As root, you can also change the ownership of a le: with the command chown
(change owner) you can transfer ownership to a new user.
7.5.1 Examples for Changing Access Permissions and Ownership
The following example shows the output of an ls -l command in a shell.
Example 7.1 Access Permissions For Files and Folders
-rw-r----- 1 tux users 0 2006-06-23 16:08 checklist.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 tux users 53279 2006-06-21 13:16 gnome_quick.xml
-rw-rw---- 1 tux users 0 2006-06-23 16:08 index.htm
-rw-r--r-- 1 tux users 70733 2006-06-21 09:35 kde-start.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 tux users 47896 2006-06-21 09:46 kde_quick.xml
drwxr-xr-x 2 tux users 48 2006-06-23 16:09 local
-r-xr-xr-x 1 tux users 624398 2006-06-23 15:43 tux.jpg
In the example above, user tux owns the le kde-start.xml and has read and write
access to the le but cannot execute it. The users group can read the le but cannot
write or execute it. The same holds true for the other users as shown by the third
block of characters.
Procedure 7.4 Changing Access Permissions
Suppose you are tux and want to modify the access permissions to your les:
1
If you want to grant the users group also write access to kde-start.xml, enter
chmod g+w kde-start.xml
2
To grant the users group and other users write access to kde-start.xml, enter
chmod go+w kde-start.xml
3 To remove write access for all users, enter
chmod -w kde-start.xml
If you do not specify any kind of users, the changes apply to all users— the
owner of the le, the owning group and the others. Now even the owner tux
does not have write access to the le without rst reestablishing write permis-
sions.
4
To prohibit the usersgroup and others to change into the directory local,
enter
chmod go-x local
5
To grant others write permissions for two les, for kde_quick.xml and gnome
_quick.xml, enter
Shell Basics 95
