Handleiding Sharp EL9900 (pagina 282 van 284) (Engels)

17378

282

Verklein

Vergroot

Pagina terug

1/284

Pagina verder

EL-9900

MODEL

EL-9900 GRAPHING CALCULATOR

GRAPHING CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

SHARP CORPORATION

02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)

PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA

Declaration of Conformity

Graphing Calculator: EL-9900

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept

any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Responsible Party:

SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

Sharp Plaza, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430-1163

TEL: 1-800-BE-SHARP

Tested To Comply With FCC Standards

FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE

WARNING — FCC Regulations state that any unauthorized changes or modifications to this

equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to

operate this equipment.

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital

device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a

residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy

and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interfer-

ence to radio communications.

However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this

equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be

determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the

interference by one or more of the following measures:

— Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

— Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

— Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

— Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

In the U.S.A.

Note: A shielded interface cable is required to ensure compliance with FCC regulations for Class B

certification.

FOR YOUR RECORDS...

For your assistance in reporting this product in case of loss or theft, please

record the model number and serial number which are located on the bottom

of the unit.

Please retain this information.

Model Number

Serial Number

Date of Purchase

Place of Purchase

Intr oduction

This graphing calculator can handle many types of mathematical formulas and

expressions for you. It is powerful enough to process very complex formulas used in

rocket science, but yet so compact that it fits in your coat pocket. The main features of

this graphing calculator are as follows:

•Reversible Keyboard to suit the needs of students’ levels, ranging from middle-

school level arithmetic to high-school calculus, and beyond,

•Graphing Capability to help you visualize what you are working on,

• Slide Show Function to help you understand common formulas, prepare for presen-

tations,

• Large memory capacity, with fast processing speed, and more.

We strongly recommend you read this manual thoroughly. If not, then browse through

the very first chapter “Getting Started”, at least. Last, but not least, congratulations on

purchasing the Graphing Calculator!

NOTICE

• The material in this manual is supplied without representation or warranty of any

kind. SHARP assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability of any kind,

consequential or otherwise, from the use of this material.

• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all

important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory

product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility

for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use,

repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired,

or any other cause.

• SHARP assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for financial losses or claims

from third persons resulting from the use of this product and any of its functions, the

loss of or alteration of stored data, etc.

• The information provided in this manual is subject to change without notice.

• Screens and keys shown in this manual may differ from the actual ones on the

calculator.

• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may not be

available at the time you purchase this product.

• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may be

unavailable in some countries.

• All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of

their respective holders.

Introduction

Reversible Keyboard

This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard. Reverse the keyboard to

select Basic Mode or Advanced Mode.

Basic Mode

A green background color keyboard with basic mathematical functions. This mode is

suitable for learning mathematics in lower grades.

iii

Introduction

Advanced Mode (Default mode)

A blue background color keyboard with advanced mathematical functions. This mode

is suitable for learning or studying mathematics in higher grades.

Contents

Caring for Your Calculator ...............................................................................................1

Chapter 1

Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 2

Before Use ......................................................................................................................2

Using the Hard Cover .....................................................................................................3

Part Names and Functions .............................................................................................4

Main Unit .................................................................................................................4

Reversible Keyboard ...............................................................................................6

Basic Key Operations .....................................................................................................8

Changing the Keyboard ..................................................................................................9

Quick Run-through: Basic Mode...................................................................................10

Chapter 2

Operating the Graphing Calculator ......................................................................... 13

Basic / Advanced Keyboard..........................................................................................13

Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys .....................................................13

1. Entering numbers .............................................................................................14

2. Performing standard math calculations ............................................................15

Cursor Basics ...............................................................................................................15

Editing Entries ..............................................................................................................17

Second Function Key....................................................................................................18

ALPHA Key ...................................................................................................................19

Math Function Keys ......................................................................................................20

MATH, STAT, and PRGM Menu Keys ...........................................................................23

SETUP Menu ................................................................................................................ 24

SETUP Menu Items ......................................................................................................25

Precedence of Calculations ..........................................................................................27

Error Messages ............................................................................................................ 28

Resetting the Calculator ...............................................................................................29

1. Using the reset switch ....................................................................................... 29

2. Selecting the RESET within the OPTION menu ..............................................30

Chapter 3

Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard.................................................................... 31

1. Tr y it! ........................................................................................................................31

2. Arithmetic Keys .......................................................................................................33

3. Calculations Using Various Function Keys .............................................................35

4. Calculations Using MATH Menu Items ...................................................................42

Contents

Chapter 4

Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard ......................................................... 50

1. Tr y it! ........................................................................................................................50

2. Explanations of Various Graphing Keys ................................................................. 52

3. Other Useful Graphing Features .............................................................................58

Substitution feature ............................................................................................... 63

Chapter 5

Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard .................................................... 66

1. Tr y it! ........................................................................................................................66

2. Various Calculation Keys ........................................................................................ 67

3. Calculations Using MATH Menu .............................................................................70

4. More Variables: Single Value Variables and LIST Variables ................................... 80

5. TOOL Menu .............................................................................................................81

6. SETUP Menu ..........................................................................................................83

Chapter 6

Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard .......................................... 84

1. Tr y it! ........................................................................................................................84

2. Graphing Parametric Equations .............................................................................. 87

3. Polar Graphing ........................................................................................................88

4. Graphing Sequences ..............................................................................................89

5. The CALC Function ................................................................................................93

6. Format Setting ........................................................................................................95

7. Zoom Functions ......................................................................................................96

8. Setting a Window ....................................................................................................98

9. Tables ......................................................................................................................99

10. The DRAW Function .............................................................................................102

11. Substitution Feature ..............................................................................................114

Chapter 7

SLIDE SHOW Feature .............................................................................................. 115

1. Tr y it! ..................................................................................................................... 115

2. The SLIDE SHOW menu ......................................................................................118

Chapter 8

Matrix Features ........................................................................................................ 120

1. Tr y it! ..................................................................................................................... 120

2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix ............................................................................. 122

Editing keys and functions ..................................................................................123

3. Normal Matrix Operations ..................................................................................... 124

4. Special Matrix Operations.....................................................................................125

Calculations using OPE menus ......................................................................... 125

Calculations using MATH menus ....................................................................... 129

Use of [ ] menus..................................................................................................130

Contents

Chapter 9

List Features ............................................................................................................ 131

1. Tr y it! ..................................................................................................................... 131

2. Creating a list ....................................................................................................... 133

3. Normal List Operations .........................................................................................133

4. Special List Operations .........................................................................................135

Calculations using the OPE menu functions ..................................................... 135

Calculations using MATH Menus ....................................................................... 139

5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function ................................................... 141

6. Using L_DATA functions ........................................................................................142

7. Using List Table to Enter or Edit Lists .................................................................. 143

How to enter the list ............................................................................................143

How to edit the list ..............................................................................................144

Chapter 10

Statistics & Regression Calculations.................................................................... 145

1. Tr y it! ..................................................................................................................... 145

2. Statistics Features ................................................................................................149

1. STAT menus ..................................................................................................149

2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu .......................... 150

3. Graphing the statistical data ................................................................................ 153

1. Graph Types ..................................................................................................153

2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions ......................................... 157

3. Statistical plotting on/off function ................................................................. 157

4. Trace function of statistical graphs .............................................................. 158

4. Data list operations ...............................................................................................159

5. Regression Calculations .......................................................................................160

6. Statistical Hypothesis Testing .............................................................................. 165

7. Distribution functions ............................................................................................177

Chapter 11

Financial Features ................................................................................................... 183

1. Tr y it! 1.................................................................................................................. 183

Tr y it! 2.................................................................................................................. 187

2. CALC functions .....................................................................................................189

3. VARS Menu .......................................................................................................... 193

Chapter 12

The SOLVER Feature ................................................................................................ 194

1. Three Analysis Methods: Equation, Newton, and Graphic .................................. 194

2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use ......................................................... 200

3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation ............................................................... 201

vii

Contents

Chapter 13

Programming Features ........................................................................................... 202

1. Tr y it! ..................................................................................................................... 202

2. Programming Hints ...............................................................................................204

3. Variables .............................................................................................................. 206

Setting a variable ................................................................................................206

4. Operands ............................................................................................................. 206

Comparison operands ........................................................................................206

5. Programming commands ......................................................................................207

A PRGM menu ....................................................................................................207

B BRNCH menu ..................................................................................................209

C SCRN menu ....................................................................................................209

D I/O menu......................................................................................................... 209

E SETUP menu ..................................................................................................210

F FORMAT menu ................................................................................................211

G S_PLOT menu ................................................................................................213

6. Flow control tools ..................................................................................................214

7. Other menus convenient for programming .......................................................... 216

H COPY menu ....................................................................................................216

VARS menu ....................................................................................................... 217

8. Debugging ............................................................................................................ 219

9. Sample programs .................................................................................................. 220

Chapter 14

OPTION Menu ........................................................................................................... 222

Accessing the OPTION Menu ....................................................................................222

1. Adjusting the screen contrast ...................................................................... 222

2. Checking the memory usage ....................................................................... 222

3. Deleting files..................................................................................................224

4. Linking to another EL-9900 or PC ............................................................... 224

5. Reset function ...............................................................................................227

Appendix................................................................................................................... 228

1. Replacing Batteries ...............................................................................................228

2. Troubleshooting Guide ..........................................................................................231

3. Specifications ....................................................................................................... 233

4. Error Codes and Error Messages ........................................................................ 235

5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks ........................................................ 237

1. Financial ....................................................................................................... 237

2. Error conditions during financial calculations .............................................. 239

3. Distribution function ......................................................................................239

6. Calculation Range .................................................................................................241

1. Arithmetic calculation ....................................................................................241

2. Function calculation ......................................................................................241

viii

Contents

3. Complex number calculation ........................................................................ 245

7. CATALOG Feature ................................................................................................246

8. List of Menu/Sub-menu Items .............................................................................. 247

1. MATH menus .................................................................................................247

2. LIST menus ................................................................................................... 249

3. STAT menus ..................................................................................................251

4. STAT PLOT menus ........................................................................................253

5. DRAW menus ................................................................................................ 254

6. ZOOM menus ................................................................................................255

7. CALC menus .................................................................................................257

8. SLIDE SHOW menus ....................................................................................258

9. PRGM menus ................................................................................................258

10. MATRIX menus .............................................................................................261

11. FINANCE menus ...........................................................................................262

12. TOOL menus .................................................................................................263

13. SOLVER menus ............................................................................................264

INDEX ........................................................................................................................ 265

Caring for Your Calculator

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it

may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and

is particularly fragile.

•Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car

dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to exces-

sively humid or dusty environments.

• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it

where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops,

water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also

cause malfunction.

• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents.

• Do not use a sharp pointed object or exert too much force when

pressing keys.

•Avoid excessive physical stress.

Chapter 1

Getting Started

Before Use

1. Open the battery cover

located on the back of the

calculator. Pull down the

notch, then lift the battery

cover up to remove it.

2. Insert the batteries, as

indicated. Make sure that the

batteries are inserted in the

correct directions.

3. Pull off the insulation sheet

from the memory backup

battery.

4. Place the battery cover

back, and make sure that the

notch is snapped on.

5. Press O and you will

see the following message on the display:

PRESS [CL] KEY TO CLEAR ALL DATA

PRESS [ON] KEY TO CANCEL

Note: If the above message does not appear, check the direction of the

batteries and close the cover again. If this does not solve the

problem, follow the instruction described in "Resetting the

Calculator - 1. Using the reset switch" on page 29.

6. Press C to reset the calculator’s memory. The memory will

be initialized. Press any key to set the calculator ready for

normal calculation mode.

Inserting

batteries -

resetting the

memory

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Since the display contrast may vary with the ambient temperature

and/or remaining battery power, you may want to adjust the

contrast accordingly. Here’s how:

1. Press @, then p.

2. Adjust the contrast by using the + and - keys.

+: increases the contrast

-: decreases the contrast

3. When done, press C to exit the mode.

To open the cover: When in use:

When not in use:

Press @ o to turn the calculator off.

Automatic power off function

• The calculator is automatically turned off when there is no key

operation for approximately 10 minutes (The power-off time

depends on the conditions.)

• The calculator will not automatically power off while it is

executing calculations (“

■

” flashes on the upper right corner of

the display.)

Using the Hard Cover

Adjusting

display contrast

Turning the

calculator OFF

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Part Names and Functions

Main Unit

1 Display screen

2 Power ON/

OFF key

5 Cursor keys

3 Key operation

keys

4 Graphing keys

Chapter 1: Getting Started

1 Display screen:

Displays up to 132 pixels wide by 64 pixels tall of graphs and texts.

2 Power ON/OFF key:

Tu r ns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o.

3 Key operation keys:

These keys are used to change the key functions.

@: Changes the cursor to “2”, and the next keystroke enters the

function or mode printed above each key in yellow.

A: Changes the cursor to “A”, and the next keystroke enters the

alphabetical letter printed above each key in purple.

Note: Press @ . to lock the specific keys in the alphabet

entering mode. (ALPHA-LOCK)

4 Graphing keys:

These keys specify settings for the graphing-related mode.

Y: Opens the formula input screen for drawing graphs.

G:Draws a graph based on the formulas programmed in the Y

window.

T: Opens a Table based on the formulas programmed in Y.

W: Sets the display ranges for the graph screen.

Z: Changes the display range of the graph screen.

U: Places the cursor pointer on the graph for tracing, and displays

the coordinates.

,: Displays the substitution feature.

": Displays both a graph and a table at the same time.

y: Opens the table setup screen.

d:Draws items on the graph. Use this key also to save or recall the

graph/pixel data.

f: Sets the operations of the graph screen.

k: Calculates specific values based on formulas programmed in

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Basic keyboard Advanced keyboard

Basic Operation keys

E: Used when executing calculations or specifying commands.

C / q: Clear/Quit key

B: Backspace delete key

D: Delete key

i:Toggle input mode between insert and overwrite (in one-line edit

mode).

;: Allows you to set up the basic behavior of this calculator, such as

to set answers in scientific or normal notation.

5 Cursor keys:

Enables you to move the cursor (appears as _,

■

, etc. on the screen) in four

directions. Use these keys also to select items in the menu.

Reset switch (in the battery compartment):

Used when replacing batteries or clear the calculator memory.

# key: Returns calculator to calculation screen.

p key: Sets or resets the calculator settings, such as LCD contrast and memory

usage.

n key: Obtains the screen for the slide show.

l key: Accesses list features.

] key: Creates your own slide shows.

[ key: Sets the statistical plotting.

Reversible Keyboard

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Menu keys (Function of these keys may vary between basic and advanced mode.)

M: Enter the Math menu with additional mathematical functions.

S: Enter the statistics menu.

P: Enter the programming menu.

z: Enter the menu for calculator specific variables.

Advanced Mode specific keys

V: Converts hexadecimal, decimal, octal and binary numbers or

solves systems of linear equations, finds roots for quadratic and

cubic equations.

m: Enter menu for matrix functions

': Enter screen and menu for Solver features

g: Enter menu for financial solver and functions

Scientific Calculation keys (See each chapter for details.)

Basic Mode specific keys

Q / / / < / >:

Fraction calculation keys

i: Integer division and remainder calculation keys

%:Percentage calculation key

* In Advanced mode, you can access above functions from

CATALOG menu.

Advanced Mode specific keys

s / c / t / s / c / t:

Trigonometric function keys

l / I / 0 / @:

Logarithm and exponential functions.

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Basic Key Operations

Since this calculator has more than one function assigned to each key, you will need

to follow a few steps to get the function you need.

Example

• Press “as is” to get the function and number printed on each key.

•To access secondary function printed above each key in yellow, press

@ first, then press the key. Press C to cancel.

•To press the key printed above each key in purple, press A first,

then press the key. When in Menu selection screen however, you do

not have to press A to access the characters. Press C to

cancel.

• If you want enter alphabetical letters (purple) sequentially, use @

.. Press A to return to the normal mode.

• In this manual, alphanumeric characters to be entered are indicated

as they are (without using the key symbols). Use of the key symbol

indicates that it is for selecting the menu specified by the character or

number. The above example also indicates the key notation rules of

this manual.

@ x: Specify x

-1

Operation of yA F: Specify character F

y: Specify x

-1

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Changing the Keyboard

This calculator is designed with a reversible keyboard, which by utilizing it will not only

change the appearance, but will also change the internal functions and configurations

of the calculator as well.

1. Press @ o to turn off the calculator’s power.

2. Open the battery

compartment cover.

Hold the calculator as

illustrated.

3. Slide the keyboard eject

tab (KEYBOARD

EJECT) down.

The keyboard will be

ejected.

Be careful not to drop

the keyboard on the floor, as this may damage it.

4. Turn the keyboard

over, and replace in

the calculator as

illustrated. Secure by

gently pressing the

keyboard until you

hear the notch click.

Note: Clean the edges and contact points of the keyboard and the

keyboard tap before reattaching the keyboard to the main unit.

DO NOT touch the pad portion in the keyboard tap.

5. Replace the battery compartment cover.

6. Press O.

7. Make sure that the message

shown on the right appears.

8. Press O.

To change the

keyboard:

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Here are the major ingredients for 18 doughnuts:

cup warm water

cup warm milk

cup sugar

4 cups all-purpose flour

2 eggs

3 tablespoons butter

Based on these values, solve the following problems using the calculator.

Question If you make 60 doughnuts according to the above recipe,

how many cups of warm milk are required?

At first, you may calculate how many cups of warm milk are

required for 1 doughnut =

÷ 18

As for the ordinary calculator, the answer is 0.041666666. But

how much is 0.04166666 of a cup of warm milk? The Basic mode

of this graphing calculator is initially set to the fraction answer

mode instead of the decimal answer mode. You may easily obtain

the answer in fraction.

Quick Run-through: Basic Mode

When you reverse the keyboard, the following settings are automatically changed.

Basic → Advanced

• Simplifying: Auto (Auto at SIMPLE in SETUP menu)

Advanced → Basic

• Coordinate system: Rectangular coordinates (Rect at COORD

in SETUP menu.)

• Answer mode: Displays a mixed number if ANSWER is set to

complex numbers.

• Angle unit: Set to Deg if DRG is set to Grad.

• Decimal format: Set to FloatPt if FSE is set to Eng.

Chapter 1: Getting Started

3. Press 3 b 4 '.

4. Press b 18 '.

5. Press E.

1. Press # to enter the

calculation screen.

2. Press C to clear the

display.

Now we have found

of a cup of warm milk is required per one

doughnut, how many cups are required for 60 doughnuts?

If you want to use the answer of the previous calculation, press

b and you do not have to reenter the value.

6. Press @ b |, or directly | (multiplication).

“Ans×” is displayed. ANS is a calculator specific variable which

indicates the answer of calculations just before.

* When you enter

+ (addition), – (subtraction), × (multiplication),

÷ (division), it is not required to press b.

7. Press 60.

8. Press E.

Answer:

cups of warm milk are required for making 60 doughnuts.

Enter fractions

Set up the

calculator

before

calculation

Chapter 1: Getting Started

On the Basic Mode, you can toggle between decimal values,

mixed values, and improper fractions using >, /, and

<, respectively.

1. Press > E.

2. Press < E.

3. Press / E.

1. Press @ ;.

2. Select F ANSWER and

press 1.

3. Press C.

Now the answer mode is set to the decimal answer mode and 2.5

is displayed.

Change answer

mode from

fractions to

decimals

Chapter 2

Operating the Graphing

Calculator

Basic / Advanced Keyboard

This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard to support two different

keyboard configurations: Basic and Advanced keyboard. By reversing the keyboard,

the calculator switches its set of functions and behaviors as well as its visual aspect.

The Basic keyboard, with its key frame colored in dark green, is designed to be used

by students at lower grades of math classes. Functions associated with complex

calculations, such as matrix functions and various trigonometric functions, are not

included in this layout to avoid confusing students. Menu items are also carefully

chosen to meet the educational needs of the students at lower grades.

With the Advanced keyboard however, all functions and features are accessible for

higher grade math students and various professionals in the fields of architecture,

finance, mathematics, and physics.

How to switch the keyboard

See page 9.

Basic Key Operations - Standard Calculation Keys

The standard calculation keys, located at the bottom four rows of the keyboard,

enable you to access the basic functions of the calculator.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

1. Entering numbers

Use the number keys (0 ~ 9), decimal point key (.), and negative

number key (_) to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the screen entry,

press C.

Example

Type 10.23456789 onto the

Calculation screen.

1. Enter the Calculation screen,

then clear the screen entry:

# C

2. Enter numbers with the number keys and decimal point key, as

follows:

10 . 23456789

Note: $ can be used to enter a value in scientific notation.

Example

6.3

× 10

+ 4.9 × 10

# C 6.3 $ 8 + 4.9

$ 7

The negative number key _ can be used to enter numbers,

lists, and functions with negative values. Press _ before

entering the value.

Note: Do not use the - key to specify a negative value. Doing so

will result in an error.

Example

Type -9460.827513 into the

Calculation screen.

# C _ 9460.827513

Number entry

Entering a

negative value

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

2. Performing standard math calculations

By utilizing the + - | and = keys, you can perform the standard

arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Press

E to perform each calculation.

Example

Obtain the answer to “6

× 5 + 3

– 2”.

# C 6 | 5 + 3

- 2 E

With the ( and ) keys, parentheses (round brackets)

can be added to group sections of expressions. Sections within

the parentheses will be calculated first. Parentheses can also be

used to close the passings of values in various functions, such as

“ipart 3.14”.

Example

Obtain the answer to “(9

+ 7) ×

(5 – 3)”.

# C ( 9 + 7

) | ( 5 - 3

) E

Note: The multiplication sign “

×”, as the one in the above example, can

be abbreviated if it proceeds a math function, a parenthesis “(”, or

a variable. Abbreviating “(1

+ 2) × 3” to “(1 + 2) 3” will result in an

error.

Cursor Basics

The cursor indicates where the next entry will be placed. The cursor may be placed

automatically to different areas by various functions and tools, or can be moved

around by using the ; ' { } keys. Use the cursor keys to select a

menu item, select a cell item in a matrix, and trace along a graph.

Perform an

arithmetic

calculation

Using

parentheses

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Example

Enter “

65536

” in the Calculation screen. Jump the cursor

to the beginning of the expression (just for this exercise), then

press E to calculate.

1. Press #, then C to clear the display.

2. Enter 4 for the root’s depth, then press @ _.

The root figure is entered, with the cursor automatically placed

below the figure.

For detailed instructions of how to use the @ key, refer to

“Second Function Key” and “ALPHA Key” in this chapter.

3. Enter 65536.

At this moment, the cursor is still placed under the root figure.

4. Press ' to move the cursor out of the area, then enter

| at the cursor.

5. Press @ _ again. Notice that the cursor is automati-

cally placed so that you can specify the depth of this root

figure. Type 3, }, and 8.

6. Press E to obtain the

answer.

Mode Symbol Remarks

Normal mode

The appearance of the cursor pointer

may vary according to the mode or

When A is pressed

position. The major shapes and the

definitions are as follows:

When @ is pressed

: Insert mode

: Overwrite mode

* , and appear at the insertion point within the functions such as a/b and

The cursor also displays information regarding the calculator’s

input method. See the following diagram.

