

space are

not a

problem.

Switch

harnesses

The switch

harness is connected

to the battery and

the

receiver. Some

switch

harnesses

(e.9.

Order

No.8

5100)

have an

integral charge socket.

lJ the switch

is

installed

in the model's side

you

can

recharge the

receiver battery

without having to open

the model.

Diagnosis

(closed

loop) operation

For checking

and making adjustments,

the transmitter

and

receiving system can

be

linked by the Diagnosis

Lead

(Order

No.

I5105).

The

model must be

fitted with

a switch

lead with

integral charge/diagnosis

socket

(Order

No. 8 5100).

The RF

module in the transmitter

is

switched

out of circuit

automatically,

and can

even

be

removed.

Closed-loop

operation:

-

saves

power;

as

no RF signal

is

produced

or radi-

ated by

the transmitter

its current

consumption

droDs

to about 330/o

of the

normal value;

-

disturbs

nobody, because

the

RF module

is not

functioning.

-

cannot

suffer

interference, because

RF signals

are

ignored by the

receiver.

lmportant:

You can

only carry out closedloop

checking

if none of

the stick

functions

has been

released as a

Pupil func-

tion

(see

pages

74174:

Teacher/Pupil

operations).

When

you pull

out

the

plug

from the transmitter,

the

RF

module is switched

into circuit

again,

which could

interfere

with

your

fellow modellers.

So: be sure

to

switch

the

transmitter off

before dis-

connecting

the

plug!

Care

of the

transmitter

Storage

Protect

your

PROFI mc 3010

from:

.

mechanical damage

.

ambient

temperatures

above

60 degrees C

(sun-

shine in a car)

a

damp, solvents,

model

fuel, exhaust

residue

.

dust

(in

the workshop).

Please

bear in

mind that condensation

may form on

and

in the transmitter

il

you

move it

from

your

warm

workshoo to a cold

car or

vice versa. Condensation

73

may

prevent

the transmitter

working

properly.

lf

you

are not sure,

carry out a careful

range test, and

let lhe

transmitter

warm up or cool

down thoroughly.

The

transmitter

should be

completely dry

inside.

Cleaning

the transmitter

Take

great

care that

no liquids

get

inside the

transmit-

ter when

you

are

cleaning the case.

Do not use any

abrasive or solvent-based

cleaner on

the transmitter

case. A

mild household cleaner

is

quite

adeauate.

Dust is best

removed with a soft

paintbrush.

Maintenance

Your PROFI

mc

3010

transmitter contains

no

parts

which

reouire maintenance. Nevertheless

it is an

essential

safety

measure to

check

radio range and all

working tunctions

periodically.

The transmitter battery

Please

note that new battery

packs

do

not achieve

their

full capacity until after about

10 charge/discharge

cycres.

.

Charge

new,

rapid-charge

batteries

(or

packs

which

have

not

been used

for a long time) at

least three

times at

the normal

(slow)

rate

before

rapid- charg-

ing them.

a

Do

not rapid-charge a battery unless

you

cerlain

that

it was designed

for it.

.

Charge up batteries

only when the ambient

tem-

perature

is in the range 0

to 40 degrees C.

o

Avoid

placing

mechanical

stress on the

power

leads

and

on the cells themselves.

.

Replace old batteries

in

good

time.

.

NC

packs

fall into the category

of dangerous

waste, and must be disposed

of

properly.

Don't

just

chuck

them

in the rubbish bin!

Storing batteries

11

you

do

not use

your

transmitter

for

a

long

period,

take special

note of the following

points:

State

of charge

Experience shows that

NC

packs

should be stored

in a

discharged

(empty)

state.

Self-discharge

NC

packs

lose about 10lo of their charge

per

day

under

unfavourable

conditions,

i.e.

after

three months' stor-

age they are

generally

completely

flat.

Maintenance charging

The transmitter battery can be

kept topped up, ready

for use at any time, by

charging it constantly at about

70 mA. The MULTIPLEX Combi-Charger

Order No.

14

5540 includes a

70 mA output.

MULTIPLEX

Hot-Line

For

questions

regarding the transmitter and

its

use

our

Teleohone Service

is available.

You

can call

us Mon-

day

to Thursday between

2.00 and 4.00

pm

on the

fol-

lowing number: 01049

-7233-7390.

Types of servo

The right servo

lor

every

application

Servos

are

the muscles of

your

radio

control

system.

They

move the control surtaces

and steering

linkages,

operate

throttle arms and

brakes, switches and

release

mechanisms.

