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60 Appendix Appendix 61

programs around the world. The Project has also

helped develop a series of public information

documents on EMF issues.

FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications

& Internet Association (CTIA) have a formal

Cooperative Research and Development

Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless

phone safety. FDA provides the scientific oversight,

obtaining input from experts in government,

industry, and academic organizations. CTIA-

funded research is conducted through contracts

to independent investigators. The initial research

will include both laboratory studies and studies of

wireless phone users. The CRADA will also include

a broad assessment of additional research needs

in the context of the latest research developments

around the world.

7. What steps can I take to reduce my exposure to

radiofrequency energy from my wireless phone?

If there is a risk from these products--and at this

point we do not know that there is--it is probably

very small.

But if you are concerned about avoiding even

potential risks, you can take a few simple steps

to minimize your exposure to radiofrequency

energy (RF). Since time is a key factor in how much

exposure a person receives,reducing the amount

of time spent using a wireless phone will reduce

RF exposure.

•

If you must conduct extended conversations by

wireless phone every day, you could place more

distance between your body and the source of

the RF, since the exposure level drops off dra-

matically with distance. For example, you could

use a headset and carry the wireless phone

away from your body or use a wireless phone

connected to a remote antenna.

Again, the scientific data do not demonstrate that

wireless phones are harmful. But if you are con-

cerned about the RF exposure from these products,

you can use measures like those described above

to reduce your RF exposure from wireless phone

use.

8. What about children using wireless phones?

The scientific evidence does not show a danger

to users of wireless phones, including children

and teenagers. If you want to take steps to lower

exposure to radiofrequency energy (RF), the

measures described above would apply to children

and teenagers using wireless phones. Reducing

the time of wireless phone use and increasing the

distance between the user and the RF source will

reduce RF exposure.

Some groups sponsored by other national govern-

ments have advised that children be discouraged

from using wireless phones at all. For example,

the government in the United Kingdom distrib-

uted leaflets containing such a recommendation

in December 2000. They noted that no evidence

exists that using a wireless phone causes brain

tumors or other ill effects. Their recommendation

to limit wireless phone use by children was strictly

precautionary; it was not based on scientific evi-

dence that any health hazard exists.

9. Do hands-free kits for wireless phones reduce

risks from exposure to RF emissions?

Since there are no known risks from exposure to

RF emissions from wireless phones, there is no

reason to believe that hands-free kits reduce risks.

Hands-free kits can be used with wireless phones

for convenience and comfort. These systems reduce

the absorption of RF energy in the head be believe

that accessories that claim to shield the head from

those emissions reduce risks. Some products that

claim to shield the user from RF absorption use

special phone cases, while others involve nothing

more than a metallic accessory attached to the

phone. Studies have shown that these products

generally do not work as advertised. Unlike “hand-

free” kits, these so-called “shields” may interfere

with proper operation of the phone.

The phone may be forced to boost its power

to compensate, leading to an increase in RF

absorption. In February 2002, the Federal trade

Commission (FTC) charged two companies that

sold devices that claimed to protect wireless

phone users from radiation with making false and

unsubstantiated claims. According to FTC, these

defendants lacked a reasonable basis to substanti-

ate their claim.

10. What about wireless phone interference with

medical equipment?

Radiofrequency energy (RF) from wireless phones

can interact with some electronic devices. For

this reason, FDA helped develop a detailed test

method to measure electromagnetic interfer-

ence (EMI) of implanted cardiac pacemakers and

defibrillators from wireless telephones. This test

method is now part of a standard sponsored by

the Association for the Advancement of Medical

instrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, a joint

effort by FDA, medical device manufacturers, and

many other groups, was completed in late 2000.

This standard will allow manufacturers to ensure

that cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are safe

from wireless phone EMI.

FDA has tested hearing aids for interference from

handheld wireless phones and helped develop

a voluntary standard sponsored by the Institute

of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). This

standard specifies test methods and performance

requirements for hearing aids and wireless phones

so that that no interference occurs when a person

uses a “compatible” phone and a “compatible”

hearing aid at the same time. This standard was

approved by the IEEE in 2000.

FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless

phones for possible interactions with other medical

devices. Should harmful interference be found to

occur, FDA will conduct testing to assess the inter-

ference and work to resolve the problem.

Updated July 29, 2003

For more information, please visit the FDA website

http://www.fda.gov/cellphones

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