Cursor appear-

ance and input

method

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Editing Entries

* See page 26 for details.

The calculator has the following two editing modes: equation

mode, and one line mode.

You can select one from the G EDITOR menu of the SETUP

menu.

Equation editor One line editor

Use ; ' { } to move the cursor around, and

use the D B C keys to edit entries.

• D key deletes an entry AT THE CURSOR.

• B key erases one BEFORE THE CURSOR.

• Use C to clear the entire entry line.

When the editing mode is set to one-line, insert mode needs to

be manually specified. Press and release @, then i to

set the insert mode. Press @ i again to return to the

overwrite mode.

The C key clears all screen entries in the Calculation screen,

as well as clearing error messages. It also clears a single line

equation in the Y screen. For more information on the Y

key, refer to Chapters 4 and 6 of the manual.

Example

Type 3096, then change 3 to 4. When done, jump the cursor to

the very end of the numbers.

# C 3 0 9 6 ;

; ; ; D 4

' ' '

Editing modes

Cursor naviga-

tion

About the Insert

mode

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Example

Type 4500000, then remove 500.

# C 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 ;

; ; B B

Tips: You can jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of line by

using the @ and ; ' keys. To learn about how to

use the @ key and its functions, refer to the section “Second

Function Key” of this chapter.

Second Function Key

Use @ to call up the calculator’s extended key functions, math functions and

figures.

All functions associated with @ are color coded light yellow, and are printed above

each key.

Note: Available Second function keys differ between the Basic keyboard

and the Advanced keyboard. For example, a second function “

”

is not accessible within the Basic keyboard.

Example

Enter “2π” on the screen.

1. Press # C to clear the screen, then enter “2” by

pressing 2.

2. Press @. When the key

is released, the cursor on

the screen changes,

indicating that a second

function is now ready to be

called up.

3. Press $. The entry

appears on the screen.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

ALPHA Key

Use A to enter an alphabet character. With the Basic keyboard, all 26 alphabet

characters from “A” up to “Z”, and space can be typed; the Advanced keyboard has all

26 characters accessible, as well as “

”, “=”, “ : ”, and space.

All functions associated with A are color coded purple, and are printed above

each key.

Note: Do not type out math figures (

sin

log

, etc.), graph equation

names (Y1, Y2, etc.), list names (L1, L2, etc.), or matrix names

(mat A, mat B, etc.), etc. with A keys. If “SIN” is entered from

A mode, then each alphabet character — “S”, “I” and “N” —

will be entered as a variable. Call up the figure and equation

names from within the second functions and various menus

instead. If a colon (:) is used, data may continue to be entered in

more than one term.

Example

Enter 2

× A on the screen.

1. Press # C to clear

the screen. Enter “2

×” by

pressing 2 |.

2. To enter “A”, press A;

the cursor pattern changes

to “A_” upon releasing the key.

3. Press A to call “A” at the

cursor.

After the entry, the cursor

pattern changes back to

normal.

To type more than one alphabet character, use @ then A

to apply the “ALPHA-LOCK”. When done, press A to escape

from the mode.

Entering one

Alphabet

character

Entering 1 or

More Alphabet

characters

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Math Function Keys

Mathematical functions can be called up quickly with the Math Function keys. The

Math Function key sets for both the Basic and Advanced Keyboards are designed to

suit the needs of calculations at each level.

Basic keyboard

Advanced keyboard

Q Reduces a fraction

/ Converts a number to a mixed fraction, if possible

< Converts a number to an improper fraction

> Converts a number to decimal form

i Gives an answer in quotient and remainder

% Specifies a percentage number

x Enters an variable “

x” at the cursor

s Enters a sine function at the cursor

s Enters an arc sine function at the cursor

c Enters a cosine function at the cursor

Math Function keys for the

Basic keyboard:

Math Function keys for the

Advanced keyboard:

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

c Enters an arc cosine function at the cursor

t Enters a tangent function at the cursor

t Enters an arctangent function at the cursor

l Enters a logarithm function at the cursor

0 Enters “10 to the

xth power”, then sets the cursor at the “x”

I Enters a natural logarithm function at the cursor

@ Enters “

e-constant to the power of x”, then sets the cursor at the

“x”

X Enters a variable “

x”, “

”, “T”, or “n”. The variable is automatically

determined according to the calculator’s coordinate setup: “

x” for

rectangular, “

” for polar, “T” for parametric, “n” for sequential.

y Enters “

” at the cursor, to raise a number to the second power

x Enters “

” at the cursor, to raise a number to the negative first

power

d Enters a mixed number.

b Enters a fraction.

a Enters an exponent.

_ By itself enters a “root” figure; the cursor will be set at “a”, the

depth.

Common Math Function

keys for both keyboards:

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Note: If a number precedes d b a and _, then the

number will be set as the first entry of the figure. Else, the first

entry is blank and the cursor flashes.

Examples

2 d 3 }

4 '

; 2 ' 3 } 4 '

+ Enters a “root” figure at the cursor

, Enters “ , ” (a comma) at the cursor

R Stores a number or a formula into a variable

r Recalls an item stored in a variable

z Brings up the VARS menu.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

MATH, STAT, and PRGM Menu Keys

By using the M, S, and P keys, you can access many menu items for

complex calculation tasks. The appendix “List of Menu/Sub-menu Items” shows the

contents of each, with detailed descriptions of each sub-menu item.

Note that the contents of menu items differ drastically between the Basic keyboard

and the Advanced keyboard. For example, the P menu for the Basic mode

contains only one item (A EXEC), while in the Advanced mode there are three menu

items (A EXEC, B EDIT, and C NEW).

Example

Round the following number beyond the decimal point: 34.567

1. Press # C, then

M. The MATH menu

takes over the screen, as

shown to the right. MATH

menu items are displayed on

the left side of the screen.

Note: The example above is simulated on the Basic mode. There are

more menu items available with the Advanced mode.

2. Use the { and } keys to move the cursor up and

down the menu. As you scroll, you will see the corresponding

sub-menu contents (shown on the right side of the screen)

change.

3. Set the cursor at B NUM.

Menu items can also be selected by using shortcut keys (A

through H); in this example, simply press B to select B

NUM. There is no need to use A for this operation.

4. Press a shortcut key 2

to select 2 round(. The

screen now goes back to the

calculation screen, as

follows:

Another way of selecting the sub-menu item is to press '

(or E) on the menu item B NUM. The cursor will be

extended into the sub-menu on the right. Now, move the

cursor on the sub-menu down to 2 round(, then press E.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

5. Type 3 4 . 5 6 7 ,

0 ), and press E.

SETUP Menu

Use this menu to verify basic configurations, such as to define the calculator’s editing

preferences, and scientific and mathematical base units.

To check the current configuration of the calculator, press @,

then ;.

By entering menu items (B

DRG through H SIMPLE),

various setups can be changed.

To exit the SETUP menu, press

Example

Display the calculation result of “1000

” in scientific notation.

1. Press @, then ;.

Within the SETUP menu,

press C, then 3 to

select 3 Sci under the C

FSE menu.

Tips: Using the arrow keys, move the cursor down to the C FSE

position, press E, and then move the cursor down to the 3

Sci position. Press E to select the sub-menu item.

2. The display goes back to the

SETUP menu’s initial screen.

3. Press C to exit the

SETUP menu.

Checking the

calculator’s

configuration

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

4. Press # C to clear

the Calculation screen, type

1 0 0 0 y, then E.

SETUP Menu Items

DRG: For trigonometric calculations and coordinate conversions,

various angle units can be selected:

Deg Angle values to be set in degrees (default for Basic

mode)

Rad Angle values to be set in radians (default for Advanced

mode)

Grad Angle values to be set in gradients (for Advanced mode

only)

FSE: Various decimal formats can be set:

FloatPt Answers are given in decimal form with a floating

decimal point (default).

Fix Answers are given in decimal form. The decimal point

can be set in the TAB menu.

Sci Answers are given in “scientific” notation. For example,

“3500” is displayed as “3.500000000E3”. The decimal

point can be set in the TAB menu.

Eng Answers are given in “engineering” notation with

exponents set to be multiples of 3. “100000” will be

displayed as “100.0000000E3”, and “1000000” will be

shown as “1.000000000E6”. The decimal point can be

set in the TAB menu. (for Advanced mode only)

Note: If the value of the mantissa does not fit within the range

±0.000000001 to ±9999999999, the display changes to

scientific notation. The display mode can be changed

according to the purpose of the calculation.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

TAB: Sets the number of digits beyond the decimal point (0 through 9).

The default is “9”.

COORD: Sets the calculator to various graph coordinate systems.

Rect Rectangular coordinates (default)

Param Parametric equation coordinates (for Advanced mode

only)

Polar Polar coordinates (for Advanced mode only)

Seq Sequential graph coordinates (for Advanced mode

only)

ANSWER: Sets the answer preference to various number formats.

Decimal (Real) Answers will be given in decimal form (default for

Advanced mode)

Mixed (Real) Answers will be given in mixed fractions, whenever

appropriate (default for Basic mode)

Improp (Real) Answers will be given in improper fractions, whenever

appropriate

x±yi (Complex) Answers will be given in complex rectangular form (for

Advanced mode only)

r∠θ (Complex) Answers will be given in complex polar form (for

Advanced mode only)

EDITOR: Sets the editing style to one of two available formats.

Equation Formulas can be

entered in a "type it

as you see it ap-

proach" (default

setting).

One line Formulas will be

displayed on one line.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Notes: Immediately after changing the EDITOR, the calculator will return

to the calculation screen and the following data will be cleared.

• ENTRY memory

• Equations stored in the graph equation window (Y)

• Equations temporally stored in the SOLVER window (@

* Resetting to the default settings (@ p E 1)

will also clear the above data.

Expression of up to 114 bytes can be enetered in the Equation

edit mode. If the expression exceed the screen width, it is

horizontally extended.

Expression of up to 160 bytes can be entered in One-line edit

mode. if the expression exceed the screen width, it goes to the

next line.

SIMPLE: Sets the preference for handling reducible fractions.

Auto Fractions will automatically be reduced down (default)

Manual Fractions will not be reduced unless Q is pressed

Note: All the procedures in this manual are explained using the default

settings unless otherwise specified.

Precedence of Calculations

When solving a mathematical expression, this calculator inter-

nally looks for the following figures and methods (sorted in the

order of evaluation):

1) Fractions (1/4, a/b,

, etc.)

2) Complex angles (∠)

3) Single calculation functions before a numerical value (X

, X

!, “ ° ”, “

”, and “

”)

4) Exponential functions (a

, etc)

5) Multiplications between a value and a stored variable/con-

stant, with “

×” abbreviated (2π, 2A, etc.)

6) Single calculation functions after a numerical value (sin, cos,

tan, sin

, cos

, tan

, log, 10

, ln, e

, , abs, int, ipart, fpart,

(–), not, neg, etc.)

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

7) Multiplications between a number and a function in #6

(3cos20, etc. “cos20” is evaluated first)

8) Permutations and combinations (nPr, nCr)

9) ×, ÷

) +, –

) and

)or, xor xnor

) Equalities and nonequalities (<, ≤, >, ≥, ≠, =, →deg, →dms,

etc.)

Example

The key operation and calculation precedence

5 + 2 | s 30 + 25 | 5 a 3 E

1st

2nd

3rd

6th

5th

4th

• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have

precedence over any other calculations.

Error Messages

The calculator will display an error message when a given

command is handled incorrectly, or when instructions cannot be

handled correctly such that the task cannot be processed further.

Various types of error messages are given to inform users the

types of situations to be remedied.

For example, performing the

following key strokes:

5 | E

will result in an error, and the

error message will be displayed.

In such a situation, you can go back to the expression to correct

its syntax by pressing ; or ', or you can erase the

entire line to start over by pressing C.

For a list of various error codes and messages, refer to the

appendix.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

Resetting the Calculator

Use the reset when a malfunction occurs, to delete all data, or to set all mode values

to the default settings. The resetting can be done by either pressing the reset switch

located in the battery compartment, or by selecting the reset in the OPTION menu.

Resetting the calculator’s memory will erase all data stored by the user; proceed with

caution.

1. Using the reset switch

1. Pull down the notch to open the battery cover located on the

back of the calculator.

2. Place the battery cover back until the notch is snapped on.

3. Press O.

The verification window will

appear on the screen.

4. Press C to clear all the

stored data. Press O to

cancel resetting. After C

is pressed, the calculator's

memory will be initialized.

Press any key to display the

calculation screen.

Note: If the above verification window does not appear, remove the

battery cover and gently push the RESET switch with the tip of a

ball-point pen or a similar object.

DO NOT use a tip of a pencil

or mechanical pencil, a

broken lead may cause a

damage to the button mecha-

nism.

Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator

• The message on the right may

occasionally appear. In this

case, repeat the procedure

from step 1 to prevent loss of

data.

2. Selecting the RESET within the OPTION menu

1. Press @, then p.

The OPTION menu appears.

2. While in the OPTION menu,

press E to select E

RESET; the RESET sub-

menu items should appear on

the right side of the screen.

3. The first item 1 default set will initialize only the SETUP and

FORMAT settings, while the second item 2 All memory will

erase all memory contents and settings. To reset the memory,

select 2 All memory by pressing 2. The verification

window will appear.

4. Press the C key to clear

all data stored on the

calculator.

Press any key to continue.

Chapter 3

Basic Calculations —

Basic Keyboard

In this chapter, we explore more features of this calculator using the Basic Keyboard.

Features such as fraction to decimal conversion and the quotient-remainder key, as

well as basic arithmetic calculations, will be covered in this chapter.

Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Basic Keyboard is

already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Basic Keyboard, read

“Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1.

1. Try it!

The speed of light is known to be 186,282

miles (approximately 300,000 kilometers) per

second. That means light can go around the

earth 7 and a half times within a second!

Suppose you are standing at the equator.

While the earth rotates over the period of one

day, you also rotate around the globe at a

certain speed. Knowing the facts above, can

you figure out how fast you are traveling, in

miles per hour?

Since distance traveled = average speed

× time taken, the

following equation can be formed to find out the circumference of

the earth (x miles):

× 7.5 = 186282

Then,

x = 186282 ÷ 7.5

Since you know the earth turns around once a day (which means,

in 24 hours), divide the above “x” with 24 to get a value in miles

per hour.

× v = x

v =

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

CONCEPT

1. Enter a math expression, then perform the calculation.

2. Save a number into a variable, then recall the value later.

PROCEDURE

1. First, press #, then C to clear any screen entries.

2. Type 186282 = 7.5,

then press E. The

circumference of the earth is

thus obtained.

3. Store the answer in a variable. A variable is a symbol under

which you can store a numerical value.

We will use variable A to

store the circumference of

the earth. Press R to set

the “store” mode. Press

A A, then E to

store the answer. To call up

the stored answer, press A A E again.

Note: While checking the stored values, you may see “0”; this means

that no value is stored in the variable.

4. Now, since the value you

have stored under “A” is the

distance you will be travel-

ling in 24 hours, divide the

number by 24. Press A

A = 24, then E.

So, you are travelling at 1034.9 miles/hour. That is fast!

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

2. Arithmetic Keys

There are various keys for arithmetic calculations. Use the +

- | =, _, ( and ) keys to perform

basic arithmetic calculations. Press E to solve an equation.

E Executes an expression.

Example

• Calculate 1

+ 2.

# C 1 + 2 E

An expression is a mathematical statement that may use num-

bers and/or variables that represent numbers. This works just like

a regular word sentence; one may ask “how are you?”, and you

may answer “okay.” But what if an incomplete sentence is thrown,

such as “how are”? You’ll wonder, “how are... what?”; it just

doesn’t make sense. A math expression needs to be complete as

well. 1 + 2, 4x, 2sinx + cosx form valid expressions, while “1

+” and

“cos” do not. If an expression is not complete, the calculator will

display an error message upon pressing the E key.

+ Enters a “+” sign for addition.

Example

• Calculate 12 + 34.

# C 1 2 + 3 4

- Enters a “–” sign for subtraction.

Example

• Subtract 21 from 43.

4 3 - 2 1 E

Performing

addition,

subtraction,

multiplication

and division

A Note about

expressions

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

| Enters a “×” sign for multiplication.

Example

• Multiply 12 by 34.

1 2 | 3 4 E

= Enters a “÷” sign for division.

Example

• Divide 54 by 32.

5 4 = 3 2 E

The multiplication sign can be left out when:

a. It is placed in front of an

open parenthesis.

b. It is followed by a variable or

a mathematical constant (π,

e, etc.):

c. It is followed by a scientific

function, such as sin, log,

etc.:

_ Sets a negative value.

Example

• Calculate

-12 × 4.

_ 1 2 | 4 E

Note: Do not use the - key to enter a negative value; use the

_ key instead.

When to leave

out the “×” sign

Entering a number

with a negative value

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

( Enters an open parenthesis. Use with “)” as a pair, or the calcula-

tion will result in an error.

) Enters a closing parenthesis; a parenthesis left open will result in

an error.

Example

• Calculate (4 + 6) ÷ 5.

( 4 + 6 ) =

5 E

Note: Functions, such as “round(”,

automatically include an open parentheses. Each of these

functions needs to be closed with a closing parenthesis.

3. Calculations Using Various Function Keys

Use the calculator’s function keys to simplify various calculation tasks. The calculator’s

Basic Keyboard is specially designed to help you learn/solve fraction calculations

easier.

Q Simplifies a given fraction stored in the ANSWER memory.

(Set the SIMPLE mode to Manual in the SETUP menu to use this

key.)

Specifying no common factor

Simplify the fraction using the lowest common factor other than 1.

Example

1 b 12 ' + 5

b 12 E

Q E (Simplified by 2,

the lowest common factor of 12

and 6.)

Q E (Simplified by 3,

the lowest common factor of 6

and 3.)

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

Specifying a common factor

Simplify the fraction using the specified common factor.

Example

1 b 12 ' + 5

b 12 E

Q 6 E (Manually

specify 6, the Greatest Com-

mon Factor of 12 and 6, to

simplify the fraction.)

Note: If the wrong number is specified for a common factor, an error will

occur.

Q is effective in a fraction calculation mode only (when the

ANSWER mode is set to Mixed or Improp in the SETUP menu).

/ Converts an improper fraction to a mixed number.

Example

• Change

to a mixed

number.

12 b 5 ' /

< Converts a mixed number to an

improper fraction.

Example

• Change

to an improper fraction.

< E

> Converts a fraction to a decimal

number.

Example

• Change

to a decimal

number.

> E

Note: Above three conversions will not affect the ANSWER settings in

the SET UP menu.

If a decimal number is not rational, fraction conversion will not

function and display the answer in decimal format.

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

i Performs an integer division, and returns a quotient and a

remainder.

Example

• Get a quotient and a remain-

der of 50

÷ 3.

50 i 3 E

* Quotient value is set to Ans

memory and remainder is not

stored.

y Squares the preceding number.

Example

• Obtain the answer to 12

. (= 144)

12 y E

Note: When no base number is entered, the base number area will be

left blank and just the exponent appear.

C y ;1 2 ' E

d Enters a mixed number.

Example

• Enter

4 d 5 ' 6 E

Note: When no value is entered prior to this key, the number areas will

be left blank.

* If the calculator is set to one-line mode, d enters “ ”

(integer-fraction separator) only. Use d in combination with

b as follows.

• Enter

in one-line mode

4 d 5 b 6 E

* Integer part of the mixed

number must be a natural

number. A variable can not be

used. Equation or use of parenthesis, such as (1

+2) 2

3 or

(5) 2

3, causes syntax error.

* When a numerator or a denominator is negative, the calculator

will cause error.

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

b Enters a fraction, setting the preceding number as its numerator.

* If the calculator is set to one-line mode, then “

” will be entered

instead. For example, “2

5” indicates “

”.

Example

• Calculate

2 b 5 ' + b

3 ' 4 ' E

a Enters an exponent, setting the preceding number as its base.

Example

• Raise 4 to the 5th power. (= 1024)

4 a 5 E

Note: When no base value is entered, “a

” will be entered with both

number areas left blank.

C a ; 4 ' 5 E

When calculating x to the power of m-th power of n, enter as

follows;

• Calculate 2

(= 512)

2 a 3 a 2 E

The above calculation is interpreted as 2

= 2

If you wish to calculate (2

)

= 8

, press ( 2 a 3 '

) a 2 E.

, Enters a comma “ , ” at the cursor. A comma is required in some

of the MATH functions. For more information, refer to the next

section “Calculations Using MATH Menu Items” in this chapter.

R Stores a number in a variable.

Example

• Let A = 4, and B = 6.

Calculate A + B.

4 R A A E

6 R A B E

A A + A B E

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

x Enters an “x”, an unknown variable. Use this key when working

with graph equations. Refer to Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing

Features” to learn how to use this feature.

To access the second function of a key (printed above the keys in

yellow), press and release @, then press the key you want to

use.

% Set the preceding value as a percentage.

Example

• Get 25% of 1234.

1 2 3 4 | 2 5 @

% E

*Percentage must be a positive

value equal to or less than

100.

x Enters “x

”, and returns an inverse by raising a value to the -1

power. The inverse of “5”, for example, is “

”.

Example

• Raise 12 to the

-1 power. (= 0.083333333)

1 2 @ x E

Note: When no base number is entered, “x

” will be entered, with “x” left

blank.

C @ x ;1 2 E

_ Enters “

”.

Example

•Bring 4 to the 5

root. (= 1.319507911)

5 @ _ 4 E

Note: When no depth of power is entered, “

” is entered, with both

number areas left blank.

C @ _ 5 ' 4 E

+ Enters a square root symbol.

Example

• Obtain the square root of 64. (= 8)

@ + 6 4 E

Second

functions

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

r Recalls a variable.

Example

• Set C = 8.

8 R A C E

Recall the value of C.

@ r A C E

z Accesses the VARS menu. Refer to chapters 4 and 6 to learn how

to use each item in this menu.

{ } Enter braces to group numbers as a list.

b Recalls the previous answer. Use this key to incorporate the

answer to the previous calculation into an expression.

Example

•Perform 3

× 3.

3 | 3 E

Subtract the value of the

previous answer from “10”.

1 0 - @ b E

Note: b can be considered as a variable; its value is automatically

set when E is pressed. If b is not empty, then pressing

+, -, |, or = will recall “Ans” and places it at

the beginning of an expression. If “1” was the previous answer,

then pressing + 4 E will result in “5”.

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

e Recalls the previous entry. This is useful when you want to modify

the previous entry, rather than reenter the whole expression over.

Example

• Calculate 4

× 6.

4 | 6 E

Next, calculate 4 × 8.

@ e B 8 E

Note: Executed expressions are stored in a temporary memory in the

executed order. If the temporary memory is full, the oldest data is

automatically deleted. Be aware that e may not function on

these occasions.

A maximum of 160 bytes can be stored in the temporary memory.

The capacity may vary when there are division codes between

expressions.

When switching from equation edit mode to one-line edit mode in

the SETUP menu, all the numerical and graph equations stored in

the temporary memory are cleared and cannot be recalled.