For most

purposes

a

high-quality

"all-

round" servo

is

quite good

enough.

These servos usu-

ally

ofter the best

price

:

performance

ratio.

Principal differences

in servos:

Type ot output

Most servos

are of the

"rotary-output"

type.

The out-

put

arm rotates, usually

through an angle

ol +l-

45

degrees.

For special

purposes

-

e.g. for retractable

undercarriages

-

there are

high-power servos

which

move through

+/- 90 degrees.

In some types of

instaF

lation a

linear-output servo

offers distinct advantages.

The

fundamental disadvantage

is that

it is not

possible

to alter

servo travel by

fitting a longer or shorter

output

lever, as is the case

with rotary servos.

Power

(torque)

Servo

power

is

determined

by the

power

ol

the motor

and

the reduction

ratio of the

gearbox.

Greater

power

requires a

more

powerful

motor

(which

consumes

more current) or a

higher

gear

reduction

ratio

(which

slows

down

its response).

lf speed

is unimportant

-

e.g.

for a retractable under-

carriage

-

the slow

Power Servo is the best solution.

In large,

heavy models our

Profi

Servos

come into their

own.

They offer outstanding

power

combined

with high

soeed.

lf several

Profi

servos

are used

in a model,

you

should always select

a receiver battery

with a

larger than

normal capacity.

74

Speed

Servo

speed, as

in

a car,

is a tunction of

gearbox

ratios.

A low reduction ratio

gives

high speed, at the

expense

oJ

power.

For

most applications our standard

servos

are

quite

fast

enough.

Only extremely

high-

speed

models

require

specialised

Speed Servos.

Resolution

(accuracy)

This is where the orecision

of a servo

manifests itself.

Our

top models achieve

a resolution

figure ol O.2o/o.

Dimensions

and weight

For

some

purposes

-

especially

for

wing installation

-

by far the

most important

requirement is minimum

size, combined

with

plenty

of

power.

For such cases

we

recommend our Pico Servo.

The mc

servo

family

(or:

the computer

in

your

servo)

Our

mc servos are

controlled by a

micro-processor

and orovide characteristics

which have never been

possible

with

conventional

technology.

For example:

.

higher continuous

performance

.

smaller deadband

.wider

operating

voltage range

o

programmability

The servos

in this family

-

Micro-mc, Royal-mc, Profi-

mc, Power-mc

and Jumbo-mc

-

are

capable of solving

many an unusual

and

intractable

problem.

Sp_ecialist-terms

ref,erri ng

tci

fixed-wing

aircraft

Spoilers:

A'vague

term used

for any

part

of

the control system

which

primarily produces

drag

(and

sometimes aftects

wing

lift). For example: airbrakes,

rotating trailing

edge

brakes

or

camber-changing

flaps

which

can

be de-

tlected

more than 30 degrees

negative

or

positive.

Dividing the

flaperon into two

makes it

possible

to set

up

the functions

ol aileron and camber-changing

tlap

more efficiently

in aerodynamic

terms,

particularly

on

long-span

wings

(better

lift distribution and

improved

aileron

response).

In the

interests of

good

aileron

response,

the aileron

movement

of the outboard

control surface

should be

greater

than that of the

inboard surface;

on the other

hand, the llap

movement oJ the

inboard control surface

should

be

greater

than that of the

outboard surface,

to

ensure docile

stall behaviour.

camber-changing

flaps

(or

simply

flaps)

Fis 65

Control

surfaces

at the trailing

edge of the

wing, used to

vary the camber

of the

wing section, and thus

also the

characteristics

of the

wing, to suit

particular

Jlight

requirements.

Positive def lections

(flaps

down)

produce

an

increase

in the wing's

lift

coeflicient

(slow

flight), with

a slight

increase in drag. Small

negative deflec-

tions,

around

2

-

3 degrees,

reduce drag

for high-speed

llight.

lf flaps

are deflected

more than about

+30 degrees,

drag

rises considerably.

Flaps

make

a

usetul

landing

aid

(spoilers,

crow system).

Flaperons:

Fuli-span

control surtaces

at the

wing trailing edge,

which

double as

ailerons and

camber-changing

flaps.

Aibron Carn!,or

-

charu|.ng

naB

crow system

(aileron

brakes)

Fis 68

An

extension

of

the

"Quadro"

mixed function, utilising

the mixed control

surlaces as

"spoilers".

The inboard

control surfaces

are set to a

positive

braking

position

(flap

down),

the outboard surfaces

to a negative

braking

position

(flap

up). Used on

high-performance

gliders

(F3B

class)

which are

not Jitted with

proper

airbrakes or

sooilers.