$ Enters “pi”. Pi is a mathematical constant, representing the ratio

of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Example

• Enter “2π”. (= 6.283185307)

2 @ $ E

j Calls up the CATALOG menu. From the CATALOG menu, you can

directly access various functions in the menus.

• Functions are listed in alphabetic order.

•Move the cursor using the {/} keys and press E

to access or enter the function.

• Press A and an appropriate alphabetic key (A to Z) to

navigate the catalog.

• Press A

+ { /} to scroll the catalog page by page

and press @ + {/} to jump to the beginning or the

end of the catalog.

• See page 246 for details.

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

4. Calculations Using MATH Menu Items

The MATH menu contains functions used for more elaborate math concepts, such as

trigonometry, logarithms, probability, and math unit/format conversions. The MATH

menu items may be incorporated into your expressions.

Note: The default angle measurement unit while using the calculator’s

Basic Keyboard is degrees. If you wish to work in radians, then

the configuration must be changed in the SET UP menu. For

more information, see page 25.

The degree and radian systems are two of the basic methods of

measuring angles. There are 360 degrees in a circle, and “2-pi”

radians. 1 degree is equal to pi/180 radians. “Then, what’s this

pi?”, you may ask. Pi, or to use its symbol “π”, is the ratio of the

circumference of a circle to its diameter. The value of π is the

same for any circle “3.14...”, and it is believed to have an infinite

number of digits beyond the decimal point.

A CALC

The CALC sub-menu contains items to be used in calculations

containing trigonometric and logarithmic functions.

Note: The following examples show keystrokes with keyboard shortcuts.

It is also possible to select a sub-menu item using the cursor

keys.

1 sin Enters a sine function to be used in a trigonometric calculation.

Example

• Calculate sine 90°.

M A 1 9 0 E

2 cos Enters a cosine function to be

used in a trigonometric calcula-

tion.

Example

• Calculate cosine 60°.

M A 2 6 0 E

A Note about

Degrees and

Radians

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

3 tan Enters a tangent function to be used in a trigonometric calcula-

tion.

Example

• Calculate tangent 45°.

M A 3 4 5 E

4 log Enters a “log” function for a logarithmic calculation

Example

• Calculate log 100.

M A 4 1 0 0

5 10

Enters a base of 10, setting the

cursor at the exponent.

Example

• Calculate 5

× 10

5 | M A 5 5 E

B NUM

Use the NUM sub-menu items when converting between various

number systems.

1 abs( abs(

value

)

Returns an absolute value.

*A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used

as values.

Example

• Find an absolute value of

“

-40.5”.

M B 1 _ 4 0

. 5 E

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

2 round( round(

value [

digit number of decimals]

)

Returns the rounded value of the term in parentheses. A rounding

point can be specified.

*A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used

as values.

Example

• Round off 1.2459 to the nearest hundredth. (= 1.25)

M B 2 1 . 2 4 5 9 , 2 ) E

3 ipart ipart

value

Returns only the integer part of a decimal number.

*A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used

as values.

Example

• Discard the integer part of 42.195. (= 42)

M B 3 4 2 . 1 9 5 E

4 fpart fpart

value

Returns only the fraction part of a decimal number.

*A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used

as values.

Example

• Discard the fraction part of 32.01. (= 0.01)

M B 4 3 2 . 0 1 E

5 int int

value

Rounds down a decimal number to the closest integer.

Example

• Round down 34.56 to the nearest whole number. (= 34)

M B 5 3 4 . 5 6 E

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

6 min( min(

list

)

Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of numbers. To

define a list of more than two numbers, group the numbers with

brackets (@ { and @ }), with each element

separated by a comma.

Example

• Find the smallest value among 4, 5, and

-9.

M B 6 @ { 4 , 5 , _ 9

@ } ) E

7 max( max(

list

)

Finds and returns the maximum

value within a list of numbers.

Example

• Find the largest value among 4, 5, and

-9.

M B 7 @ { 4 , 5 , _ 9

@ } ) E

8 lcm( lcm(

natural number

)

Returns the least common multiple of two integers.

Example

• Find the least common multiple of 12 and 18.

M B 8 1 2 , 1 8 ) E

9 gcd( gcd(

natural number

natural

number

)

Returns the greatest common

divisor of two integers.

Example

• Find the greatest common divisor of 16 and 36.

M B 9 1 6 , 3 6 ) E

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

0 remain

natural number

remain

natural number

Returns the remainder of a division.

Example

• Obtain the remainder when

123 is divided by 5.

1 2 3 M B 0 5

CPROB

Use the PROB sub-menu items for probability calculations.

1 random random

[(number of trial)]

Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1.

Example

• Make a list with three random

numbers.

Note: Set the “FSE” to “Fix” and “TAB”

to “0”.

@ { M C

1 | 100 , M C 1 | 100 ,

M C 1 | 100 @ } E

Note: The random functions (random, rndInt(, rndCoin, and rndDice)

will generate different numbers every time when the display is

redrawn. Therefore, the table values of the random functions will

be different every time. When in case of random-based graphing

calculations, the tracing values and other parameters of the graph

will not match the graph's visual representation.

2 rndInt( rndInt(

minimum value, maximum value [, number of trial]

)

Returns a specified number of random integers, between a

minimum and a maximum value.

Example

• Produce eight random integers, ranging between values of 1

and 6.

M C 2 1 , 6 , 3 ) E

* Minimum value: 0 ≤

min

≤ 10

Maximum value: 0 ≤ x

max

≤ 10

Number of trial: 1 ≤ n ≤ 999

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

3 rndCoin rndCoin

[(number of trial)]

Returns a specified number of random integers to simulate a coin

flip: 0 (head) or 1 (tail). The size of the list (i.e., how many times

the virtual coin is thrown) can be specified. (The same as rndInt

(0, 1, number of times))

Example

• Make the calculator flip a

virtual coin 4 times.

M C 3 ( 4

) E

4 rndDice rndDice

[(number of trial)]

Returns specified number of random integers (1 to 6) to simulate

rolling dice. The size of the list (i.e., how many times the die is

thrown) can be specified. (The same as rndInt (1, 6, number of

times))

Example

• Make the calculator roll a virtual die 11 times.

M C 4 ( 11 ) E

5 nPr Returns the total number of different arrangements (permuta-

tions) for selecting “r” items out of “n” items.

(n – r)!

Example

•How many ways can 6

persons be seated in a car

with 4 seats?

6 M C 5 4 E

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

6 nCr Returns the total number of combinations for selecting “r” item out

of “n” items.

r!(n

–

r)!

Example

•How many different groups of

7 students can be formed with

15 students?

1 5 M C 6 7

7 ! Returns a factorial.

Example

• Calculate 6

× 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1.

6 M C 7 E

D CONV

CONV sub-menu items are to be used when converting a number

in decimal form (degrees) to a number in sexagesimal form

(degrees, minutes, seconds), or vice versa.

The “base 60” sexagesimal system, as well as the minutes-

second measurement system, was invented by the Sumerians,

who lived in the Mesopotamia area around the fourth millennium

B.C.(!) The notion of a 360 degrees system to measure angles

was introduced to the world by Hipparchus (555-514 B.C.) and

Ptolemy (2nd cent. A.D.), about 5000 years later. We still use

these ancient systems today, and this calculator supports both

formats.

1 →deg Ta kes a number in sexagesimal form, and converts it into a

decimal number.

Example

• Convert 34° 56’ 78” to

degrees.

3 4 M E 1 5 6

M 2 7 8 M

3 M D 1

Sexagesimal

and Degree

System

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard

2 →dms Takes a number in decimal form (in degrees), and converts it into

a sexagesimal number. To enter a number in sexagesimal form,

use items in the “ANGLE” sub-menu, described in the next

subsection of this Chapter.

Example

• Show 40.0268 degrees in

degrees, minutes, and

seconds.

4 0 . 0268 M D

2 E

E ANGLE

The Basic mode has two angle modes: Deg (degree) and Rad

(radian). Use the E ANGLE menu to enter a degree value in Rad

mode or a radian value in Deg mode. (The gradient mode is not

included in the Basic mode. Refer to Chapter 5 for details.)

1 ° Inserts a degree, and sets the preceding value in degrees.

2 ’ Inserts a minute, and sets the preceding value in minutes.

3 ” Inserts a second, and sets the preceding value in seconds.

Example

• Enter 34° 56’ 78”.

3 4 M E 1

5 6 M 2 ← “E ANGLE” remains selected;

7 8 M 3 type the number to enter the symbols.

4 r Enters an “r”, to enter a number in radians.

Example

•Type 2 radian.

2 M E 4 E

Chapter 4

Basic Graphing Features

— Basic Keyboard

This chapter takes the knowledge you have gained in Chapter 3 several steps further.

Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Basic Keyboard is

already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Basic Keyboard, read

“Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1.

1. Try it!

Two math expressions can be derived from the above fare

systems. If “y” represents the cost, while “x” represents the

mileage, then:

y = 2 + 1.8x.................... Tomato Cab’s fare system

y = 3.5 + 1.2x ................ Orange Cab’s fare system

Use the calculator’s graphing capabilities to figure out the

approximate point where the Orange Cab gets ahead of the

Tomato Cab, in terms of cost performance.

There are two taxi cab companies in your city, Tomato Cab and Orange Cab,

with different fare systems. The Tomato Cab charges $2.00 upon entering the

taxi cab, and $1.80 for each mile the taxi travels. The Orange Cab, on the other

hand, charges $3.50 plus $1.20 per mile. This means that taking the Tomato

Cab will initially cost less than

going with the Orange Cab, but

will be more expensive as you

travel longer distances.

Suppose you need to go to a place

3 miles away from where you are

now. Which cab company should

you take to save money?

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

CONCEPT

1. By using two linear graphs, the approximate crossing point

can be found.

2. The exact crossing point can be found with the TABLE

function.

PROCEDURE

1. Press Y to enter the Graph Equation window. Six equa-

tion entry areas appear, from “Y1=” to “Y6=”. Since we need

only two equations in this exercise, let’s use “Y1=” and “Y2=”.

2. By default, the cursor should be placed on the right side of the

“Y1=” equation, next to the equal sign. If this is not so, use the

cursor keys to bring the cursor to the “Y1=” line, then press the

C key to clear any entries. The cursor will automatically be

placed to the right of the equal sign.

3. Enter the first equation, “2

+ 1.8X”, to represent the Tomato

Cab’s fare system.

2 + 1 . 8 x

Use the x key to enter the “x”, representing the distance

in miles.

4. When the equation line is complete, press E. The first

equation is now stored, and the cursor automatically jumps to

the second line, where the second equation can be entered.

5. At the second line, press

C to clear any entries,

then enter “3.5

+ 1.2X” to

represent the Orange Cab’s

fare system. When done

entering the equation, press

E. The two equations are now ready to graph.

6. Press G to draw the graphs.

To draw a graph, “=” must be highlighted. If not, move the

cursor to “=” of the targeted equation and press E to draw

a graph, and press E again not to draw a graph.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

Graph Basics

The graph examples in this exercise are called X-Y graphs. An

X-Y graph is quite useful for clearly displaying the relationship

between two variables.

7. Let’s take a look at the

graph. The vertical axis

represents the Y value, while

X is represented by the

horizontal axis. It appears

that the two diagonal lines

cross at the point where the X value is somewhere between 2

and 3, indicating that Orange Cab costs less than the other,

after 3 miles of traveling.

8. Next, press T to find the

values per graph increment.

When the traveling distance

is 2 miles, the Tomato Cab

charges 30 cents less overall

than the Orange Cab, but it

costs 30 cents more at 3 miles. To make the X increment

smaller, press @ y.

9. When the Table setting window appears, move the cursor

down to “TBLStep”, type . 5, and press E. Now

the Y values will be sampled at every 0.5 mile.

. Press T to show the

table again. It indicates that

when the X value is 2.5, both

Y1 and Y2 values are 6.5. It

is now clear that if you are

traveling 2.5 miles or more,

the Orange Cab costs less.

2. Explanations of Various Graphing Keys

Y: Displays the Graph Equation window. Up to 10 different equations

can be entered.

After the graph expression is entered, press E to store the

equation.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

= : The expression can be represented as a graph.

= : The expression cannot be drawn as a graph.

•Move the cursor pointer to the “=” sign and press E to

change between to-draw and not-to-draw.

Note: To switch the window back to the calculation screen, simply press

the # key.

G: Draws a full-screen graph based on the equation(s) entered in the

Graph Equation window. To cancel the graph drawing, press

Note: If no equations are entered in the Graph equation window, only

the vertical (Y) and horizontal (X) axis will be displayed upon

pressing the G key.

T: Displays the graph values in a table. The default sample incre-

ment value of the graph’s X axis is “1”.

Z: Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu, various

preferences can be set for the graph appearance on zooming in/

out .

The menu items with each function and the sub-menu items are

described below:

A ZOOM

There are a myriad of tools under this menu item, by which the

graph can be zoomed in/out in various styles. Press “A” within the

ZOOM menu to select this menu item.

1 Auto According to the WINDOW setup, the graph will be

zoomed in by adjusting the “Ymin” (the minimum Y

value) and “Ymax” (the maximum Y value) according to

the “Xmin” (the minimum X value) and “Xmax” (the

maximum X value). When this item is selected, the

graph will automatically be redrawn.

Note: The “Auto” sub-menu item is directly affected by how the WIN-

DOW items are set up. Refer to the W key section in this

chapter to learn how to set up the Xmin and Xmax items.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

2 Box A box area can be specified with this sub-menu tool so

that the area within the box will be displayed full

screen.

To select a box area to zoom:

1. While the ZOOM menu item is selected within the

ZOOM window, press 2 to select 2 Box.

2. The graph appears on the screen. Use the cursor

keys to position the cursor at a corner of the

required box area. Press E to mark the point as

an anchor.

3. Once the initial anchor is set, move the cursor to a

diagonal corner to define the box area. When the

required area is squared off, press E .

If a mistake is made, the anchor can be removed by

pressing the C key.

4. The graph will automatically be redrawn.

3 In A zoomed-in view of the graph will be displayed, sized

according to the B FACTOR set up under the ZOOM

menu. For example, if the vertical and horizontal zoom

factors are set to “2”, then the graph will be magnified

two times. Refer to the B FACTOR segment of this

section for more information.

4 Out The graph image will be zoomed out according to the B

FACTOR setup under the ZOOM menu.

5 Default The graph will be displayed with default graph setting

(Xmin =

-10, Xmax = 10, Xscl = 1, Ymin = -10, Ymax =

10, Yscl = 1)

6 Square Set the same scale for X and Y axes. The Y-axis scale

is adjusted to the current X-axis scale. The graph will

be redrawn automatically.

7 Dec Sets the screen dot as 0.1 for both axes. The graph will

then be redrawn automatically.

8 Int Sets the screen dot as 1.0 for both axes. The graph will

then be redrawn automatically.

9 Stat Displays all points of statistical data set.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

B FACTOR

Use this menu to set the vertical and horizontal zooming factor.

The factor set under this menu directly affects the zoom rate of

the 3 In and 4 Out sub-menu tools under the ZOOM menu, as

described above.

To set the zooming factor, do the following:

1. Within the

B FACTOR menu,

press E to

activate the setup

tool.

2. When the “Zoom factor” window appears, the cursor

is automatically placed at “X_Fact=”. The default

zoom factor is 4; enter the required value here.

3. Pressing E after entering a value will switch the

cursor position to “Y_Fact=”. Enter the required

zooming factor, and press E.

4. To go back to the ZOOM menu, press the Z

key.

C POWER

Use this zooming tool when the equation contains a

form of “x

”.

–1

Use this zooming tool when the equation contains a

form of “

”.

Use this tool to zoom correctly when the equation

contains a form of “

”.

D EXP

1 10

Use this tool when the equation contains a form of

“10

”.

2 log X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “log

x”.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

E TRIG

1 sin X Use this when the equation contains a sine function.

2 cos X Use this when the equation contains a cosine function.

3 tan X Use this when the equation contains a tangent func-

tion.

F STO

Under this menu item there is one tool that enables the storing of

graph window settings.

1 StoWin By selecting this sub-menu item, the current graph

window setup will be stored.

Note: The actual graph image will not be stored with this tool.

G RCL

Under this menu item there are two tools that enable the recalling

of the previous graph window setup:

1 RclWin On selecting this sub-menu item, the previously stored

window setup will be recalled, and the graph will be

redrawn accordingly. If no window setup has been

stored previously, the default graph window setup will

be used.

2 PreWin On selecting this sub-menu item, the window setup

prior to the current zoom setup will be recalled, and the

graph will be redrawn accordingly.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

U: Press this button to trace the graph drawn on the screen, to

obtain the X-Y coordinates:

1. While the graph is displayed,

press the U key. The

cursor appears, flashing on

the graph line, with the

present X-Y coordinates.

2. Trace the graph using the ; or ' keys. The ; key

decreases the value of x, while the ' key increases it.

3. Pressing the U key again will redraw the graph, with the

cursor at the center of the screen. If the cursor is moved

beyond the range of the screen, pressing the U key will

redraw the screen centered around the cursor.

4. When done, press the C key to escape the tracing

function.

If more than one graph is displayed on the screen, use the {

or } keys to switch the cursor from one graph to the other.

Note: If the U key is not activated, the cursor will not be bound to

the graph. Pressing the ;, ', {, or } keys will

position the free-moving flashing cursor on the graph display.

W: Displays the graph window setup. The setup values — the

minimum/maximum X/Y values, and X/Y-axis scale — can be

changed manually:

1. While the graph is displayed

on the screen, press the

W key. The following

window appears, with the

cursor set at “Xmin=”.

2. The required X-minimum value can be entered here. This

limits the left boundary of the graph window. For example, if

“Xmin=” is set to “0”, then the portion of the graph’s Y-axis to

the left will not be displayed.

3. Once the “Xmin=” value is entered (“0”, for example), press

E. The left limit of the graph is now set, and the cursor

moves to “Xmax=”.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

• When @ " are pressed on the graph screen, the graph

and table are displayed on the same screen.

• When @ " are pressed on the equation input screen,

the graph and equation are displayed on the same screen.

4. Now the right boundary of the graph can be set. Enter the

required value here (“3”, for example), and press E.

Note: The “Xmax=” value cannot be set equal to or smaller than the

value of “Xmin”. If so done, the calculator will display an error

message upon attempting to redraw the graph, and the graph will

not be displayed.

5. The next item “Xscl=” sets the frequency of the X-axis indices.

The default value is “1”. If, for example, the value is set to

“0.5”, then indices will be displayed on the X-axis at incre-

ments of 0.5. Enter the required “Xscl=” value (“0.5”, for

example), and press E.

6. The “Ymin=”, “Ymax=”, and “Yscl=” can be set, as was

described for “Xmin=”, “Xmax=”, and “Xscl=” above.

7. When done, press the G key to draw the graph with the

newly configured window setup.

3. Other Useful Graphing Features

": Splits the display vertically, to show the graph on the left side of

the screen while showing the X-Y values in a table on the right.

The cursor is positioned on the table, and can be scrolled up/

down using the { or } keys.

Graph and table Graph and equation

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

G@ " Y@ "

@ "

The following illustration shows these relationships.

• The split screen is always in the trace mode. Therefore, the

cursor pointer appears on the graph. Accordingly, the coordi-

nate values are displayed reverse in the table and in the

equation at which the cursor pointer is located is also displayed

reversely.

• Using ; or ', move the cursor along the graph.

(Values displayed reverse in the table are also changed

accordingly.)

• When two or more graphs are displayed on the screen, the

desired graph is selected using { or }. (The table or

equation on the right of the screen is also changed accordingly.)

• The table on the split screen does not relate to the table

settings on the full-screen table.

• The table on the split screen is displayed in units of trace

movement amount based on the cursor pointer position on the

graph screen. When the full-screen table is displayed by

pressing T, a different table may appear on the screen.

• When the EXPRES or Y’ is set to ON on the FORMAT menu,

the equation or coordinates are displayed on the graph screen.

• Only equations to be graphed are displayed on the split screen.

• Press G or T on the split screen to display the full-

screen of the graph or table. To exit the split screen, press any

of other function keys.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

k: Calculations can be performed on the entered graph equation(s).

Press @ k to access. The following 6 sub-menu tools are

available:

1 Value With this sub-menu tool, the Y value can be obtained

by entering an X value. The flashing graph cursor will

then be placed in that position on the graph. If more

than one graph equation is set, use the { or

} keys to switch to the equation you wish to work

with.

Note: If the entered X value

is incalculable, an

error message will be

displayed. Also, if the

Y value exceeds the

calculation range, then “----” will be displayed instead.

2 Intsct With this tool, the intersection(s) of two or more graphs

can be found, where the flashing cursor will be placed.

When the intersection is found, then the X-Y coordi-

nates of the intersection will be displayed at the bottom

of the screen. If there is more than one intersection,

the next intersection(s) can be found by selecting the

tool again.

Note: If there is only one

graph equation

entered there will be

no other graph(s) to

form an intersection,

so selecting this tool

will result in an error.

3 Minimum Finds the minimum of the given graph, and places the

flashing cursor at that position.

Note: If the given graph has

no minimum value,

an error message will

be displayed.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

4 Maximum Finds the maximum of the given graph, and places the

flashing cursor at that position.

Note: If the given graph has

no maximum value,

an error message will

be displayed.

5 X_Incpt Finds an X-intercept (a crossing point of the graph on

the X-axis) of the given graph, and places the flashing

cursor at that position. If there is more than one X-

intercept, the next X-intercept can be found by select-

ing the tool again.

Note: If the graph has no X-

intercept, an error

message will be

displayed.

6 Y_Incpt Finds an Y-intercept of the given graph, and places the

flashing cursor at that position.

Note: If the graph has no Y-

intercept, an error

message will be

displayed.

d: There is an extensive set of features under this menu item that

enhance the graphing capabilities of the calculator. Only the

shading function will be covered here; refer to Chapter 6 “Ad-

vanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard” in this manual

for more information.

To access the DRAW menu, press @ d.

An inequation can be expressed with the calculator’s graphing

capability. Here’s how:

1. Set up a simple graph within the Graph Equation window.

Enter “X

” for Y1, for example.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

2. Press @, and d to enter the DRAW menu, then press

G to select G SHADE. The SHADE sub-menu appears.

3. Press 1 to select 1 SET.

The “Set shade” window

appears.

4. Using the cursor keys, move

the cursor pointer to the

appropriate position.

5. Press @ z A.

6. Press 1 to select Y1.

7. When the value is set, press

the G key. The graph will

be redrawn.

8. Let’s add another inequation,

so that the area where the

two inequality overlap can be shaded. Press the Y key,

and enter another simple graph equation such as “X

+ 4” for

“Y2”.

9. Now, return to the SHADE menu by pressing @ d,

and G. Press 1 to select “1 SET”.

. Within the “Set shade” window, add the second equation at the

right of the topmost inequation. Use the ' or ; key to

position the underscore cursor, then select “Y2” using the

VARS menu.

. Press the G to redraw the graph with the new shading

appearance.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

f: The graph appearance can be set and verified under this menu.

Press @ f to access.

A –––––– Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default

setting is:

OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed

on the graph)

OFF (for displaying numeric derivatives on

the graph)

ON (for displaying the X/Y axis on the

graph)

OFF (for displaying a grid on the graph)

B EXPRES This sets whether or not graph equations are displayed

on the graph screen. To display the equations on the

graph, select 1 ON by pressing 1 at this menu

item.

C Y’ The numeric derivative (dx/dy) can be displayed on the

graph screen. To activate this function, select 1 ON by

pressing 1 at this menu item.

D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item.

To hide the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by

pressing 2 at this menu item.

E GRID The graph display can be backed with an X-Y grid. To

show the grid on the graph, select 1 ON by pressing

1 at this menu item.

Substitution feature

• The substitution feature allows you to input an equation using characters and

variables, and then substitute numeric values for the characters to draw the graph.

• The substitution feature is valid only in the rectangular coordinate system.

Using this feature, any number of numeric value sets can be substituted while

referring to the graph drawing screen. This clearly shows the changes in the graph

depending on numeric values.

For example, the graph for “Y1 = AX

+ BX

+ CX

– D” is drawn by substituting

numeric values for variables A, B, C, and D of the equation.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

1. Press @ ,.

The substitution feature

screen will appear. The

equation on which the cursor

pointer is located and its

variables are displayed on

the right of the screen.

If variables (characters) contain no values, the graph is not

drawn.

If independent memories A to C contain any numeric values,

the graph is drawn based on these values.

* If the equation (in this example, Y1) on which the cursor is

located contains no variables, the substitution feature screen

will not appear.

• 22 kinds of variables (characters), A to Z except for R, T, X, and Y can be used for

the substitution feature.

• Up to seven variables (characters) can be used for one equation. (If the equation

contains more than seven variables (characters), up to seven characters from the

top of the equation are determined as variables and subsequent characters are

ignored.)

• If you attempt to execute an equation containing no variables, the substitution

feature becomes invalid and the error message, “NO VARIABLE”, appears on the

screen.

•To input the equation, there are the following two methods after Y has been

pressed. After the equation has been input, the same operations apply to subse-

quent steps.

Example

Substitute numeric values under the conditions that “Y1 = AX

BX + C” and “Y2 = AX” have been input.

Equation Entry screen

The cursor pointer is located at

Y1. Drawing of both graphs Y1

and Y2 is valid.

Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard

2. Press 2 E.

(2 is input to A.)

The graph for “Y1 = 2X

” is

drawn. (Since B and C have

no values, they are ignored.)

At this time, the graph for Y2

is also drawn. Y2 also uses variable A which is used in Y1.

Therefore, the drawing of the graph for Y2 is also valid.

* If you need to draw only the graph for Y2, it is necessary to

change variables (characters) or make the graph drawing for

Y1 invalid.

3. Press 1 E.

(1 is input to B.)

The graph is changed from

“Y1 = 2X

” to “Y1 = 2X

1X”.

4. Press _ 3 E.

(

-3 is input to C.)

Now, the graph for “Y1 = 2X

+ 1X – 3” is drawn on the

screen.

Next, change variable A from 2 to 5 and see how the graph

changes.

1. Press { { 5 E.

(The cursor is moved from C

to A and 5 is input.)

The slope of the graph

becomes sharp.

*Move the cursor accordingly and substitute other numeric

values for variables to view how the graph changes.

* The trace function cannot be used in the substitution feature.

(When U is pressed, the full-screen graph will appear.)

Chapter 5

Advanced Calculations —

Advanced Keyboard

Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is

already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read

“Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1.

1. Try it!

The Mendocino Tree, a coast redwood growing in Montgomery Woods State

Reserve in California, is known to be the tallest living tree in the world. You are

to find out how tall the tree is by using the following factors:

• The distance from you to the bottom of the

tree is exactly 505.8 feet, and the tree

stands vertically.

• The angle of elevation between the top

and the bottom of the tree is 36 degrees

If the base length of the right triangle is 505.8 feet, and the angle

of elevation is 36 degrees, then the following expression can be

derived:

the height of the Mendocino tree (ft.) = 505.8 ft.

× tan(36°)

CONCEPT

1. Verify/change the calculator’s angle unit.

2. Use the calculator’s trigonometric function key on the

Advanced keyboard to enter/perform the calculation.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

PROCEDURE

1. Since the angle of elevation is measured in degrees, the

calculator’s angle setting will

need to be matched with

that. Press @ ; to

bring up the SETUP menu.

2. On the right side of the

SETUP menu, the current

setup will be displayed.

Make sure that the top line is

indicated as Deg (i.e.,

degrees). If not, then the

angle system will need to be

changed. Press B to

select B DRG, then press

1 to select 1 Deg.

3. Now, let’s work on the actual calculation part. Press the #

key to enter the Calculation screen, and press C to clear

any screen entries.

4. Press 505.8 | t

36. Press E to execute

the calculation.

2. Various Calculation Keys

The calculator’s Advanced Keyboard is designed so that various advanced-level

expressions can be written quickly with few strokes of the keys.

Note: The default angle unit for the Advanced mode is radians. The

examples hereafter will therefore feature the radian angle system,

unless otherwise specified.

The keys with each associated math function are described

below. Refer to the usage diagram in the Appendix for the

parameters for each sub-menu item.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

s Enters a sine function to be used in a trigonometric expression.

c Enters a cosine function to be used in a trigonometric expression.

t Enters a tangent function to be used in a trigonometric expres-

sion.

l Enters a common logarithm function.

I Enters a natural logarithm function.

Example

• Calculate In

I @ @ 4 E.

y Raises the preceding value to the 2nd power.

If no preceding value exists, then the base value will be left blank.

d Enters a mixed number, with all elements left blank. If a preceding

number exists, then the number is assumed as the integer part of

the mixed number. (See page 37.)

b Enters a fraction. Sets the preceding value as its numerator while

the denominator left blank. (See page 38.)

If no preceding value exists, then both the numerator and the

denominator will be left blank.

a Raises the preceding value to a power. The exponent value can

subsequently be entered.

If no preceding value exists, then both the base and the exponent

area will be left blank. (See page 38.)

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

The following math functions can be accessed with the use of @ key. To learn the

basic steps of how to access the second function of each key, refer to the section

“Second Function Key” of Chapter 2.

s Enters an arcsine function to be used in a trigonometric expres-

sion.

Example

• Calculate arcsine 1.

@ s 1 E.

c Enters an arccosine function to

be used in a trigonometric

expression.

Example

• Calculate arccosine 0.5.

@ c 0.5 E.

t Enters an arctangent function to be used in a trigonometric

expression.

Example

• Calculate arctangent 1.

@ t 1 E.

Note: Expressions with inverse trigonometric functions evaluate in the

following ranges.

= sin

-1

= tan

-1

= cos

-1

Deg: 0 ≤ |

| ≤ 90 Deg: 0 ≤ |

| ≤ 180

Rad: 0 ≤ |

| ≤

Rad: 0 ≤ |

| ≤ π

Grad: 0 ≤ |

| ≤ 100 Grad: 0 ≤ |

| ≤ 200

0 Raises 10 to the power of x.

@ Enters the Euler Number

e (2.71…) to a power. The cursor will

then be placed at the exponent.

Example

• Obtain a value of e

@ @ 3 E.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

x Raises a preceding value to the power of -1. If no value is

preceded, then the cursor will be placed at the base.

_ Enters an a

root of a base. When a value precedes, then the

value will be incorporated as the index number. Otherwise, both

entry areas will be left blank.

+ Enters a square root; sets the cursor at the base entry area.

$ Enters π (3.14…).

~ Sets the following value as

, assuming the preceding value is the

radius of the polar coordinates.

# Enters i (representing

-1

), to make imaginary or combination

numbers.

3. Calculations Using MATH Menu

The Advanced keyboard has considerably more MATH menu items to choose from

than that of the Basic keyboard:

A CALC Contains sub-menu tools for advanced calculations. To access

each sub-menu item, make sure that this A CALC menu item is

selected. Pressing the ' cursor key will extend the cursor to

the sub-menu items. Items can then be highlighted by scrolling

with {, }, ; or ', and selected by pressing

E, or simply use the short cut key stroke (i.e., select 01 by

pressing 0 and 1).

A sub-menu item with open parenthesis will need to be completed

by the closing parenthesis; failure to do so will result in an error.

01 log

log

value

Enters a base-2

logarithm (log

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

02 2

value

Raises 2 to a power. Sets the cursor to exponent.

03 fmin( fmin(

equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x

)

Returns the value of

variable x when the

equation Y has the

minimum value within

the specified range of

04 fmax( fmax(equation,

lower limit of x, upper limit of x

)

Return the value of variable x when the equation Y has

the maximum value within the specified range of x.

05 d/dx( d/dx(

equation, value of x [, tolerance]

)

Returns derivative of

equation Y at the

specified X value

using the tolerance (if

not specified, default

value is 1E–5).

06 ∫∫

equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance]

Calculates an integral

value of equation Y

from the lower limit to

the upper limit using

the specified toler-

ance (if not specified,

default value is 1E–5). Use in conjunction with the 07

dx sub-menu item.

• Press the keys as follows in the Equation edit mode.

M A 0 6 2 { 8 ' (

X a 3 ' - 0.5 X y +

6 ) , 0.001 M A 0 7

07 dx Enters a differential “

” in an integration expression.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

08 ∑( ∑(

expression, initial value, end value [, increment]

)

Returns the cumula-

tive sum of a given

expression from an

initial value to an end

value in the specified

increment value (if

not specified, default increment is 1).

09 sec sec

value

Enters a secant

function to be used in

a trigonometric

expression.

10 csc csc

value

Enters a cosecant (cosec) function to be used in a

trigonometric expression.

11 cot cot

value

Enters a cotangent (cotan) function to be used in a

trigonometric expression.

12 sec

-1

sec

-1

value

Enters an inverse

secant.

13 csc

-1

csc

-1

value

Enters an inverse

cosecant.

14 cot

-1

cot

-1

value

Enters an inverse cotangent.

15 sinh sinh

value

Enters a hyperbolic

sine.

16 cosh cosh

value

Enters a hyperbolic cosine.

17 tanh tanh

value

Enters a hyperbolic tangent.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

18 sinh

-1

sinh

-1

value

Enters an inverse

hyperbolic sine.

19 cosh

-1

cosh

-1

value

Enters an inverse

hyperbolic cosine.

20 tanh

-1

tanh

-1

value

Enters an inverse hyperbolic tangent.

B NUM Use the sub-menu items below to convert a value. Refer to

“Chapter 3: Basic Calculation — Basic Keyboard” to learn how

these tools can be used.

1 abs( Returns the absolute value of a given number.

2 round( Returns a rounded value of a given term in parenthe-

ses. A rounding point can be specified.

3 ipart Returns only the integer part of a decimal number.

4 fpart Returns only the fraction part of a decimal number.

5 int Rounds a decimal number to the closest integer.

6 min( Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of

numbers.

7 max( Finds and returns the maximum value within a list of

numbers.

8 lcm( Returns the least common multiple of two integers.

9 gcd( Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

C PROB These sub-menu items are useful for probability calculations.

Refer to “Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard” for

details. A comprehensive list of menu items can be found in the

Appendix.

1 random Returns a random number form between 0 and 1.

2 rndInt( Returns a list of random integers, between a minimum

and a maximum value.

3 nPr Returns the total number of permutations for selecting

“r” items out of “n” items.

4 nCr Returns the total number of combinations for selecting

“r” items out of “n” items.

5 ! Returns a factorial.

D CONV These tools deal with conversions between different angle units

and between rectangular and polar coordinates.

1 →deg

value (sexagesimal number)

→deg

Takes a number in sexagesimal form, and converts it

into a decimal number.

2 →dms

value (degrees)

→dms

Takes a number in decimal form (in degrees), and

converts it into a sexagesimal number. To enter a

number in sexagesimal form, use items in the ANGLE

sub-menu, described in Chapter 3.

Rectangular/polar coordinate conversion

This calculator is equipped with rectangular coordinates and polar

coordinates conversion capabilities.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

Rectangular to polar coordinate conversion functions

Conversion formulas: r = (x

+ y

)

1/2

tan

-1

(y/x)

3 xy→r( xy→r(

x coordinate, y coordinate

)

Returns polar

coordinate radius

value from X-Y

rectangular coordi-

nates.

4 xy→θ(xy→θ(

x coordinate, y coordinate

)

Returns polar

coordinate θ value

from X-Y rectangular

coordinates.

The following ranges

are used to find θ.

Degree mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 180

Radian mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 2π

Gradient mode: 0 ≤ |θ| ≤ 200

Polar to rectangular coordinate conversion functions

Conversion formulas: x = rcos

, y = rsin

5 rθ→x( rθ→x(

r coordinate,

coordinate

)

Returns rectangular

coordinate X value

from r-θ polar

coordinates.

6 rθ→y( rθ→y(

r coordinate,

coordinate

)

Returns rectangular

coordinate Y value

from r-θ polar

coordinates.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

E ANGLE Use these tools to enter the symbols to specify angle units.

1 ° Inserts a symbol for “degrees”.

2 ’ Inserts a symbol for “minutes”.

3 ” Inserts a symbol for “seconds”.

4 r Enters an “r” symbol, to enter a number in radians.

5 g Enters an “g” symbol, to enter a number in gradients.

F INEQ Use the equality/inequality figures to compare two values. These

sub-item tools return 1 (true) or 0 (false).

1 = Tests whether a

preceding value and

a following value are

equal.

Tests whether a

preceding value and a following value are not equal.

3 > Tests whether a preceding value is larger than a

following value.

Tests whether a

preceding value is

larger than OR equal

to a following value.

5 < Tests whether a

preceding value is smaller than a following value.

6 Tests whether a preceding value is smaller than OR

equal to a following value.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

G LOGIC Use the LOGIC sub-menu items to perform boolean operations.

In the N-base calculation mode (binary, octal, decimal and

hexadecimal), A LOGIC will directly appear when M is

pressed.

The following is the truth table of the combination of input A and

A and B

A or B

A xor B

A xnor B

A notA

The following examples show the answer screen when

executing a boolean operation for AND, OR, XOR,

XNOR between “1100” and “1010” in binary mode.

Compare the results (binary) to the above table.

1. Press # @ V A E to enter the binary,

octal, and hexadecimal calculation mode.

2. Press } } } to select the binary mode.

1 and

value A

and

value B

Enters an “AND” logic

figure.

1100 M 1

1010 E

2 or

value A

value B

Enters an “OR” logic

figure.

1100 M 2

1010 E

3 not not

value

Enters a “NOT” logic

figure.

M 3 10

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

4 neg neg

value

Enters a “neg” logic

figure.

M 4 1

Note: “4 neg” menu

appears only in the N-base calculation (binary, octal,

decimal and hexadecimal) mode.

5 xor

value A

xor

value B

Enters an Exclusive-

OR (xor) logic figure.

1100 M 5

1010 E

6 xnor

value A

xnor

value B

Enters an Exclusive-

NOR (xnor) logic

figure.

1100 M 6

1010 E

H COMPLX In order to use the sub-menu items within the COMPLX menu,

the calculator must be set up to handle complex numbers.

Otherwise the result will be a data type error.

Refer to the section “6. SETUP Menu” in this chapter for chang-

ing/verifying the calculator’s setup to enable complex number

answers, in either rectangular or polar coordinates.

1 conj( conj(

complex number

)

Returns the complex

conjugate of the

specified complex

number (or list of

complex numbers).

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

2 real( real(

complex number

)

Returns the real part

of a complex number

(or list of complex

numbers).

3 image( image(

complex number

)

Returns the imagi-

nary part of a

complex number (or

list of complex

numbers).

4 abs( abs(

complex number

)

Returns the absolute

value of a complex

number (or list of

complex numbers).

5 arg( arg(

complex number

)

Takes the coordi-

nates (x

+ yi), and

returns the θ.

Calculations using complex numbers

To calculate using complex numbers, select the sub-menu item 4

x ± yi or 5

∠

in the F ANSWER of the SETUP menu items.

The initial screen for the complex number calculation mode is the

same as for the real number mode.

Complex numbers can be noted using either 4 x ± yi (rectangular

coordinates) or 5

∠

(polar coordinates).

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

Example

• Calculate (3 + 4i) × (4 – 6i)

Note: It is possible to input complex

numbers (i) in the real number

mode, however an error

message will return.

Functions available for complex number calculations

The following function keys are available for complex number

calculations without the limits existing in the real number calculations.

y, x, l, I, 0, @, a, +,

The following MATH menu functions are also available for

complex number calculations.

abs(, round(, ipart, fpart, int

4. More Variables: Single Value Variables and

LIST Variables

Additional single value variables (from A to Z, and θ) may be accessed. In addition, six

LIST variables (from L1 to L6) are readily accessible through the second function of

the Advanced Keyboard.

To save a list of numbers, follow the procedure below:

On the Calculation screen (# ), create a list of numbers (“1,

2, 3”, in this example). Separate numbers with a comma

(,), and group the numbers with braces ({ and }).

2. Press R, then select

one of the six LIST variables.

To store the list in “L1”, press

@ 1 to call up the

LIST variable.

3. Pressing E will store the

list in the LIST variable. Note

that this procedure will

overwrite the list previously

stored in the LIST variable.

Refer to Chapter 9 “LIST Features” to learn more about how LIST

variables can be utilized.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

5. TOOL Menu

The TOOL menu contains items to help calculating in different number systems, as

well as to help solve both linear and polynomial equation. Press @ V to

access the TOOL menu. Press the # key (or @ q) to escape from the

menu.

A NBASE Calculations can be performed in different number base systems,

while simultaneously converting the calculation result into

hexadecimal, decimal, octal, and binary systems.

1. While this menu item A

NBASE is selected, press

the E key. The NBASE

tool opens, with the cursor

set at HEX: (hexadecimal).

2. Type 1B | 9, for example. When entering the hexadecimal

B, simply press the B key; using the A key will call up

the variable B instead.

3. When done entering the

hexadecimal expression,

press E. The calculation

result will be displayed in

three other number base

systems, as well as in

hexadecimal format.

Note: Numerical values in binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes can be

expressed in the following number of digits:

Binary: 16 digits

Octal: 10 digits

Hexadecimal: 10 digits

If you enter a number exceeding the range specified above for

calculations or conversions, the calculator will return an error.

If the answer exceeds the above range, the calculator will also

return an error.

Decimals can be used for DEC mode only (. cannot be used

in the other modes). If you convert decimal values to binary,

octal, or hexadecimal number, the decimal part is discarded and

only the integer part is converted.

When numerical values of binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes

are negative, the display is switched to complements of 2.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

B SYSTEM With this tool, linear equations containing up to 6 unknown values

(i.e., ax + by + cz + du + ev + fw = g

)

can be solved.

1. Press B to select B SYSTEM, and select the number of

unknown values. For example, press 2 if values x and y

are unknown.

2. In the next screen, an

equation ax

+ by = c is

displayed, with an entry

table for the known values —

a, b, and c.

3. Enter 2 sets of the known

values, as shown in the

figure. Pressing E at

each entry will store the

value, and sets the cursor at

the next entry area.

4. When done entering the

known values, press @

h. The calculation result

will be displayed on the next

screen.

Pressing C will bring back the previous entry screen.

5. To go back to the TOOL menu to perform another calculation,

press @ V.

C POLY This tool is designed so that quadratic (ax

+ bx + c = 0) or cubic

(ax

+ bx

+ cx + d = 0) equation may be solved.

1. Press C to select C

POLY, and select the degree.

For example, press 2 if

a quadratic equation is

desired.

2. In the next screen, an equation ax

+ bx + c = 0 is displayed,

with an entry area for the known values — a, b, and c.

Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard

3. Enter the values, as shown

in the screen to the right.

Pressing E at each

entry will store the value,

and sets the cursor at the

next entry area.

4. When done, press @ h to execute the calculation.

The results (i.e. the x-intersects) will be displayed.

5. To enter a different set of

numbers for a, b, and c,

press C to go back to

the previous screen. To

select a different degree of

polynomial, press @

V to go back to the TOOL menu.

• If the solution cannot be displayed on the screen, a symbol will

appear at the bottom left corner of the screen. Press } to

scroll the screen.

6. SETUP Menu

Use the SETUP menu to verify the calculator’s current setup for mathematical and

scientific base units and the global editing style, as well as to change each

configuration.

It is very important that each item within this menu is properly set

up, or calculation results may not turn out as expected. For

example, entering 1

sin90 in the Calculation screen will result

as either “1” (when set to degree mode), or “0.893996663” (when

set to radian mode), or “0.98768834” (when set to gradient

mode). Refer to the “SETUP Menu” in Chapter 2 to learn about

each setup configuration.

Chapter 6

Advanced Graphing Features

— Advanced Keyboard

In this chapter, some real-life situations are featured. You are encouraged to modify

the examples to make your own graph schemes.

Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is

already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read

“Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1.

It should be noted that the following examples assume that the angle mode is

set to Rad (radian), the default angle unit for the Advanced Keyboard. If set to

degree or gradient, some unexpected results will be obtained.

1. Try it!

You have just opened your own bank

account, with an initial deposit amount of

$2,000. Suppose your monthly income is

$3,000, and you will spend 60 percent of

what you have in the account every month,

how much will your balance be after one

year? How much will you have in the

account, 6 months from now?

The example can be expressed as a sequential equation, as

follows:

= u

n–1

× (1 – 0.6) + 3000

where u

is the balance of the current month and u

n–1

is the

balance of the previous month, and

is the month.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

CONCEPT

1. Grasp the idea of sequential equations.

2. Use the graph tracing function to obtain approximate values.

PROCEDURE

1. First, let us set the calculator

to the appropriate graphing

coordinate mode. Press

@ ; to enter the

SETUP menu, press E

to select E COORD, then

press 4 to select 4 Seq, and press C.

2. We will use the “Time”

sequential graph type within

the FORMAT menu. Press

@ f, press G

to select G TYPE, and 2

to select 2 TIME.

3. Then press Y.

The Graph Equation Entry window will open.

4. Enter a new equation set

u(n-1)

× (1 - 0.6) + 3000 for

u(n)=

. Press @ u

(7) to enter u and

press X for n. Press

E when done entering.

Note: Press C to clear the previous entry.

Using a capitalized “U” or “N” here will result in an error upon

pressing the G key.

5. On the second entry row

(

u(nMin) =

), enter 2000,

then press E.

The figure is automatically

enclosed by braces.

6. The v and the w entry sets will not be necessary in this case,

so press C to clear, then press E to move one row

down. Repeat until the four unnecessary entry rows are

cleared.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

7. Press G to draw the graph.

8. If the line is outside of the

graph’s range, press Z

then 1 to select

automatic zoom.

This will only display a small

portion of the graph, so the

graph’s range will need to be changed.

9. Press W. Find

Max=

and change the value to 15

(default: 10). Next, find

Xmax= and change the

value to 15 too (default: 10).

. Press the G key again.