Oandr€r

-

a*Lnging

lt

p

spolbr

Fig.69

camber-changing

flaps.

Snap-flaps:

Mixed

function: elevator

-

Cambr-

cha.qang nap

Often used

on aerobatic

models

to reinforce

the effect

of the

elevator.

lf up-elevator

is applied,

the camber-

changing

flaps are deflected

down; the

result is an

increase

in the wing's

lift coefficient.

Down-elevator

is

accompanied

by up{lap,

and the

wing's

litt

coefficient

is

reduced.

The overall effect

is that the aircraft

is capable

of

very tight

looping manoeuvres

-

ideal for the

"square"

figures.

Fig. 70

V-tail

(or

"

buttertly

tail')

Combined elevator

and

rudder in the

form of a

"V".

When elevator

is applied,

both control

surfaces

move in

the same

direction.

When rudder

is applied, they

move

in opposite

directions.

Fig.66

Delta

("elevons"):

Full-length

control

surfaces at

the wing trailing

edge, on

models

without a tailplane

(delta,

flying wing).

The

elevons

double

as ailerons

and elevators.

euadro:

Fis 6/

Full-length

control

surfaces

(flaperons)

divided

into two

separate

flaps

per

wing.

Each control surface

doubles

as aileron

and

camber-changing

tlap.

Carnber

-

cttarying

lbB

Apoibr

TC

Diffierential:

Term used

lor unequal

aileron

movements,

intended to

compensate

for the

"

negative"

roll effect,

otherwise

known

as adverse

yaw.

lf ailerons

move an

equal amount

up and down,

the

aileron

on

the outside of

the turn

produces

a

yawing

moment

in the opposite direction

to that

oJ the turn, due

to the

increase

in

drag;

an increased

rudder

movement

is then

required

to

counler

the

yaw.

This makes

for ditficult control

characteristics

and a

loss

ot efficiency,

which can be

very noticeable

in large span

model

gliders.

Unequal

aileron

mo/emenb

(much

more up movement

than do!\,n) can

reduce

this effect

greatly,

or even eliminate

it altogether.

The effect

of adverse

yaw

varies

from model to

model,

depending

on the aircraft's

geometry

and

wing sections.

For

this

reason it

is

always

necessary

to carry out

practical

tests.

As a

good

starting

point

we recommend

1000/o

ulmovement,

and 500/o-700lo

down-movement.

Some

helicopter

terms

Swashplate:

This comoonent

mixes and transfers

all control

move-

ments from the

fixed control

mechanisms to the

rotating

rotor blades.

Collective

pitch

variation:

Generally

known as collective

pitch,

or simply

"collec-

tive".

Variation

in the

pitch

angle

of all

rotor blades at

the

same

time, to control

lift.

It no change

is made to cyclic

pitch,

the

resultant

lift

force is coincident

with the

rotor

shaft.

Cyclic

pitch

variation:

Generally

known as

"cyclic

pitch",

or simply

"cyclic".

A variation

in rotor blade

pitch

which alters over

the

course

of one

rotation. The effective

result

is that the

olane

of the

rotor blades

is tilted, and the

resultant

lift

force

is no longer coincident

with the

rotor shaft.

lt is

used

lor:

Ditch-axis control:

The resultant

lift force of the

rotor is tilted

forward or

back

(when

viewed from behind

the model,

looking

for-

ward). Corresponds

to up-

and down-elevator

on a

Jixed-wing

aircraft.

roll-axis control:

The

resultant

lift force oJ the

rotor is tilted to

right or left.

Corresponds

to aileron

movement

on a

fixed-wing air-

craft.

Tail rotor:

Produces

a torce

which counteracts

the torque

of the

main

rotor

in

single-rotor

helicopters.

Used

for

yaw

con-

trol, corresponding

to

rudder control

in

a

fixed-wing air-

craft.

Gyro:

The

gyro

registers unwanted

yaw-movements,

and

sends

appropriate

corrective

signals

to the tail

rotor

control system.

As

every

control command

involving

the

main

rotor results

in

a

change

in main rotor torque,

the

gyro

is an

important aid to the

pilot.

Gyro suppression:

This system

reduces or entirely

suppresses

the effect

of

the

gyro,

so

that the

pilot

can

effect

last, intentional

movements around

the

yaw

axis.

Pitch^hrottle

curve:

ln

an

ideal

helicopter the

rotor

speed

would remain con-

stant at

all motor

power

settings;

this is achieved

by

opening

and closing

the

throttle whenever

collective

Ditch

is increased or decreased.