. Use the graph trace function

by pressing U. As '

is pressed several times, the

value (=X value, since the

graph is set to “Time” format)

increases, and the Y value

(the balance of your ac-

count) will change. Find the

Y value when the

value is

6 (after 6 months) as well as

the value when n=12 (after 12 months = 1 year).

You can obtain the value directly from the CALC menu.

1. Press @ k and

select 1 VALUE.

will appear on the bottom

line of the screen.

2. Enter the

value of 6, and

press E.

3. Follow the procedure 1 to 2 to obtain the Y value for 12.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

2. Graphing Parametric Equations

A two-dimensional parametric equation assumes that both X and Y are represented

by functions in a third variable T. When set in parametric graphing mode, the calculator

automatically sets up the Graph Equation Entry screen to take one set of X and Y per

each graph, with the equation’s right side variable to be set as “T”.

Example

•Draw a graph: x(t) = 16cos(t), y(t) = 9sin(t).

1. Press @ ; to enter the SETUP menu.

2. Press E to select E

COORD, then 2 to

select 2 Param.

Be sure that the other

settings are as shown on the

right.

To exit the SETUP menu, press C.

3. Press Y to go to the Graph Equation Entry window.

4. Enter 16cos(t) for X1T=.

Press E when done

entering.

5. Enter 9sin(t) for Y1T=. Press

E when done entering.

Note: The right side variable is automatically set to “T”. When the X

key is pressed within the Graph Equation Entry window, it will

enter the variable “T”.

6. Press G to draw the graph.

7. If the graph line extends

beyond the screen, press

Z and select A ZOOM

then 1 AUTO.

Use 3 IN or 4 OUT of the A

ZOOM to adjust the drawing size.

You can also set the drawing size in the WINDOW menu by

determining the maximum and minimum values of T, X and Y.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

3. Polar Graphing

Polar coordinates are a different method of specifying a point in two dimensions; the

location of the point is described by the distance from the X-Y intersect “r”, and its

elevation angle “

”.

Example

•Draw a graph: r = 16cos(

)sin(

1. Press @ ;.

The SETUP menu appears.

2. Press E to select E

COORD, then press 3

to select 3 Polar. Be sure

that the other settings are as

shown on the right.

To exit the SETUP menu,

press C.

3. Press Y.

The Graph Equation Entry window will appear.

4. At the first entry row R1=,

enter 16cos(

) × sin(

Press E.

5. Press G to draw the

graph.

Press Z, then press

6 to select 6 Square.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

4. Graphing Sequences

The sequence graph mode can store and simultaneously draw three graph equations

u(n), v(n), and w(n).

Variables u, v, and w are entered as @ u (or v, w).

Use X to enter the natural number n.

A sequence is an ordered set of numbers with a defined relation-

ship. The

recursive

sequential formulas can be described as

= u

n-1

+ d and/or

= u

n-1

× r

where u

is the n-th term, d is the common difference, and r is the

ratio. In many occasions however, the term before u

n-1

(i.e., one

term before u

) is not known. In such cases, the

explicit

formulas

must then be derived as:

= u

+ d × (n - 1) and/or

= u

× r

n-1

where u

is the n-th term, u

is the first term of the sequence, d is

the common difference, and r is the ratio.

A sequence {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ...} may suggest the following

recursive sequence expression:

= 2 × 2

n-1

or it may also suggest the following non-recursive expression:

= 2

The calculator can plot sequential graphs in three different

schemes, as follows:

-based (Time)

The u

values will be plotted

against the n value.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

phase-based (uv, uw, or vw)

The u

values will be plotted against the v

values (uv).

–

)-based (Web)

The u

values will be plotted against the u

n-1

value.

Note: • When u

n–2

is incorporated in to the equation, the

u(nMin)

requires two values: the minimum, and the second smallest. For

example, you will need {0, 1} in the

u(nMin)

entry row if

u(n

–

u(n

–

is entered as the equation.

• When Web is selected, n – 2 cannot be referred to. n

also

cannot be directly referred to; entering u(n–1) + n will result in

an error.

Before entering graphing sequences, the calculator’s graphing

coordinates will need to be set up:

1. Press @ ;. The SETUP menu appears.

2. Press E to select E COORD, then press 4 to select 4

Seq.

3. Press C to exit the SETUP menu.

Example 1:

-based Graphing (Time)

•Draw a sequential graph of u

= 2 × 2

n–1

First, make sure that the graph coordinate mode is set to

sequential (see above.)

1. Press @ f to open the FORMAT menu. The FORMAT

menu allows user to change the graph configurations.

2. When the menu appears, select the item G TYPE.

3. Press 2 to select 2

Time.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

4. Now, go to the Graph Equation Entry window by pressing

The cursor is set at the first line u(

); pressing C will clear

any previous entry, as well as to put the cursor at the right side

of the equation.

5. Enter 2

× 2

n-1

. Use the X

key to enter n. When done,

press E. The cursor

moves down to the second

row.

6. In the entry area u(nMin)=,

enter the minimum value of

the n, 1, then press E.

7. Press the G key.

8. Press Z, then press

1 to select 1 Auto

(automatic zoom).

9. Press the U key, then

use the ' key to trace the graph.

Example 2: Phase-based Graphing (uv)

• Compare 2

× 0.9

n-1

with the previously entered sequence.

Phase-based graphing requires a set of two sequential equations.

Since we already have one entered as above, we will create

another one here, but first the sequential graph format will need

to be set to uv.

1. Press @ f to enter the FORMAT menu, then press

G to select G TYPE.

2. Select uv by pressing 3.

3. Press Y to go to the

Graph Equation Entry

window.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

The calculator can accept up to three sequential equation

entries. We will use the v set, since the u set already has an

entry. Move the cursor down to the v(n) entry area, and press

4. Enter 2

× 0.9

n-1

, then press

The cursor will be set to the

fourth entry row v(nMin=).

5. Press C, then enter 1.

6. Press the G key to draw

the graph, then zoom the

graph so that it be comes

visible (Z, 1 Auto).

7. Use the U function to

trace the graph. Press the ' key to trace the plotted graph

values.

When w, the third sequential equation set is entered, it can also

be compared with the two other equations; simply set the TYPE

under the FORMAT menu to either 4 uw to compare the first set

with the third, or 5 vw to compare the second and the third.

Note: Comparing a sequence with an empty set will result in an

error. If the v set is to be used, then the equation entry rows

will need to have appropriate entries.

Example 3:

n-1

-based Graphing (Web)

• Compare the u(n–1) value against the u(n) value of u(n-1) + 100.

This particular graph equation requires an index to the previous

term (u

n-1

1. Press @ f to enter

the FORMAT menu, then

press G to select G

TYPE.

2. Select 1 Web by pressing

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

3. Press the Y key to go to the Graph Equation Entry

window.

4. At the first equation entry

row, enter u(n - 1) + 100.

When done entering, press

5. At the next entry row, make

sure that it has the starting value “0”.

6. Bring the cursor down, and clear the rest of the four rows.

7. Press G, then press Z, 1 Auto to view the graph.

Two diagonal parallel lines should appear; the top line repre-

sents the n value, while the

n–1 value is represented by

the line below.

8. Press U to trace the

graph. As ' is pressed,

you will see the traced points

connected with lines, indicating the comparison between the n

and n–1 values.

5. The CALC Function

The CALC function utilizes the entered graph equation to calculate values. In

conjunction with the 4 graph coordinates, it can be called up anywhere. Note however

that the CALC function will not do anything if no graph equation has been entered or

specified.

The following is an example that uses the previously entered

polar graph equations above.

1. First, verify the graph

coordinate mode by pressing

@ ;; check to see if

E COORD is set to Polar. If

not, this will need to be

changed accordingly. Also,

make sure the angle unit B DRG is set to Rad. Otherwise the

graph will not be drawn correctly.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

2. Press Y to verify the

previously entered polar

graph equation, then press

G to draw the graph.

Adjust the view by using

Z menu items.

3. Press @ k.

4. Press 1 to select 1

Value. The graph is drawn

back on the screen again,

with the θ= prompt visible at

the bottom left side of the screen.

5. Enter the θ value at the

prompt. Enter π, for example.

Be aware that θ cannot be

more than 2π (2π radians =

360 degrees).

6. Upon pressing E, the radian

coordinate will be calcu-

lated.

Note: When coordinate system is Polar, Param or Seq, only 1 Value is

selectable in the CALC menu.

See Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard” on

pages 60 to 61 for details of the other sub-menu tools available.

7 Inflec Calculates the inflection point of the given graph and moves the

cursor to that point.

Example

1. Enter the graph equation

Y1 = x

– 3x

+ 2.

2. Press @ k 7.

Advanced

keyboard

specific sub-

menus

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

6. Format Setting

You can set up the Graph screen format from the

FORMAT menu.

Press @ f to display the Graph format

menu.

Note: G TYPE appears only when the sequence coordinate graph mode

is selected.

A –––––– Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is:

OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed on the

graph)

OFF (for displaying numeric derivatives on the graph)

ON (for displaying the X/Y axis on the graph)

OFF (for displaying a grid on the graph)

RectCoord (for displaying the cursor location)

B EXPRES This sets whether or not graph equations are displayed on the

graph screen. To display the equations on the graph, select 1 ON

by pressing 1 at this menu item.

C Y’ The numeric derivative (dx/dy) can be displayed on the graph

screen. To activate this function, select 1 ON by pressing 1

at this menu item.

D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item. To hide

the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by pressing 2 at this

menu item.

E GRID The graph display can be backed with an X-Y grid. To show the

grid on the graph, select 1 ON by pressing 1 at this menu

item.

Advanced keyboard

specific sub-menus

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

F CURSOR The coordinate system that indicates.

The location selected by the trace or other function can be

selected from 1 RectCoord (Rectangular coordinates) or 2

PolarCoord (Polar coordinates) (In the parametric system, the T

indication is added.)

G TYPE This menu is only active when the sequence coordinate graph

mode is selected in the SETUP menu. The G TYPE menu will not

appear in the other modes.

1 Web A web graph plot mode where x = u(n-1) and y = u(n).

2 Time Time graph plot mode where x = n and y = u(n), v(n),

w(n). (default)

3 uv A uv mode where x = u(n) and y = v(n).

4 uw A uw mode where x = u(n) and y = w(n).

5 vw A vw mode where x = v(n) and y = w(n).

Note: u(n), v(n) and w(n) indicate the n-th term of the

sequences.

7. Zoom Functions

Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu,

various preferences can be set for the graph

appearance on zooming in and out.

See Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard” on

pages 53 to 56 for details of the other menu items and their sub-

menu items.

Advanced

keyboard

specific sub-

menus

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

D EXP

Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “e

”.

4 In X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “In

x”.

E TRIG

4 sin

–1

X Use this when the equation contains an arc sine

function.

5 cos

–1

X Use this when the equation contains an arc cosine

function.

6 tan

–1

X Use this when the equation contains an arc tangent

function.

F HYP

1 sinh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic sine

function.

2 cosh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic

cosine function.

3 tanh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic

tangent function.

4 sinh

-1

X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic sine function.

5 cosh

-1

X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic cosine function.

6 tanh

-1

X Use this when the equation contains an inverse

hyperbolic tangent function.

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

8. Setting a Window

The W key displays the graph window setup. The display will differ according to

the selected coordinate system. See also Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features —

Basic Keyboard” on pages 57 to 58 for details of rectangular coordinate system

settings.

Rectangular coordinate system

Xmin/Xmax Minimum and maximum values

of x-axis, respectively

Xscale Scale of x-axis

Ymin/Ymax Minimum and maximum values

of y-axis, respectively

Yscale Scale of y-axis

Parametric coordinate system

Tmin/Tmax Minimum and maximum values

for T, respectively

Tscale Cursor pointer step value for

tracing

Others Same as rectangular coordinate

system

Polar coordinate system

θmin/θmax Minimum and maximum angle

for

respectively

θstep Cursor pointer step value for

tracing

Others Same as rectangular coordinate

system

Sequential coordinate system

Min/

Max Minimum and maximum value

for

, respectively

PlotStart Starting value of sequential

variable

PlotStep Increments of sequential

variable

Others Same as rectangular coordinate system

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

9. Tables

The calculator enables you to illustrate the changes using the equation and graph you

have input. It also has tables for showing a list of X and Y values. Each column item

can display up to 7 digits, including a sign and/or a decimal point.

There are four kinds of tables available corresponding to the coordinate system.

Rectangular coordinate system

• The variable X is displayed in

the left end column.

• The columns Y1 to Y3 are

displayed on the first screen.

• Press ; ' to

horizontally scroll the table. (The variable X is always displayed

in the left end column.)

• The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently

located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen.

•Move the cursor using ; ' { }.

• Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing

will not be displayed in the above table.

Parametric coordinate system

• The variable T is displayed in

the left end column.

• The columns X1T, Y1T, and

X2T are displayed on the first

screen.

• Press ; ' to horizontally scroll the table.

• The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently

located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen.

•Move the cursor using ; ' { }.

• Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing

will not be displayed in the above table.

100

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

Polar coordinate system

• The variable θ is displayed in

the left end column.

• The columns θ, R1 to R3 are

displayed on the first screen.

• Press ; ' to

horizontally scroll the table.

• The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently

located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen.

• The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }.

• Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing

will not be displayed in the above table.

Sequential coordinate system

• The variable

is displayed in

the left end column.

•Tables values u(

), v(

), and

w (

) are simultaneously

displayed.

• The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently

located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen.

• The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }.

• Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing

will not be displayed in the above table.

Setting a table

•To display the table, press T.

•Table setting allows you set how to input data for a table.

• Press @ y to enter

the table setting screen.

• The cursor is initially located

at Auto, showing the variable

input method.

Auto: Automatically creates a table based on the graph equations and

given TableStart and TableStep values.

101

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

User: Displays a blank table. As you input values for variable columns,

table values are automatically calculated by the equation. Thus,

although TableStart and TableStep inputs can be made when

selecting User, set values will be ignored.

• Press ; or ' to switch between Auto and User.

•TableStart is a start value of the variable in the table, and

Ta bleStep is a step value of the variable. Both are numeric

values.

Example

Automatically create a table starting from

-5 with a step of 1 in the

X-Y coordinate after equations, based on “Y1 = X”, “Y2 = X

”, and

“Y3 =

-X

+ 3”.

1. Press @ y and

} _ 5 E 1

2. Press T.

* If the cursor is on the top or

bottom line of the table, { or } can still be used. The

table contents will move to become visible in the display area.

Example

Create a table in the User mode under the above conditions.

1. Press @ y and

' E } 0 E

1 E.

2. Press T.

Blank table will appear.

3. Press 2 E _ 3

E to enter X values.

* An automatically created table in the User mode cannot be

scrolled vertically.

102

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

10. The DRAW Function

With the DRAW function, lines, circles, graphs, and pixel points can be added to the

graph window. The DRAW menu also contains configuration tools for the ordinary

graphs entered in the Graph Equation Entry window: line types, shading, and visibility

status of each graph.

Press @ d to enter the DRAW menu.

Note: When entering coordinates, the DRAW function assumes that

rectangular coordinates will be entered. The exception to this is

for PxlON(, PxlOFF(, PxlCHG(, and PxlTST(, all within the B

POINT menu item.

A DRAW The tools in this menu add lines, circles, additional graphs and

text on the graph screen.

The tools below can be accessed from the GRAPH window, or

any other windows such as the Graph Equation Entry window and

Calculation screen. Most of these tools, such as Line(, can be

entered directly onto a graph from the cursor point.

1 ClrDraw Clears all items on the graph window EXCEPT for the

graphs entered via the Graph Equation Entry window.

1. From the GRAPH

window, press

@ d to

enter the DRAW

menu.

2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 1

to select 1 ClrDraw.

1. From the Calculation screen, press @ d

A 1.

“ClrDraw” will appear.

2. Press E.

All the items on the graph will be deleted and the

message “Done” will appear.

103

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

2 Line( Draws a line according to the given X-Y coordinates of

a start/end point.

Note: This tool can be used with any type of graph.

Line(x-coordinate of start point, y-coordinate of

start point, x-coordinate of end point, y-coordinate

of end point [,0])

Example

1. Select the DRAW

menu. Select A

DRAW in the

menu, then select

2 Line(.

“Line(” will appear.

Suppose you wish to draw a line, starting from an

X-Y coordinate (1,2) to end at (8,8).

2. Enter “1,2,8,8”

right after the

“Line(” object,

then close the

expression with

3. Press E.

The GRAPH window will appear with the specified

line drawn on the graph.

Note: If you enter 0 for the 5th element of Line( function, (e.g.

Line(1,2,8,8,0)) and press E, you can clear the

specified line.

Line(

1. Press @

d to enter the

DRAW menu.

From the Calculation

screen

From the GRAPH

window

104

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 2

to select 2 Line(.

The GRAPH

window reap-

pears, with the

coordinate of the

cursor showing at

the bottom of the

screen.

Note: To change the cursor coordinate system, use the

FORMAT menu. Select B CURSOR, then select the

required coordinate system for the cursor.

3. Move the flashing cursor on the screen to set the

starting point of the line.

Note: The pixel increment can be set within the ZOOM menu.

While A ZOOM is selected, choose 7 Dec to set each

pixel size to “0.1

× 0.1”, or 8 Int to set to “1 × 1”.

4. When the starting

point is set, press

E to anchor

the location.

5. Move the cursor

to indicate the end

point of the line.

When set, press

E to finalize

the line drawing.

6. You may draw as many lines as you wish, by

repeating the procedure from 4 to 5. When done

drawing, press C to exit the entry mode.

105

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

H_Line

Example

•Draw a horizontal line manually.

1. Press @

d A

2. Use the cursor

navigation keys

({ } ; ') to move the flashing

cursor to the appropriate position.

3. Press E to draw the line.

4 V_line Draws a vertical line on the graph window.

V_Line

x-value

Draws a vertical line (

x = value

) on the graph

window.

Example

•Draw a horizontal line of x = 3.

1. Press @ d A 4 and enter the

value 3.

H_Line

y-value

Draws a horizontal line (

y = value

) on the graph

window.

Example

•Draw a horizontal line of y = 5.

1. Press @

d A

3 and enter

the value 5.

3 H_line Draws a horizontal line on the graph window.

From the GRAPH

window

From the Calculation

screen

From the Calculation

screen

106

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

T_line(

equation, x-value

)

Example

•Draw the tangental line of y = x

at x = 1.

1. Select T_Line(.

2. Enter “x

, 1)” on

the line.

3. Press E.

Note: It is also possible to

specify a function

equation from Y0 to

Y9 if stored.

(T_line(Y1, 1))

T_line(

Example

•Draw a tangental line by manually specifying the

point.

1. Select T_Line(.

2. Use ; ' to move the flashing cursor on

the targeted graph line.

Use { } to select a graph to draw the

tangental line.

3. When the point is set at the tangent point, press

V_Line

Example

•Draw a vertical line manually.

1. Press @ d A 4.

2. Use the cursor navigation keys ({ } ;

') to move the flashing cursor to the appropri-

ate position.

3. Press E to draw the line.

5 T_line( Draws a tangental line at the specified point of a graph

curve.

From the Calculation

screen

From the GRAPH

window

From the GRAPH

window

107

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

6 Draw Draw

equation

Draws an additional graph based on a given expres-

sion.

Example

•Draw the graph of y = 3x

-4x+2.

1. Select Draw.

2. Enter “3x

–4x+2”

on the line.

3. Press E.

Note: This tool can be used

with rectangular coordinate graphs only.

7 Shade( Shade(

equation1, equation2 [, lower value, upper

value]

)

Draws two graphs, and shades the area between the

two. If the x range is specified, it shades the area within

the specified range.

Example

• Shade the area enclosed by y =

– 8 and y = x.

1. Select Shade(.

2. Enter “

– 8,

x)” on the line.

3. Press E.

Example

• Shade the area enclosed by y =

– 8 and y = x

within the range of –2 ≤ x ≤ 3.

Before starting operation, Select ClrDraw to clear the

graphs previously drawn.

1. Select Shade(.

2. Enter “

– 8, x,

-2, 3)” on the line.

3. Press E.

Note: It is also possible to

specify a function equation from Y0 to Y9 if stored.

108

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

8 DrawInv DrawInv

equation

Draws an inverse of a given graph expression.

Example

•Draw the inverse graph of y =

– 8.

1. Select DrawInv.

2. Enter “

– 8”

on the line.

3. Press E.

Note: It is also possible to

specify a function equation from Y0 to Y9 if stored.

9 Circle( Draw a circle on the graph screen.

Circle(

x-coordinate of center, y-coordinate of

center, radius

)

Example

•Draw a circle with center at (2,3) and of radius 7.

1. Select Circle(.

2. Enter “2,3,7)” on

the line.

3. Press E.

Note: Before drawing a

circle, press Z A 6 to set the X-Y

coordinates to square.

Circle(

Example

•Draw a circle manually.

1. Select Circle(.

2. Move the cursor to set the center point of the circle.

Press E to set the anchor.

3. Move the cursor to determine the radius length of

the circle.

4. When done, press

The circle is

drawn at the

location.

From the Calculation

screen

From the GRAPH

window

109

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

0 Text( Text(

column, row,

“

strings

”)

Enters a text string at a given coordinate.

Example

•Draw “HELLO” on the graph at column 2, row 1.

Text(2, 1, “HELLO”)

Note: Use M E

3 E to enter

“”(double quotes).

Column and row definitions for text input

* Refer to the following diagram to specify the

coordinates where you wish to start writing the text.

Note: Lines, points, and curves drawn by the Draw menu are handled

as pictures. Therefore, they cannot be traced.

Graphs drawn by the Draw menu are automatically cleared if any

screen settings are changed. To save the graph, use the StoPict

menu.

B POINT Utilize these tools to manage point drawing and deletion on the

graph.

There are two operation methods. One is to directly move the

cursor pointer to the location on the graph screen where you wish

to insert the point. The other is to call a relevant command on the

Calculation screen and to directly input the coordinates to draw or

delete the point. (X and Y coordinates should be separated by a

comma.)

(0,0)(30,0)

(0,9)(30,9)

column

row

110

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

1 PntON( PntON(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

Draws a point at a given coordinate. It takes the X-Y

coordinate as an argument.

This tool can either be accessed from the GRAPH

window or other windows. Entering from the GRAPH

window enables a graphic entry, while entering from

other windows enables text-based entry.

2 PntOFF( PntOFF(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

Erases a pixel point. It takes the X-Y coordinate as an

argument.

3 PntCHG( PntCHG(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

Changes the status (i.e., visible/invisible) of a pixel at a

given coordinate. Deletes the point when it is displayed

and draws the point when it is not displayed.

4 PxlON( PxlON(

column, row

)

Draws a pixel point at a given screen location indicated

by column and row.

The column and row definitions are as follows:

Column: 0 to 132,

Row: 0 to 64.

(0, 0) (126, 0)

(0, 62) (126, 62)

column

132

This area cannot be specified

row

5 PxlOFF( PxlOFF(

column, row

)

Erases a pixel point at a given screen location indi-

cated by column and row.

6 PxlCHG( PxlCHG(

column, row

)

Changes the status (i.e., visible/invisible) of a pixel at a

given screen location indicated by column and row.

111

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

7 PxlTST( PxlTST(

column, row

)

Returns “1” if a pixel point is present at a given screen

location indicated by column and row.

Returns "0" if no pixel point exists.

C ON/OFF Sets the visibility status of a given graph number (0-9).

1 DrawON DrawON [

equation number 1

, ....] or DrawON

Sets the specified graphs visible. If no argument is

given, then all graphs will be set visible.

2 DrawOFF DrawOFF [

equation number 1

, ....] or DrawOFF

Sets the specified graphs invisible. If no argument is

given, then all graphs will be set invisible.

Example

• Set Y1 and Y2 to visible and Y3 to invisible.

1. Press @ d C 1.

2. Enter “1, 2” for equation numbers.

3. Press E.

4. Press @ d C 2.

5. Enter 3 for

equation number.

6. Press E.

112

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

E G_DATA All graph data, including the graph equations and window

settings, can be stored in 10 graph storage areas (1-9, and 0),

which can be called up later.

1 StoGD StoGD

number (0-9)

Saves the graph data.

Example

• Store the current graph data in location #1.

Note: The lines, graphs and

pixels drawn with the

A DRAW tools will

not be saved here;

use StoPict under F

PICT instead.

2 RclGD RclGD

number (0-9)

Recalls the saved graph data.

Example

• Call back the previously stored graph data from

location #1.

D LINE Sets the line appearance of each graph. Each graph coordinate

mode (i.e., rectangular, polar, etc.) can retain a set of line

appearance preferences. Solid line, dotted line, bold line, locus

and dots can be selected.

1. Press @ d D to select D LINE, then press

2. The next window enables

you to select the line types

of each graph in the set

coordinate mode. (The

rectangular coordinate mode

is selected in this example.)

Use the cursor keys to select

the required line type, and

press E.

113

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

Note: Attempting to call

back graph data from

an empty location will

result in an error.

F PICT Stores and recalls the displayed pixel data for the graph window.

The graph equations will not be saved or recalled with these

tools.

1 StoPict StoPict

number (0-9)

Saves the pixel data.

Example

• Store the current graph, including the drawings, in

location #1.

2 RclPict RclPict

number (0-9)

Recalls the saved pixel data.

Example

• Call back the previously stored graph data from

location #1.

114

Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard

G SHADE With these sub-menu tools, inequalities, intersections and

compliments of multiple graphs can be visualized.

1 SET Sets up the shading area for each graph. Refer to “3.

Other Useful Graphing Features” in Chapter 4 of this

manual to learn how to utilize this tool.

2 INITIAL Initializes the shading setup, and brings up the shading

setup window.

11. Substitution Feature

Refer to the page 63 for details.

As for the Advanced keyboard, you can rewrite the equation based on the numeric

values input on the substitution feature screen.

Example

Follow the step 1 on page 65:

1. Press @ h to return

to the equation display

screen.

The equation is written

based on the last numeric

values input on the substitu-

tion feature screen.

* Once @ h have been pressed, the screen cannot

be returned to the previous substitution feature screen.

115

Chapter 7

SLIDE SHOW Feature

The SLIDE SHOW feature is especially incorporated to help students understand

math concepts utilizing the calculator’s graphing capabilities. With this feature, the

calculator’s screen images can be captured, organized, and stored.

The SLIDE SHOW feature is designed to be used with SHARP’s optional overhead

projection system, which offers a hassle-free math presentation environment for the

entire class.

The SLIDE SHOW can be used in both Basic and Advanced mode.

To enter the SLIDE SHOW, press ] . To exit the SLIDE SHOW feature, press

1. Try it!

Make a SLIDE SHOW named “CUBIC” to

explain how to draw the graph of a factor-

base cubic function and explain how to solve

cubic equations using factors. Use the

following cubic function as a sample.

y = (x

– 3)(x – 1)(x + 2)

1. Set up a SLIDE SHOW file.

Press ] to enter the SLIDE SHOW menu.

2. Press C E to select C NEW.

3. Name your project (type “CUBIC,” for example), and press

Create a new

SLIDE SHOW

116

Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature

4. Press Y to enter the graph equation mode.

5. Enter (x – 3)(x – 1)(x + 2) at

the first equation.

6. Press @ n.

The message “STORE

SCREEN: 01” will appear.

The image will be stored on

page 1 of the SLIDE SHOW

“CUBIC,” and the screen will

automatically return to the

previous screen.

Each time you press @ n, the screen image will be

captured and stored in the SLIDE SHOW.

7. Press G.

Note: •You cannot capture an image

while drawing.

• If the cursor flashes at the

upper right corner of the

screen, the calculator is busy processing tasks. The SLIDE

SHOW feature cannot capture images during this period.

•A captured image cannot be recaptured.

8. After the graph is drawn, press @ n.

The image will be stored on page 2 of the SLIDE SHOW

“CUBIC”.

9. Press @ " to split

the screen between the

graph and the table.

. After drawing is done, press

@ n.

The screen image is stored on page 3.

. Press ' once, and press @ n. Continue this

operation.

Capture images

117

Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature

Playing back the newly created SLIDE SHOW

1. Press ] to go to the

SLIDE SHOW menu.

Press B to select B

PLAY.

A list of saved SLIDE SHOW

projects will be shown.

2. Select the one you want to play back, either by using the

shortcut key strokes, or by moving the cursor. (Select the item

and press E.)

The first page of the SLIDE

SHOW will appear.

The number appearing at

the upper right of the screen

is the slide number.

3. Use the } key or E to display the next image; press

the { key to show the previous image.

Rearranging the captured images

Let’s change the last image of the SLIDE SHOW feature to before

the third.

1. Press ] to bring up the SLIDE SHOW menu.

2. Press D to select D

SELECT.

3. Choose the project you want

to edit from the sub-menu

list.

4. Press E to select.

The target SLIDE SHOW will be selected.

5. Press ] E to select

E EDIT, then press 1 to

select 1 MOVE.

The first image of the

selected SLIDE SHOW file

appears.

Select an image

Select a file

118

Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature

6. Go down to the last captured

image using the } key.

7. Press E to mark the

image.

8. Go up to the page 3 using

the { key.

9. Press E.

The marked image will be

inserted at page 3.

2. The SLIDE SHOW menu

This section of the chapter

summarizes each item in the

SLIDE SHOW feature menu.

A CURR Displays the name of the

currently selected or working

SLIDE SHOW. Press @ n to capture an image.

B PLAY Enables you to select a SLIDE SHOW file for playback.

C NEW Creates a new SLIDE SHOW file to store screen images.

D SELECT Enables you to select a SLIDE

SHOW file to be edited and

display its name in the A CURR

window.

E EDIT Enables you to move/delete captured images, or change the file

name of the current SLIDE SHOW.

Note: If no SLIDE SHOW file is stored, selecting any of the following

sub-menu items will result in an error.

1 MOVE

With this sub-menu tool, a selected screen image can be moved,

so that the playback order will change. To escape from this mode

and go back to the SLIDE SHOW menu, press the ] key.

Specify the

insertion point

119

Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature

1. While in the SLIDE SHOW menu, press E to select E

EDIT, then press 1 to select the 1 MOVE sub-menu item.

2. With the { and } cursor keys, select the captured

image you wish to move, then press E .

3. Select the position to which you wish to move the previously

selected image using the { and } cursor keys.

4. Pressing E will place the selected image at the new

location. The selected image will be placed immediately before

the current screen.

2 DEL

This sub-menu tool deletes the selected image captured in the

SLIDE SHOW.

1. While in the SLIDE SHOW

menu, press E to select

E EDIT, then press 2 to

select the 2 DEL sub-menu

item.

2. With the { and } cursor keys, select the image you

wish to delete.

3. Press E to remove the selected image from the SLIDE

SHOW file.

3 RENAME

Use this sub-menu tool to rename the SLIDE SHOW.

1. In the SLIDE SHOW menu, press E to select E EDIT, then

press 3 to select the 3 RENAME sub-menu item.

2. The following screen enables you to change the SLIDE SHOW

name.

3. Type the new name.

The default input mode is A-LOCK.

If you wish to incorporate numbers, press the A key to

enter numbers.

To switch back into the ALPHA mode, press A again.

4. Pressing E will store the new SLIDE SHOW name.

120

Chapter 8

Matrix Features

Within the Matrix features, up to ten different matrices can be entered.

To get to the Matrix features, press @ m. Define and edit the matrices within

this mode too.

1. Try it!

Three equations can be derived as follows, containing three

unknown quantities:

3x + 2y + z = 39

2x + 3y + z = 34

+ 2y + 3z = 26

x, y and z represent the price for each sheaf of the first, second

and third class crops, respectively.

You can solve the above system of linear equations by using a

matrix.

CONCEPT

1. Enter the coefficients as elements in a matrix.

2. Use the rrowEF function to obtain the reduced row echelon

form.

Three sheaves of the first class crop, two of the

second, and one of the third are sold for 39

dollars. Two of the first, three of the second and,

one of the third for 34 dollars. And one of the

first, two of the second and three of the third for

26 dollars. How much did you receive from each

sheaf of the first, second and third class crops?

(Chapter VIII of Chiu Chang Suan Shu - Nine

Chapters of Arithmetic Arts, 200 B.C., China)

121

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

1. Press @ m to enter

the MATRIX menu.

2. Press B to select EDIT

and then 1 to select 1

mat A.

3. Press 3 E 4 E to

define the dimensions of the

matrix (3 rows

× 4 columns).

4. Press 3 E 2 E 1

E 3 9 E to enter the

first row of 3x + 2y + z = 39.

The cursor will automatically

position itself at the begin-

ning of the second row.

5. Press 2 E 3 E 1 E 3 4 E to enter the second

row of 2x

+ 3y + z = 34.

6. Press 1 E 2 E 3

E 2 6 E to enter the

third row of x

+ 2y + 3z = 26.

7. Press # to return to the

calculation screen.

Matrix A is now set.

8. Press @ m to display the MATRIX MENU, and press

D to select D MATH and then press 4 to select 4

rrowEF. The reduced row

echelon form is now set, as

shown:

9. Press @ m, then

press A to select NAME

and press 1 to select 1

mat A. The Matrix A is now set and ready to be calculated.

PROCEDURE

Define

dimensions

Enter the values

Solve the

problem

Select a matrix

to edit

122

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

. Press E.

The reduced row echelon form of the matrix is displayed.

Display Solution

1x + 0y + 0z = x = 9.25

0x + 1y + 0z = y = 4.25

+ 0y + 1z = z = 2.75

2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix

Up to 5 rows by 3 columns of elements can be displayed on the

screen.

Press ; ' { } to scroll the matrix. Use row

and column numbers on the left and upper side of the matrix to

check the display location.

• If the dimensions of the matrix have previously been defined,

the values will be displayed. You can retain or alter the dimen-

sions accordingly.

Matrix name

Matrix dimensions (row

column)

Element entry field

Input field (bottom line)

1. Press @ m, then press B (select EDIT) and

select the matrix you want to define.

Note: Up to 10 matrices from 1 matA to 0 matJ can be defined.

2. Enter the row dimension number and press E.

Cursor moves to the column dimension.

3. Enter the column dimension number and press E.

The matrix will be displayed with null values. (See below.)

* It is not required to press E when the dimension number is

2 digits.

Define

dimensions

Select a matrix

123

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

1. Press appropriate number keys to enter numbers at the 1st

row and 1st column.

The number is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

2. Press E.

The cursor moves to the 1st row, 2nd column.

3. Sequentially input the element data.

4. Press # after completion of data input.

Editing keys and functions

; ' Move the cursor within the current row or scroll horizontally.

{ } Move the cursor within the current column or scroll vertically.

On the top row, { moves the cursor to the dimensions field.

E ENTER the number in the cursor position and move the cursor to

the next position.

C Clear the value of bottom line (input field).

# Store all the elements of the matrix and returns to the calculation

screen.

Enter elements

in the matrix

124

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

3. Normal Matrix Operations

Many calculations can be made between a matrix and a real number or between

matrices.

Examples of each calculation are as follows:

To add or subtract matrices, the dimensions must be the same.

Example

1. Press # C.

2. Press @ m A

1 + @ m

A 2

3. Press E.

To multiply two matrices, the column dimension of the first matrix

must match the row dimension of the second matrix.

Example

1. Press # C.

2. Press @ m A

1 | @ m

A 2

3. Press E.

To obtain the square of a matirx:

Example

1. Press # C.

2. Press @ m A

1 y

3. Press E.

Matrix + Matrix

Matrix – Matrix

Matrix

× Matrix

Square of

Matrix

125

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

4. Special Matrix Operations

This calculator has three Matrix calculation menus: OPE, MATH and [ ].

Examples of each calculation are as follows:

Calculations using OPE menus

01 dim( dim(

matrix name

)

Returns the dimensions of the specified matrix.

Example

• Check the dimensions of mat A.

•Newly define or change the

dimensions to 2

× 3 for

Mat C.

02 fill( fill(

value, matrix name

)

Fills each element with a

specified value.

Example

• Enter the value 5 into all the

empty elements of matrix C.

126

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

03 cumul cumul

matrix name

Returns the cumulative matrix.

Example

• Obtain the cumulative sum of mat A.

cumulative sum of a

+ a

+ ...... + a

04 augment( augment(

matrix name

matrix

name

)

Appends the second matrix to

the first matrix as new columns. The first and second matrices

must have the same number of rows.

Example

• Create a new matrix with matrix A augmented by matrix B.

05 identity identity

dimension value

Returns the identity matrix with specified value of rows and

columns.

Example

• Create the identity matrix of

3 rows

× 3 columns.

06 rnd_mat( rnd_mat(

number of row

number of column

)

Returns a random matrix with specified values of rows and

columns.

Example

• Create a matrix of 2 rows

× 3

columns with generated

random values.

(when TAB = 2 and FSE =

“FIX” at SETUP menu)

127

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

07 row_swap( row_swap(

matrix name

row number

)

Returns the matrix with specified rows swapped.

Example

•Swap the 2nd and 3rd rows in

the matrix E.

= e

, e

= e

08 row_plus( row_plus(

matrix name

row number

)

Adds the first specified row data to the second specified row data.

Example

• Add the 2nd row data to the

first row of matrix E.

= e

+ e

09 row_mult( row_mult(

multiplied number

matrix name

row number

)

Returns the scalar multiplication of elements in a specified row.

Example

•3

× each element of 1st row of

mat E

= 3 × e

10 row_m.p.( row_m.p.(

multiplied number, matrix name

row number

row

number

)

Returns the scalar multiplication of elements in a specified row

and adds result to elements in another specified row.

Example

•2

× each element of 3rd row

and add the result to each

element of the 1st row.

= e

+ 2 × e

128

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

11 mat→list( Creates lists with elements from each column in the matrix.

If dimensions of columns is greater than the number of lists

specified, extra columns are ignored. Also, if it is less than the

number of lists specified, extra lists are ignored.

mat→list(

matrix name, list name 1, ..., list name n

)

Example

• Make List 1 and List 2 by

using the 1st and 2nd

columns of matrix E,

respectively.

mat→list(

matrix name, column number, list name

)

Example

• Make List 3 by using the 3rd

column of matrix E.

12 list→mat( list→mat(

list 1

.... list n, matrix name

)

Creates a matrix using specified lists. This function is the same as

list→mat( in the List OPE menu.

Note: The list items must be prepared prior to executing this function.

Example

• Create columns of matrix D by

using list items in L1 and L2.

129

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

Calculations using MATH menus

1 det det

matrix name

Returns the determinant of a square matrix.

The determinant can only be applied to a matrix which has the

same row and column dimensions.

Example

• Give the determinant of matrix

2 trans trans

matrix name

Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to rows and the

rows transposed to columns.

Example

•Transpose rows and columns

of matrix B.

3 rowEF rowEF

matrix name

Returns the row Echelon Form of the specified matrix. The

number of columns must be greater than or equal to the number

of rows.

Example

• Give the row-echelon form of

matrix B.

4 rrowEF rrowEF

matrix name

Returns the reduced row Echelon Form of the specified matrix.

The number of columns must be greater than or equal to the

number of rows.

Example

• Give the reduced row-echelon

form of matrix B.

130

Chapter 8: Matrix Features

Use of [ ] menus

Using [ ] menus, you can manually enter a matrix on the calculation screen.

1. Press @ m E 1 ( [ ) at the beginning of the

matrix.

2. Press @ m 1 ( [ ) to indicate the beginning of the

first row.

Once you enter the manual matrix entry mode, you can

directly enter “or” by selecting 1 or 2 .

3. Enter a number or expression for each element. Separate

each element with commas.

4. Press @ m 2

( ] ) to indicate the end of the

first row.

5. Repeat above steps 2 to 4 to enter all the rows.

6. Press @ m 2 ( ] ) to indicate the end of the

matrix.

7. Press E.

The matrix will be displayed.

To use a matrix in an expression, you can do any of the follow-

ings:

• Select a matrix from the m NAME menu.

• Enter the matrix directly using the [ ] function menus.

Using a Matrix in

an expression

131

Chapter 9

List Features

By analyzing years of data, we found that it takes the driver of a car

approximately 0.75 seconds to react to a situation before actually applying the

brakes. Once the brake pedal is depressed, it takes additional time for the car to

come to a complete stop. Here is the equation used to compute total stopping

distance on dry, level concrete:

The reaction time distance (in feet) = 1.1 times the speed (in miles per hour);

The braking distance = 0.06 times the speed squared;

y = (1.1

× v) + (0.06 × v

where y represents the total stopping distance

(in feet), and v represents the speed (miles/

hour)

Calculate the total stopping distances at the

speeds of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 miles per hour.

CONCEPT

1. You can calculate all answers individually, but if you use list,

you can obtain the results with one calculation.

PROCEDURE

List features can be used in both Advanced and Basic mode. In this chapter, all the

procedures are based on the Advanced mode. In the Basic mode, press @ l

and select A NAME to access L1 to L6.

1. Try it!

2. Press # C to enter the calculation screen.

3. Press @ { 30

, 40 , 50 ,

60 , 70 , 80

@ }

The calculator displays the

set of data.

Enter each

speed value in

the list

132

Chapter 9: List Features

Note: •You can also perform the

above calculation using the

direct list input method (using

braces).

1.1 | {30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80} + 0.06 | {30, 40,

50, 60, 70, 80} y and press E.

• In the Basic mode, you can

access L1 to L6 from A

NAME and “{ }” (braces) from

E {} in the LIST menu.

Car speed Stopping distance

30 miles/hour 87 feet

40 miles/hour 140 feet

50 miles/hour 205 feet

60 miles/hour 282 feet

70 miles/hour 371 feet

80 miles/hour 472 feet

4. Press R @ 1.

5. Press E to store the list

in L1.

6. Press 1.1 | @

1 + 0.06 |

@ 1 y

7. Press E.

8. List {87, 140, 205, 282, 371,

472} will appear.

So the solutions are:

Store the list in

Enter the

equation using

133

Chapter 9: List Features

2. Creating a list

A list is a series of values enclosed by braces, and is treated as a single value in

calculations or an equations.

The calculator has 6 storage areas for lists from L1 to L6.

You can edit or access lists by pressing @ 1 to 6 (numeric keys from 1

to 6).

Using @ l (L_DATA) menus, you can store up to 10 sets (L_DATA 0 to

L_DATA 9) of lists (L1 to L6) in a memory and recall any of the stored sets as re-

quired.

1. Press # C to enter the calculation screen.

2. Press @ { 1 ,

3 , 2 , 9 @

}

3. Press R @ 1.

4. Press E to store the list

in L1.

5. Press @ { 5 ,

4 , 6 , 3 @

} R @ 2

E for L2.

Tips: To view a specific list, press

@ 1 to 6, then E at the calculation screen.

3. Normal List Operations

• Lists can contain real and complex numbers.

• Lists can be used as values (or variables) in calculations or equations.

• Calculations between lists are also possible. (Both lists must contain the same

number of elements.)

• The following examples use the L1 and L2 values stored in the previous section.

Store a series

of data 1, 3, 2,

and 9 in the list

L1, and 5, 4, 6, 3

in L2

134

Chapter 9: List Features

1. Press 10 | @

1 R @ 3

2. Press s @ 3

E. “...” shows that

results extend beyond the

display to the right. Use

;, ' to scroll left or

right, respectively.

3. Press @ 1 +

@ 2 E.

4. Press _ 3 R @

1 ( 3 ) A

/ @ 1 E.

5. Press 7 R @ 1

( 5 ) A /

@ 1 E.

Note: Separated by a colon (:), two or

more commands can be

entered in one line.

6. Press @ + @

2 E.

Calculate 10

L1 and store the

results in L3

Calculate the

sine of L3

Calculate

L1 + L2

Change the 3rd

element of L1

to –3

Append the new

value 7 to L1 as

the 5th element

Calculate the

root of L2

135

Chapter 9: List Features

4. Special List Operations

This calculator has three list calculation menus: OPE, MATH and L_DATA.

* In the Basic mode, L1 to L6 (list names) can be accessed from the LIST menu.

Calculations using the OPE menu functions

1 sortA( sortA(

list name

)

Sorts lists in ascending order.

Example

• Store list {2, 7, 4} in L1, and

sort L1 in ascending order.

2 sortD( sortD(

list name

)

Sorts lists in descending order.

Example

• Sort the above list L1 in

descending order.

Note: sortA(

list name 1, subordinate list name 1

,...)

If two or more lists are entered separated by commas, a sort is

performed on the first list as a key, and the following lists are

sorted in the order corresponding to the elements in first list (key

list).

Example

• Store lists {2, 7, 4} and {

-3, -4,

-1} in L1 and L2 respectively,

and sort L1 and L2 in ascend-

ing order using list L1 as a

key list.

136

Chapter 9: List Features

3 dim( dim(

list

)

Returns the number of items

(dimension) in the list.

Example

• Display the dimension of list

L1.

natural number ⇒ dim(

list name

)

Set the number of items (dimension) of specified list to the

specified number.

Example

• Set the dimension of list L6 to

All the elements are initially 0.

This operation overwrites the

existing list dimensions.

The existing values within the new dimensions remain as they

are.

4 fill( fill(

value

list

)

Enter the specified value for all the items in the specified list.

* The dimension of the list must be set beforehand.

Example

• Set the dimension of list L6 to

4 and substitute 5 for all the

items of list L6.

137

Chapter 9: List Features

5 seq( seq(

equation

start value

end value[

increments]

) target list

name

Makes a list using the specified equation, range (start value and

end value) and increments.

Example

• Fill the list using the equation

y = x

– 8, where x increases

from -4 to 4 by increments of

* If increment is omitted, the

default value 1 is used.

6 cumul cumul

list

Sequentially cumulates each item in the list (for Advanced mode

only).

= l

+ l

+ ... + l

, where l

is the i-th item of the list.

Example

• Set the list L1 to {4, 2, 7}, and

obtain the cumulated list L1.

• Cumulate the above result.

7 df_list df_list

list

Returns a new list using the difference between adjacent items in

the list.

= l

i+1

– l

, where l

is the i-th item of the list.

Example

• Set the list L1 to {4, 2, 7}, and

calculate the difference

between adjacent items.