The relationship

between

collective

pitch

and throttle

can be considered

in the

form of a

graph,

or

"curve";the

throttle

signal

is

derived

from the

collective

pitch

signal.

76

"3-Doint

curve":

Corner

points

for minimum collective,

hover collective

and

maximum collective

pitch.

"s-ooint

curve":

As above, but

wilh two additional

points

between

the

corner

points

mentioned above.

The s-point curve

allows the

rotor

power

requirements to be

matched

more accurately

to the

motor's

power

output character-

istics.

Throttle

pre-select (ldle-Up):

Throttle setting

for rotor

idle speed under

"no{oad"

conditions.

"Schlueter"

control system

:

A seoarate servo

is used

tor each

of the three

func-

tions

collective

pitch,

oitch-axis

and roll-axis.

Characteristic

feature: the

swashplate

cannot

move

-\

axially; collective

pitch

is

controlled

by means

of a

oushrod

located

inside the

hollow

rotor shaft

Fig.71

"Heim"

control system:

The Junctions collective

oitch

and roll are

mixed

electronically

and

passed

to two servos.

These ser-

vos control

the swashplate

in the

"righVleft"

and

"

uo/down" directions.

The oitch-axis

function is

mechanically

de-coupled

Jrom collective

pitch.

A

separate

pitch-axis

servo

controls

the

pitch-axis

movement

of the swash-

Dlate.

Soecial

feature:

mechanF

cal

flare compensation

is

Dossible.

"CPM"

control system

(HEAD

Mlx):

Abbreviation

for

Collective

Pitch lvlixing. The control sig-

nals for collective

pitch, pitch-axis

and

roll-axis are elec-

tronically

"composed"

and

sent to the servos.

Between

servos

and swashplate

there are

no mixer levers or

similar

mechanics, so

mechanical complexity

is min-

imised.

Virtual swashplate

rotation:

lf a 3-

(or

more) bladed rotor

is mounted on a swash-

plate

intended for a 2-bladed system,

then the

tilt of the

swashplate

no longer corresponds

to the

inclination of

the rotor disc, as

it is not

possible

in design terms to

locate

the mechanical

linkage to each blade of a

mul-

ti-blade

rotor at a

point

90

degrees in advance

of its

highest

point.

lf

the swashplate

control system cannot

be

rotated through

the

appropriate

angle

to match the

blade system,

the

pitch-axis

and

roll-axis servo signals

can be

mixed electronically to achieve

an apparent

(vir-

tual)

rotation ot the swashplate.

Arrangrm€d

9d

Frequency

bands, channels,

crystals

and spot

frequencies

Four

frequency bands are available

for

the

control

ot

models in the U.K.:

27

l\llqz

band

35

MHz

band

(A

und

B

band)

40

MHz

band

459 MHz band

The latter band

is used

very little

at

present;

the

PROFI

mc 3010

transmitter and

receiver are only available

on

the first three bands.

The easiest

way of

imagining frequency bands

is to

compare

them with the

wavebands on

your

radio. Think

of long

wave

(LW),

medium wave

(MW),

and so

on.

On

your

radio

you

can

probably

change

bands by

pressing

a

knob. With radio control

equipment

we

can't

do that:

the transmitter

has

an

RF module

which has to

be changed.

The receiver, on the other

hand,

must

be

swapped

for

a

new one.

A channel,

or spot frequency,

is a narrow section

of one

frequency band.

Going back

to our

radio

analogy,

a

spot

frequency

corresponds

to one radio

transmitter, or

station.

Instead ol

the frequencies themselves,

which

are diff

icult to

remember, we use standardised

channel

numbers.

The crystals

in the transmitter and

receiver determine

the

frequency and the channel.

They must therefore

be

matched to each other

with extreme

precision.

That is

whv:

Always use

genuine

MULTIPLEX crystals

in

your

MULTIPLEX radio control

equipment!

The

channel

number

is

always

printed

on

one face of

the crystal.

next to it

you

will see either

an

"S"

(Sender

=

transmitter)

or an

"E"

(Empfaenger

=

receiver).

Transmitter crystals

are enclosed

in a transparent

blue

casing, and

"normal"

receiver crystals

in a transparent

vellow one.

Caution:

Ordinary

receiver crystals

cannol

be used

with dou-

ble-suoerhet

receivers.

Double-superhets

require

special types

(DS

crys-

tals).

They are fitted

with

an

integral colourless

plas-

tic

holder

(Fig.

66).

Fig. 66

77

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