138

Chapter 9: List Features

8 augment( augment(

list 1

list 2

)

Returns a list appending the specified lists.

Example

• Obtain the list appending L1

({4, 2, 7}) and L2 ({

-1, -3, -4}).

9 list→mat( list→mat(

list 1, ..., list n, matrix name

)

Makes a matrix using the specified list as column data, stored

under the specified matrix name (for Advanced mode only).

Example

• Make a matrix mat A using list

L1 as the first row and list L2

as the second row.

* The dimensions of the two

lists must be the same.

* Complex numbers cannot be used with this function.

* This function is the same as list→mat of the OPE menu in the

MATRIX function.

0 mat→list( mat→list(

matrix name

list name 1

..., list name n

)

mat→list(

matrix name

column number

list name

)

Makes lists from the matrix (for Advanced mode only).

This function is the same as “mat→list” of the OPE menu in the

MATRIX function. See page 128 for details.

139

Chapter 9: List Features

Calculations using MATH Menus

During the following explanations, the values of lists, L1 and L2 will be assumed to be:

L1 = {2, 8, -4}

L2 = {-3, -4, -1}

1 min( min(

list

)

Returns the minimum value in the list.

Example

• Calculate the minimum value

of the list L1.

2 max( max(

list

)

Returns the maximum value in

the list.

Example

• Calculate the maximum value of the specified list L2.

Note: min(

list 1, list 2

)

max(

list 1, list 2

)

If two lists are specified in

parenthesis separated by a

comma, then a list consisting of

minimum (or maximum) values

is returned.

3 mean( mean(

list [, frequency list]

)

Returns the mean value of items in the specified list.

Example

• Calculate the mean value of

list L1.

140

Chapter 9: List Features

4 median( median(

list [, frequency list]

)

Returns the median value of items in the specified list.

Example

• Calculate the median value of

the list L2.

5 sum( sum(

list

[

start number, end number]

)

Returns the sum of items in the specified list.

Example

• Calculated the sum of the list

items of L1.

*You can specify the range of

items in the list to sum.

sum(L1,1,2) means sum

the 1st to 2nd items of the list L1.

sum(L1,2) means sum all items from the second to the last

of the list L1.

6 prod( prod(

list

[

start number

end number]

)

Returns the multiplication of items in the specified list (for

Advanced mode only).

Example

• Calculate the multiplication of

items in the list L1.

*You can specify the range of

items in the list to multiply.

prod(L1,1,2) means

multiply the 1st to 2nd items of the list L1.

prod(L1,2) means multiplication of all items from the

second to the last of the list L1.

141

Chapter 9: List Features

7 stdDv( stdDv(

list [, frequency list]

)

Returns the standard deviation of the specified list items.

Example

• Calculate the standard

deviation using the list items

of list L2.

8 varian( varian(

list [, frequency list]

)

Returns the variance of the specified list items.

Example

• Calculate the variance using

the list items of list L2.

Standard deviation and variance

Standard deviation: s =

Variance =

where n = number of list items

k = list item value

m = mean value of the list

Variance

–

∑

k = 1

5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function

Using list items as coordinates, you can simultaneously draw multiple graphs.

1. Press Y.

2. Enter the equation;

Y1 = {3, -2}x

+ {5, 3}x + {2, 4}

142

Chapter 9: List Features

3. Press G.

Two graphs are drawn as

shown on the right.

In this case, the first one

represents the equation y =

+ 5x + 2 and the second y = -2x

+ 3x + 4.

You can also use L1 to L6 to enter the equation;

1. Set the lists L1 to L3 as

follows;

{3,

-2} ⇒ L1,

{5, 3} ⇒ L2,

{2, 4} ⇒ L3, and then

2. Enter the equation as follows.

Y1 = L1x

+ L2x + L3

6. Using L_DATA functions

The calculator can store up to 10 list groups in memory (L_DATA 0 to L_DATA 9). You

may store or recall any one of these list groups. Each list group can contain up to 6

lists.

1 StoLD StoLD

natural number (0-9)

Stores the current group of lists (L1 to L6) in L_DATA 0 to 9.

Example

1. Press @ l and

select C 1.

2. Enter the preferred number

from 0 to 9 and press E.

“Done” will appear and the

current lists will be stored in L_DATA #.

143

Chapter 9: List Features

2 RclLD RclLD

natural number (0-9)

Recall the stored group of lists for use.

Any current list data (not stored in L_DATA) is overwritten.

Example

1. Press @ l and

select C 2.

2. Enter the number to recall

and press E.

“Done” will appear and the

current lists will be overwritten by the recalled list group.

7. Using List Table to Enter or Edit Lists

You can use List Table in the STAT menu to easily access the contents of the lists.

Though the STAT menu was originally designed for Statistics function calculations, the

List Table is very useful for entering or editing list items.

How to enter the list

1. Press S A E.

The list table will appear.

The first column indicates

the order number of each

list, and the 2nd column

corresponds to the list L1, the 3rd to the L2, and so on.

2. Move the cursor to the target cell and enter the appropriate

value.

The value will appear on the bottom line.

3. Press E.

The value will enter the cell and the cursor move down to the

next cell.

* “--------” indicates the end of the list. When you enter the value,

“--------” goes down to the next cell.

144

Chapter 9: List Features

How to edit the list

1. Press S and select A EDIT, then press E.

2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the target cell.

3. Enter the new value and press E.

The new value will be stored in the target cell.

* The display on the bottom line relates to the cell where the

cursor pointer is located.

Though any number can be entered in a cell, the bottom line of

the screen can display up to a maximum of 10 digits excluding

exponents, and the cell can display up to a maximum of 8 digits

including exponents.

145

Chapter 10

Statistics & Regression

Calculations

The following table shows the access counts (per hour) of a certain web site

from Sunday midnight to Monday midnight.

Let’s input these data into the calculator (List

function) and plot a histogram.

1. Press S.

The Stat menu will appear.

Hours

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Sunday

98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30

Monday

32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35

Note: The explanation of this chapter is based on the Advanced

Keyboard.

The following statistical and regression features are available:

• Statistical calculations such as means and standard deviations

•Graphing statistical data

• Plotting regression curves

• Statistical tests

• Estimation

• Obtaining coefficients from regressions

• Distribution functions

1. Try it!

Opening the list

table to enter

data

146

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

2. Select A EDIT and press E.

The List table will appear. Initially, all elements are blank and

the cursor pointer is located at L1-1 (top left).

3. Input 1 for hour.

4. 1 will be displayed at the

bottom line of the display.

5. Press E to input the

index value.

6. Continue the procedure to input 2 to 24.

7. Press ' to move the

cursor to the top line of L2.

8. Input 98 for hour 01.

98 will be displayed at the

bottom line of the display.

9. Press E to input the data.

98 will appear in position L2-1 and the cursor will move to the

second row.

. Input 72 for hour 02 and press E. Continue the procedure

to the end of the data.

. Press ' to move the

cursor to the top line of L3.

. Input 32 for hour 01 and

press E.

. Continue the procedure to

the end of the data.

1. Press ;, ', {, or } to move the cursor

pointer to the target cell.

2. Input the correct number and press E.

Now we can plot the data to make histograms, broken line graphs

and other statistical graphs.

1. Press [.

2. Select A PLOT1 and press E.

The following screen will appear.

Entering hours

(index value)

Entering the

data for Sunday

Entering the

data for Monday

If you enter the

wrong data

Graphing the

statistical data

(Histogram)

147

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

3. The first line shows if the

graph drawing is on or off.

Initially, the graph drawing is

off. With the cursor pointer at

the “on” position, press

E to set the graph

drawing on.

4. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (DATA).

5. Select X for 1-variable plotting and press E.

Determining ListX and Freq Frequency relates to the number of

times access occurred (L2) at the ListX stage. You can refer that

the Access of ListX (L1) hour occurred Freq (L2) number of times.

6. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (ListX).

7. The default list name for ListX is L1. If another list name is set,

press @ 1 to enter L1.

8. L1 is set to be used for x-axis items.

9. Press } to move the

cursor to the next line (Freq).

. Press @ 2 to enter

L2.

. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (GRAPH).

. The graph format defaults to histogram, so if that is what is

required, this does not need to be changed.

. Press Z, and then

select A ZOOM.

. Press ' to move the

cursor right and then press

} several times.

9 Stat will appear.

Setting the

graph drawing

“on”

Selecting

whether 1-

variable plotting

or 2-variable

plotting

Select the list

number used

for graphing

Setting the

frequency

Selecting the

graph

Making a graph

148

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

. Select 9 Stat and press E.

You can directly press 9 at step 13 to select 9 Stat.

The histogram will appear on the display.

When you draw the graph using the automatic statistics zoom

function (9 Stat), the division number is automatically set to

Xmax

–

Xmin

Xscl

(default value: 10). If you wish to show the graph

hour by hour, change the value in the W menu.

1. Press W.

Window (Rect) setting menu

will appear.

2. Enter the values as shown in

the diagram to the right.

Ymax is determined by the maximum access number (253 at

20:00 on Sunday).

3. Press G.

You can compare up to 3

statistical data by setting

PLOT2/PLOT3 to on.

1. Press [ A E and move the cursor to GRAPH.

2. Press [ again.

3. Press B and 1

(broken line with circle dots).

4. Press G.

The histogram is now

changed to a broken line graph.

5. Press @ q to clear the screen.

6. Press [ and select B PLOT2.

7. Set as follows.

PLOT: on, DATA: X, ListX: L1, and Freq: L3.

Set the WINDOW

settings

Set the statistical

plotting of PLOT1

(Sunday data) to

a broken line

Compare the

access rates on

Sunday and

Monday

149

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

8. Move the cursor to GRAPH

and press [.

9. Press B 2 (broken

line with cross points).

. Press G.

Now you can compare the

difference in web site access

counts between Sunday and Monday.

Press @ q.

2. Statistics Features

1. STAT menus

Press the S key to access the statistical calculation menus. The menus are as

follows:

A EDIT Provides the entry or edit mode and displays a list table.

B OPE Calculation menu for operations such as ascending or descend-

ing sort.

C CALC Obtains statistical values.

D REG Calculates regression curves.

E TEST Statistical hypothesis tests

F DISTRI Distribution menu items

Use a list table to enter the statistical data (press S to

access). Up to 999 elements can be used for each list, though the

amount of data able to be entered will vary according to the

memory usage.

Use the CALC menu under the STAT menu to obtain statistic

values.

Press S C to access the CALC menu.

Data Entry

Calculating

statistic values

(CALC menu)

150

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu

1_Stats 1-variable (x) statistical a calculations

Mean of sample (x)

sx Standard deviation of sample (x)

sx =

Σx

– nx

n – 1

σxPopulation standard deviation of sample (x)

σx =

Σx

– nx

Σx Sum of sample (x)

Σx

Sum of squares of sample (x)

n Sample number

xmin Smallest value of sample (x)

Q1 First quartile of sample (x)

Med Median of sample (x)

Q3 Third quartile of sample (x)

xmax Largest value of sample (x)

2_Stats 2-variable (x, y) statistical calculations

The following values are added to the 1-variable statistic calcula-

tions

Mean of sample (y)

sy Standard deviation of sample (y)

σyPopulation standard deviation of sample (y)

Σy Sum of sample (y)

Σy

Sum of squares of sample (y)

Σxy Sum of product of sample (x, y)

ymin Smallest value of sample (y)

ymax Largest value of sample (y)

151

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

The web site access counts example on page 145 will be used again to demonstrate

the calculation of statistical values.

* If you did not previously enter the above values in the list table, press S and

select A EDIT to display the list entry mode and enter the values.

Calculating one-variable statistics using web site access counts for Sunday (L2) and

Monday (L3).

1. Press # C and S to display the statistics menu.

2. Press C and then 1.

1_Stats will be displayed on the top line of the screen followed

by the cursor.

3. Press @ 2 to enter

L2 and press E.

All the statistical values will

be displayed on the screen.

4. Press } or { to scroll the screen.

5. Press S to display the statistics menu.

6. Press C and then 1.

1_Stats will be displayed on the bottom line of the screen

followed by the cursor.

7. Press @ 3 to enter

L3 and press E.

Hours

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Sunday

98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30

Monday

32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35

Statistical

calculations

using the

Sunday data (L2)

Statistical

calculations

using the

Monday data (L3)

152

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

Calculating the previous two-variable statistical values can be

performed in a single operation. Use a “ , ” (comma) to separate

the two variables.

1. Press # C and

S to display the statis-

tics menu.

2. Press C and then

2_Stats will be displayed on the top line of the screen followed

by the cursor.

3. Press @ 2 , @ 3 to enter L2 and L3,

and press E.

All the statistical values will

be displayed on the screen.

4. Press } or { to

scroll the screen.

ANOVA( The ANOVA( feature performs an analysis of variance to compare

up to six population means.

1. Press # C and S to display the statistics menu.

2. Press C and then 3.

ANOVA(_ will display on the top line of the screen.

3. Press @ 2 ,

@ 3 ).

4. Press E.

The answer will appear on

the screen.

Each character represents the following variables.

F The F statistic for the analysis

p The p value for the analysis

df Degrees of freedom

SS Sum of squares

MS Mean Square

sxp Pooled standard deviation

153

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

3. Graphing the statistical data

Press [ to access the statistical graphing mode.

The calculator can plot statistical data on up to 3 types of graph

(PLOT1 to PLOT3) to check the state of distribution.

The graph types can be selected from histogram, broken line plot,

normal probability plot, normal distribution plot, box plot, modified

box plot, pie chart, scatter diagram and XY line. Broken line plot,

normal probability plot, modified box plot, scatter diagram and XY

line can use 3 different types of points — circle, cross, and

square.

Statistical graph types overview (chart)

PLOT1

PLOT2

PLOT3

POINT:

POINT: +

POINT:

Histogram

Broken line plot

Normal probability plot

Normal distribution plot

Box plot

Modified box plot

Pie chart

Scatter diagram

XY line

1. Graph Types

A bar graph of sample (x)

The width of the bars is set by the Xscl*.

The Y-axis shows the frequency.

* The Xscl can be changed to

between 1 and 64. Use the

Window Setting Menu to

change the Xscl. (See page

57.)

Histogram

(HIST)

154

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

A broken line graph for the frequency distribution of sample (x)

Three types of points can be selected from circle, cross and

square.

The correlation of points between histogram and broken line plot

are shown on the right. (The broken line is displayed by connect-

ing the upper left points of the bars of the histogram, as the upper

left point of each bar represents

each class value in the histo-

gram.)

The calculator can draw both a

histogram and a broken line plot

at the same time.

Plots the variance of the

standardized normal distribution

with the statistical data (x) on

the X axis or Y axis.

If the points plot almost linearly,

it indicates that the data is of

normal distribution.

The distance between the dots is set by the Xscl.

• The Xscl can be changed between 1 and 64. Use the Window

Setting Menu to change the figure. (See page 57)

•You cannot set the frequency in the Normal probability plot. The

statistical data must be created using only one list without

splitting into the data and frequency.

A normal distribution curve of sample(x)

The x-axis is in the range of

Xmin to Xmax.

Broken line plot

(B.L.)

Normal

probability plot

(N.P.)

Normal

distribution plot

(N.D.)

155

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

A box plot graph of sample (x)

A. The minimum value (xmin) of

the sample (x)

B. The first quartile (Q1)

C. Median (Med) of the sample

(x)

D. The third quartile (Q3)

E. The maximum value (xmax) of the sample (x)

A modified box plot graph of sample (x)

A. The minimum value (xmin) of

the sample (x)

B. The tip of extension which is

defined by (Q3

– Q1) x 1.5

C. The first quartile (Q1)

D. Median (Med) of the sample (x)

E. The third quartile (Q3)

F. The tip of extension which is defined by (Q3 – Q1) x 1.5

G. The maximum value (xmax) of the sample (x)

• Statistical data on the outside of the extension are indicated by

points, selectable from circle, cross, or square.

• The length of the extension from the box is determined by Q1

and Q3.

A EB C D

A B C D E F G

Box plot

(Box)

Modified box

plot

(MBox)

156

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

Pie graph of sample (x)

• Maximum number of division

is 8.

• Calculation range: 0 ≤ x < 10

100

• Data can be displayed in two

modes:

•Value display: 8 digits

•Percentage display: Fixed decimal (2 digits decimal)

* Pie graphs are drawn in the same order as on the specifying

list.

* Pie graphs cannot be displayed simultaneously with other

graphs and X/Y axis, though lines or dots can be drawn. The

coordinates of the free-moving cursor depend on the Window

settings.

• The values are stored in variables A to H.

• As all the displayed values are rounded down in the percentage

display mode, the total percentage may not be 100.

A two-dimensional plot graph using two samples (x, y)

Two sets of statistical data are required for the scatter diagram.

• Three types of points are

selectable from circle, cross

and square.

•Two statistical data lists can

be set to either x- or y-axis

according to your requirements.

• Displays a graph that con-

nects each point of the scatter

diagram.

• Each point is connected in the

sequence (rows) of the

statistical data.

Pie chart

(PIE)

Scatter diagram

(S.D.)

XY Line

(XYLINE)

157

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions

• Up to three graphs can be plotted per sample data.

1. Press [.

2. Select from A PLOT1, B PLOT2 or C PLOT3 and press E

to set the statistical graphing specifications.

Press @ q before step #3.

•You may just press A to C to select.

•You can overlap 3 plotting graphs (from PLOT1 to PLOT3) on a

single screen. Choose on or off at the top line to determine

whether each graph is displayed or not.

3. Press [ D (D Limit) to specify the graphing range.

The D Limit menu is used to set the upper and lower limit

lines of sample (x) of the statistical graph.

4. Press 1 (1 SET).

5. Enter the appropriate value for Lower limit and press E.

6. Enter the appropriate value for Upper limit and press E.

7. Press [ D (D Limit) and press 2 (2 LimON)

E to display a line that indicates the mean value of

sample (x), as well as the upper and lower limit lines.

8. Press [ D 3 (3 LimOFF) and E not to

display the lines.

• Upper and lower limit values are displayed using short broken

lines.

• The default value of the upper/lower limit is 1.

* The mean value line is indicated by a long broken line.

3. Statistical plotting on/off function

•You can set the statistical plotting of PLOT 1 to 3 at once.

1. Press [.

2. Press E.

Limit settings

(x value)

Displaying the

upper and lower

limit lines

Displaying the

mean value line

of sample (x)

Specifying type

of statistics

graphing

158

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

3. • To set the all plotting ON: Press 1 (1 PlotON).

•To set the all plotting OFF: Press 2 (2 PlotOFF).

*You can control the plotting of PLOT1 to PLOT3 separately

by pressing 1 ~ 3 after PlotON (or PlotOFF).

4. Press E to set.

4. Trace function of statistical graphs

• The trace feature is available in statistical graphing and can be used to trace the

curves of graphs with the cursor.

1. Press U.

2. Use ; or ' to move the cursor pointer to trace the

graph curve.

How tracing is done

• After pressing U, the

cursor pointer will appear on

the top left corner of the first

bar.

• If you press ; or ', the cursor pointer sequentially

jumps between top left corners of the bars.

•X and Y values are displayed at the bottom line of the screen.

• Use { or } to change between graphs to trace.

• After pressing U, the

cursor pointer will appear on

the Med value of sample (x).

• If you press ; or ',

the cursor pointer sequentially

jumps among specific values, such as Q1, Q3, min, max.

• The value of cursor pointer position is displayed at the bottom

line of the screen.

• If you press ; or ', the cursor pointer sequentially

trace the chart. The cursor is displayed at the outside the graph,

and the selected chart is highlighted.

Tracing the

graph

Box plots and

modified box

plots

Histogram

Pie chart

159

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

4. Data list operations

Descending sort, ascending sort, changing the list order and deleting the lists can be

done in the Operation menu.

Press S B OPE to access the data list operations.

1 sortA( sortA(

list

)

Sorts the list in ascending order.

This function is the same as the sortA( menu item in List func-

tions.

See page 135 for details.

2 sortD( sortD(

list

)

Sorts the list in descending order.

This function is the same as the sortD( menu item in List func-

tions.

See page 135 for details.

3 SetList SetList

list name 1 [, list name 2 ...]

Changes the list order as specified.

Example

To change the order of lists in

order of L2, L3, L1.

Press E to execute.

Each list must be separated by

a “ , ” (comma).

• If only a single list name is specified, the specified list moves to

the left end of the table.

• After changing the list order, execute SetList with no argument.

The list names are redefined according to the changing order.

4 ClrList ClrList

list name 1 [, list name 2 ...]

Deletes all the data from the specified list(s).

Example

To delete the data of L1 and L2.

Press E to execute.

Each list must be separated by

a “ , ” (comma).

160

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

5. Regression Calculations

1. Press S D REG.

The Regression menu is displayed.

01 Med_Med Med_Med

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression line using the median-median method.

(linear regression)

Formula: y = ax

+ b

Parameters: a, b

02 Rg_ax+b Rg_ax+b

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression line. (linear regression)

Formula: y = ax + b

Parameters: a, b, r, r

03 Rg_a+bx Rg_a+bx

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression line. (linear regression)

Formula: y = a + bx

Parameters: a, b, r, r

04 Rg_x

Rg_x

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression line using the second degree polynomial.

(quadratic regression)

Formula: y = ax

+ bx + c

Parameters: a, b, c, R

05 Rg_x

Rg_x

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression line using the third degree polynomial. (cubic

regression)

Formula: y = ax

+ bx

+ cx + d

Parameters: a, b, c, d, R

Accessing the

regression menu

161

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

06 Rg_x

Rg_x

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the fourth degree polynomial.

(quadratic regression)

Formula: y = ax

+ bx

+ cx

+ dx + e

Parameters: a, b, c, d, e, R

07 Rg_ln Rg_ln

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the natural logarithm. (natural

logarithm regression)

Formula: y = a

+ b ln x

Parameters: a, b, r, r

08 Rg_log Rg_log

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the common logarithm. (com-

mon logarithm regression)

Formula: y = a + b log x

Parameters: a, b, r, r

09 Rg_ab

Rg_ab

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the exponential function.

(exponential regression)

Formula: y = ab

Parameters: a, b, r, r

10 Rg_ae

Rg_ae

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the Euler exponential function.

(Euler exponential regression)

Formula: y = ae^bx

Parameters: a, b, r, r

162

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

11 Rg_x

–1

Rg_x

–1

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the reciprocal function. (recipro-

cal regression)

Formula: y = a + bx

Parameters: a, b, r, r

12 Rg_ax

Rg_ax

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the power function. (power

regression)

Formula: y = ax

Parameters: a, b, r, r

13 Rg_logistic Rg_logistic

(list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,

equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the logistic function. (logistic

regression)

Formula: y = c ÷ (1 + ae

)

Parameters: a, b, c

14 Rg_sin Rg_sin

([iterations,] list name for x, list name for y [, fre-

quency list] [, period] [, equation name to store])

Finds the regression curve using the sine function.

The calculator will fit a sine curve for unequal and equal spacing.

Formula: y = a sin(bx

+ c) + d

Parameters: a, b, c, d

Note: The default iterations value is 3. The user may specify the value

up to 25. To raise the accuracy, set the iterations value to 25 and

enter 2π/b to the period, where b = result obtained from the

calculation beforehand.

163

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

15 x’

value or list

x’

Finds the estimated value of x for a given value of y by applying

the function determined by the regression.

Example

When the following is entered as statistical data:

x10 20304050

y20 406080100

Find estimated value of x given

y = 140.

1. Enter the above data into L1

(x) and L2 (y) and execute

Rg_ax+b (L1, L2).

2. Press # 140 S D 1 5 E.

16 y’

value or list

y’

Find the estimated value of y for a given value of x by applying

the function determined by the regression formula.

Example

Using above data, find the estimated value for y given x = 80, 100.

1. Press # @ { 80

, 100 @ }

S D 1 6

• 15 x’ and 16 y’ will be valid

after executing a regression calculation excluding 2nd, 3rd, 4th,

degree polynomial, logistic, and sine regressions.

The following table shows the relationship between the time and

temperature of water, when heating a beaker filled with water.

Time (min) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5

Temperature

38.4 46.4 54.4 62.5 69.6 76.1 82.4 88.6 93.4 94.9 96.5 98.2 99.1 100

(°C)

Using the

regression

functions

164

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

1. Press S A E.

2. Enter the time into list 1 (L1).

3. Enter the temperature into list 2 (L2).

1. Press [ A E.

2. Press E to turn on the plotting.

3. Press } and ' to select XY of DATA menu and press

Freq will change to ListY and set L2 to ListY.

1. Press } to move the cursor to GRAPH.

2. Press [ G and 2 (2 Scattr+) to set the graph

type to scatter and point type to “+”.

3. Press Z A 9 (9 Stat) to plot the scatter diagram

for this data.

• Selecting A 9 in the ZOOM mode allows for quick

graphing in an optimum range since window setting values of

the graph plotting screen are automatically set using the list

data.

1. Press # C S D 0 4 (04 Rg_x

2. Press ( @ 1 , @ 2 , @

z A E A 1 ).

If you enter Y1 as the last variable, the obtained formula will

automatically be set to the formula Y1.

3. Press E.

The regression formula and parameters will be displayed on

the screen.

4. Press G.

The calculator will draw the scatter diagram using the deter-

mined parameter values.

5. If there is a large difference between the regression curve and

plotted dots, change the regression curve and repeat the

above procedures.

Enter a data in a

list table

Plotting the data

Selecting the

graph type

Drawing a

regression

curve using

quadratic

regression

165

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

• There are residuals between regression curves and actual

values.

• The residual list stores these residuals automatically.

• The resid list can be found in B REGEQN of the STAT VARS

menu (@ z H E B 0 ).

• Use the following key operation to recall the residual list from

the calculation screen.

# C @ z H E B 0

• Press E to display the residual list on-screen.

•To show the residual list in the form of a graph, first store as a

list, then follow the graphing operation.

* resid cannot be graphed when specified independently.

6. Statistical Hypothesis Testing

• The calculator performs hypothesis tests on statistical data.

1. Press S E (E TEST).

The statistics test menu will appear.

2. There are 17 options in the statistics test menu. Press '

to navigate between pages,

and press { or } to

scroll the window.

3. Press the appropriate

number to access a specific

test.

The statistics test window will appear.

4. Input appropriate information in the test window.

• There are two types of input, from a statistics data list or

inputting numerical values.

• Some tests may not allow for inputting from the statistics

data lists.

Start a statisti-

cal test

About the

residual list

166

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

• 16 InputList and 17 InputStats specify the above input

methods.

16 InputList: Sets the input mode to the statistic data list

method

17 InputStats: Sets the input mode to the value input mode

For example, press S E 1 6 E to set to

the list input mode.

5. Press @ h to execute the hypothesis test.

Note: • Either list input or parameter input may be used for tests other

than 01 χ

test, 05 TtestLinreg, 10 Ztest1prop, 11Ztest2prop,

14 Zint1prop and 15 Zint2prop.

•To clear the contents entered in Freq, move the cursor to the

list name then press D E.

01 χ

test Uses the sample data from a two-dimensional table represented

by a matrix.

Example

If mat A = 3 2 5 4

6 1 3 8

2 3 5 1

execute the χ

test and store the obtaining results in mat B.

1. Press S E 0 1.

2. Enter mat A as the Observed Matrix, and mat B as the

Expected Matrix.

Press @ m A

1 E @ m

A 2.

3. Press @ h to

execute the χ

test.

The result is entered in mat

: χ-squared statistic for the

test

p: p value for the test

df: degrees of freedom

167

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

02 Ftest2samp Two samples data are tested for equality of standard deviation σ

and σ

Example

Test when population standard deviation σ

< σ

= 20,

standard deviation sx

= 5.6,

= 50, and

standard deviation sx

= 6.2

1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

2. Press S E 0 2.

The parameter input screen

will appear.

3. Press ' E } to

select σ

< σ

4. Enter the values into the

parameter fields.

5.6 E 20 E 6.2 E 50 E.

5. Press @ h to

execute the test.

F: Statistics

p: Probability

03 Ttest1samp Tests the hypothesis of population mean µ.

Example

Test the population mean µ

= 65 with the sample data of

{65.6, 62.8, 66.0, 64.5, 65.1, 65.3, 63.8, 64.2, 63.5, 64.4},

from a given population

(alternate hypothesis of µ < µ

)

1. Enter the above statistical data into L1.

Press S E 1 6 E to set the list input

mode.

2. Press S E 0 3.

The parameter input screen will appear.

Set the input

method to value

input mode

168

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

3. Press ' E } to

select µ < µ

and press

4. Move the cursor pointer to µ

and input 65 and press

5. Set the List to L1 and press E.

6. Press @ h.

Answers are displayed on

the screen, where t is the t

statistic for the test, p is the

p value for the test and sx

indicates sample standard

deviation.

• If there is no weight list, the Freq field can remain empty.

04 Ttest2samp Tests two sample means, µ

and µ

Example

Test the following two samples;

List 1 {2.37, 2.51, 2.43, 2.28, 2.46, 2.55, 2.49}

List 2 {2.63, 2.71, 2.56, 2.61, 2.55, 2.68, 2.42, 2.48, 2.51, 2.65}

1. Enter the above data into lists L1 and L2, respectively.

2. Press S E 0

The parameter input screen

will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

If no Freq specification data

is input, an initial Freq value

of 1 is used.

*Pooled is prediction for

unknown σ

, σ

Select “No” if σ

, σ

, are subjectively unequal.

Select “Yes” if σ

, σ

, are equal.

Calculation is executed using this prediction as the basis.

169

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

4. Press @ h.

05 TtestLinreg Tests the significance of the slope for the linear regression and its

correlation coefficient ρ.

Example

The test is for the slope β, and correlation coefficient ρ obtained

from statistical data X {65, 56, 78, 86, 92, 71, 68} and Y {95, 59,

88, 78, 75, 68, 80} are not equal to zero (β & ρ ≠ 0.)

1. Input the above lists X and Y into lists L1 and L2, respectively.

2. Press S E 0

The parameter input screen

will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

• Equation items may not be

required.

• If a linear regression

calculation has been

executed using the data, and the function equation has been

stored in Y0 to Y9, input that equation number for the

equation items.

4. Press @ h.

Answers are displayed on

the screen, where a, b

indicate regression coeffi-

cients, s indicates standard

deviation, r indicates the

correlation coefficient, and r

indicates the coefficient of

determination.

170

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

06 Tint1samp Finds the confidence interval for the population mean µ.

Example

Find the confidence interval for the statistical data of

{65.6, 62.8, 66.0, 64.5, 65.1, 65.3, 63.8, 64.2, 63.5, 64.4},

from a given population and the level of confidence is 0.99.

1. Enter the above statistical data into list L1.

2. Press S E 0 6.

The parameter input screen will appear.

3. Enter the C-level value of

0.99.

4. Set the List to L1 and press

5. Press @ h.

Answers are displayed on

the screen, where sx

indicates the sample

standard deviation.

• If you enter a value from 1

to 100 for the C-level, it will be changed to the % input mode.

• In the numerical value input mode, n is a positive integer.

07 Tint2samp Finds the confidence interval for the difference of two sample

means, µ

and µ

Example

Use the following two sample data (used for example 04);

List 1 {2.37, 2.51, 2.43, 2.28, 2.46, 2.55, 2.49}

List 2 {2.63, 2.71, 2.56, 2.61, 2.55, 2.68, 2.42, 2.48, 2.51, 2.65},

with the level of confidence of 0.99.

171

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

1. Enter the above data in to lists L1 and L2.

2. Press S E 0

The parameter input screen

will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

in each field.

4. Press @ h.

Answers are displayed on

the screen, where the

numerical value within ()

indicates the confidence

interval for the differences

between µ

and µ

when the

level of confidence is 99%.

In the numerical value input

mode, “n

”, “n

” are positive integers.

08 Ztest1samp Tests the hypothesis of population mean µ.

Example

The average weight of a newly developed product is known to be

53.4 g and standard deviation (σ) is 4.5. Judge the validity when

the average weight of 20 units is 52.4 g (x).

Set the input method to value input mode

1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

2. Press S E 0

The parameter input screen

will appear.

3. Set the alternate hypothesis

to µ ≠ µ

, µ < µ

and µ > µ

(two-tail test, one-tail test

settings). In this case,

choose µ ≠ µ

(two-tail test).

172

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

• µ

indicates the hypothesis mean, σ indicates the population

standard deviation, x indicates the sample mean and n

indicates the sample size. (“n” is a positive integer.)

4. Enter the appropriate value in each field.

5. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where z indi-

cates the test statistic and p

indicates the p value of the

test.

09 Ztest2samp Tests the equality of two sample means, µ

and µ

Example

Test µ

> µ

where x

= 77.3, σ

= 3.4, n

= 30, and x

= 75.2, σ

2.8, n

= 20.

Set the input method to value input mode

1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

2. Press S E 0 9.

The parameter input screen will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

4. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen.

173

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

10 Ztest1prop Tests the success probability P

of a population.

Example

A coin was tossed 100 times and landed head side up 42 times.

Normally, the probability of head facing up is 0.5. Test to see if the

coin is fair.

1. Press S E 1 0.

The parameter input screen will appear.

• prop is the hypothesis probability. The test will be conducted

using hypothesis prop ≠ P

•x is the number of successes observed and n is the number

of trials (where n is a positive integer.)

2. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

3. Press @ h.

: Success probability

obtained from the sample

data.

11 Ztest2prop Executes a comparative test for two success probabilities, (P

Example

Test the equality of P

and P

given the sample data n

= 50, x

16 and n

= 20, x

= 5, where the hypothesis is P

< P

1. Press S E 1 1.

The parameter input screen will appear.

2. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

174

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

3. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where P

indi-

cates the calculated success

rate of the data combined

with sample data 1 and 2,

and P

show the success rates of sample data 1 and 2,

respectively. n

and n

are positive integers.

12 Zint1samp Finds the confidence interval of a population mean, µ.

Example

The average weight of a newly developed product is known to be

52.4 g and standard deviation (σ) is 4.5. Given the average

weight of 20 units is 53.4 g (x), find the confidence interval of the

data where the level of confidence (C-level) is 0.95.

Set the input method to value input mode

1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

2. Press S E 1 2.

The parameter input screen will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

4. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where the

numerical value within ()

indicates the confidence

interval with the level of

confidence at 0.95, that is, the confidence interval of this

sample data with the confidence level of 95% is between

51.427… and 55.372….

C-level indicates the level of confidence and n is a positive

integer.

175

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

13 Zint2samp Finds the confidence bound of two sample means µ

and µ

Example

Find the confidence interval of µ

and µ

of sample data with the

confidence level of 0.9, where x

= 77.3, σ

= 3.4, n

= 30 and x

75.2, σ

= 2.8, n

= 20 (x

and x

indicate sample means of two

data.)

Set the input method to value input mode

1. Press # S E 1 7 E.

2. Press S E 1 3.

Parameter input screen will appear.

3. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

4. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where the

numeric value within ()

indicates the confidence

interval of µ

and µ

at a confidence level of 90%.

and n

are positive integers.

14 Zint1prop Finds the confidence interval of the success probability of a

population from the success probability obtained from sample

data collected from a population.

Example

A coin was tossed 100 times and landed head side up 42 times.

Normally, the probability of head facing up is 0.5. Find the

confidence interval of the success probability at a confidence

level of 0.95.

1. Press S E 1 4.

The parameter input screen will appear.

176

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

2. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

3. Press @ h.

Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where the

numerical value within ()

indicates the confidence

interval of the success probability at a confidence level of

95%.

*n is a positive integer.

15 Zint2prop Finds the confidence interval of the difference (P

-P

) of the

success probability obtained from the two sets of sample data

collected from two different populations.

Example

Find the confidence interval of the success probability (P

, P

) at

a confidence level of 0.9 for the two sets of sample data n

= 50,

= 16 and n

= 20, x

= 5.

1. Press S E 1 5.

The parameter input screen will appear.

2. Enter the appropriate value

into each field.

3. Press @ h.

4. Answers will be displayed on

the screen, where the

numerical value within ()

indicates the confidence

interval of the success probability P

-P

at a confidence level

of 90%.

and n

are positive integers.

177

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

7. Distribution functions

The calculator has distribution features to find statistical calculations.

To enter the distribution menu,

1. Press S F (F DISTRI).

The distribution menu will appear.

2. There are 15 options in the

distribution menu. Press

' to navigate between

pages, and press { or

} to scroll the window.

3. Press E to select the function.

4. Input the specified values.

5. Press E to solve.

01 pdfnorm( pdfnorm(

value [, mean, standard deviation]

)

Finds the probability density of the specified value x for the

normal distribution N(µ, σ

). A list cannot be used.

* When mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ) are omitted, µ = 0

and σ = 1 are applied.

Example

Find the nominal distribution

probability density for x = 65

when the normal distribution of

the test score averages is 60

with a standard deviation of 6.

02 cdfnorm( cdfnorm(

lower limit, upper limit [, mean, standard deviation]

)

Calculates the normal distribution probability of a specified range

x for the normal distribution N(µ, σ

). A list cannot be used.

* When mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ) are omitted, µ = 0

and σ = 1 are applied.

Example

Calculate the probability of

range x = 54 to 66 in the above

sample.

178

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

03 InvNorm( InvNorm(

probability [, mean, standard deviation]

)

Finds the value of x of a given normal distribution probability. A

list cannot be used.

* When mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ) are omitted, µ = 0

and σ = 1 are applied.

Example

Find the value of x for the

probability of 0.8 in the above

sample.

04 pdfT( pdfT(

value, degree of freedom

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the T

distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used.

Limitations:

Degree of freedom ≤ 140

• Degrees of freedom is a positive real number.

If decimal values are used for the degrees of freedom, the

calculator uses the closest integer of the given degree of

freedom.

• An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered

for degree of freedom.

Example

Find the probability density of

the T distribution with 9 degrees

of freedom when x = 2.5.

179

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

05 cdfT( cdfT(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom

)

Finds the T distribution probability within the specified range of x

for the T distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be

used.

Limitations:

Degree of freedom ≤ 670

• Degrees of freedom is a positive real number.

Example

Find the probability of range X =

0.5 to 3.2 for T distribution with

9 degrees of freedom.

06 pdfχ

( pdfχ

(

value, degree of freedom

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the χ

distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used.

Limitations:

Degree of freedom ≤ 141

• Degree of freedom is a positive real number.

Example

Find the probability density of χ

distribution with 15 degrees of

freedom when x = 6.5.

07 cdfχ

( cdfχ

(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom

)

Finds the χ

distribution probability of a specified range of x for

the χ

distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be

used.

• Degree of freedom is a positive real number.

Example

Find the probability of range x =

3 to 15 for the χ

distribution

with 10 degrees of freedom.

180

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

08 pdfF( pdfF(

value, degree of freedom of numerator, degree of

freedom of denominator

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the F

distribution that possesses two independent degrees of freedom,

m and n. A list cannot be used.

Limitations: Degree of freedom ≤ 70

• Degree of freedom is a positive real number.

• An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered

for degrees of freedom.

Example

Find the probability density for

the F distribution generated with

degrees of freedom 15 and 10

when x = 3.

09 cdfF( cdfF(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom of numerator,

degree of freedom of denominator

)

Finds the F distribution probability of a specified range x for the F

distribution with two independent degrees of freedom, m and n. A

list cannot be used.

Limitations:

Degree of freedom ≤ 670

• Degree of freedom is a positive real number.

• An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered

for degree of freedom.

Example

Find the probability of the range

x = 0 to 2.5 for the F distribution

generated with degrees of

freedom 15 and 10.

181

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

10 pdfbin( pdfbin(

trial number, success probability [, success number])

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the binomial

distribution. A list cannot be used except for success numbers.

When the success number is not specified, the calculation is

executed by entering values from 0 to the trial number and

displays the list.

Limitations:

Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1.

Example

Find the probability density for

15 trials with x = 7, for the

binomial distribution with

success probability of 30%.

11 cdfbin( cdfbin(

trial number, success probability [, success number])

)

Finds the probability of a specified range x for the binomial

distribution. A list cannot be used except for success numbers.

When the success number is not specified, the calculation is

executed by entering values from 0 to the trial number and

displays the list.

Example

Find the probability of range up

to x = 7 for the F distribution

generated with degrees of

freedom 15 and 10.

12 pdfpoi( pdfpoi(

mean, value

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for a Poisson

distribution of mean µ.

Limitations: Mean of Poisson distribution ≤ 230

Example

Find the probability density of x

= 4, for the mean of a Poisson

distribution of 3.6.

182

Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations

13 cdfpoi( cdfpoi(

mean, value

)

Finds the probability of a specified range x for a Poisson distribu-

tion of mean mu.

Example

Find the probability within the

range up to x = 4.

14 pdfgeo( pdfgeo(

success probability, value

)

Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the geomet-

ric distribution.

Limitations:

Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1.

Example

Find the probability density of a

geometric distribution of

success at the 26th time with

success probability of 5.6%.

15 cdfgeo( cdfgeo(

success probability, value

)

Finds the probability of a specified range of x for the geometric

distribution.

Limitations:

Success probability is 0 ≤ p ≤ 1

Example

Find the probability for the

range up to x = 26 with success

probability of 5.6%.

183

Chapter 11

Financial Features

The financial calculation features include capabilities for compound interest calcula-

tions.

Press @ g.

The financial menu screen will appear.

• Specifies the TVM-SOLVER mode.

• Selects a financial calculation function

• Specifies payment due (to pay at the beginning or end of

period)

• Determines individual settings (in TVM-SOLVER mode)

1. Try it! 1

You plan to purchase a house for a price of

$300,000. The down payment is $100,000.

Calculate the monthly payments for a 30-

year loan at an annual interest rate of 5%

for the remaining $200,000.

•A horizontal line indicates a time flow (left to right) divided into

even sections — months in this case. Each section indicates a

compound period and the total number of sections indicates the

total number of periods for payment.

1. Draw the following cash flow diagram to simplify the problem.

Cash flow

Present Value (PV) = 300,000

–

100,000

= 200,000

Future Value (FV) = 0

N = 12

= 360

PMT = ?

Time flow

I = 5%

359358231

(

)

(

–

)

Draw a cash

flow diagram on

paper

184

Chapter 11: Financial Features

•Vertical arrows along the horizontal line indicate the cash flow.

An UP arrow indicates inflow (+) and a DOWN arrow indicates

outflow (–).

• The calculator considers the cash inflow for each period is

constant. (Even payment.)

2. Determine the time each payment is due.

For deposits and loan payments, the time each payment is

due (paid at the beginning or the end of the period) makes for

a different cash flow diagram.

Payment due at the end of the period

Payment due at the beginning of the period

In this case payment is due at the end of the period.

3. Determine the inflow and outflow and place the present value

(PV = $200,000) on the diagram.

We can consider the present value (PV) as a loan and thus

inflow (revenue) from the customer’s point of view. So, place

the PV at the top left end of the diagram. We also can consider

the principal interest total (Future value) as outflow (payment).

Draw a vertical line with a DOWN arrow on the top of the

diagram.

4. Complete the diagram with interest (I%), number of payment

periods (N), future value (FV), and other required numbers.

Cash flow

PMT

Time flow

I %

–

121

(

)

(

–

)

Cash flow

PMT

Time flow

I %

–

121

(

)

(

–

)

185

Chapter 11: Financial Features

. Input 360 for N (number of payment periods) and press E.

The cursor moves to “I%”.

. Input 5 for I% (annual

interest) and press E.

. Input 200000 for PV (present

value) and press E.

. Press E.

Since the payment amount is to be calculated from the other

values, no value must be entered for PMT (payment or

received amount).

. Press E again.

Since FV (future value) is “0” at the end, no value must be

entered for FV.

. Press 12 for P/Y (number of payments per year) and press

The payment due time is set to

the end of period.

Payment due settings

Number of payment periods

Interest

Present value (principal sum)

Payment or received amount

Future value (principal interest total)

Number of payments per year

Cumulative interest per year

Setting the payment due time

5. Press @ g.

6. Press C (C PERIOD).

7. Press 1 (1 PmtEnd)

and press E.

Payment due time is now set

to the end of the period.

8. Press @ g.

9. Press A E.

. The following TVM-SOLVER screen will appear.

The payment due time is set to the end of the period.

Starting the

calculation

Enter the value

using the

SOLVER

function

186

Chapter 11: Financial Features

. Press E.

Usually C/Y (cumulative

interest per year) is the

same value as P/Y. If not,

enter the value instead.

. Press { 3 times to move the cursor to PMT (payment

amount).

. Press @ h.

The result will appear as follows.

.Payment amount per month

PM = -1073.643246

(Negative value indicates

payment.)

The numerical value input

format and display format in

the FINANCE mode comply to that of SETUP.

The above answer is given when the FSE setting in SET UP

menu is set to FloatPT. If you wish to display 2 digit decimal

point format, set TAB to 2 and FSE to FIX.

Answer: You have to pay $1,073.64 per month for 30 years.

Simple interest and compound interest

There are two ways to calculate interest: simple and compound. In the FINANCE

mode, the calculator can execute compound interest calculations.

Example of depositing $10,000 in a bank for 3 years at an annual interest rate of 3%

Period Simple interest Compound interest

First year Receive $10,000 x 0.03 = Receive $10,000 x 0.03 =

$300 $300

Second year Receive $300 (constantly) Receive $10,300 x 0.03 =

$309

Third year Receive $300 (constantly) Receive $10,609 x 0.03 =

$318.27

With compound interest, the amount in the bank is increased by receiving interest on

the interest gained during each calculated period.

187

Chapter 11: Financial Features

Try it! 2

If the monthly payments in the first example is limit to a fixed $800, how much

must be the present value (PV) and the required amount of down payment.

1. Press @ ; C 2 D 2

TAB is set to 2 and FSE is set to FIX.

2. Press C @ g

A and E .

The previous TVM-SOLVER

screen will appear with the

cursor flashing on N.

3. Press } three times to move the cursor to PMT.

4. Press _ 800 and E.

Be sure to enter the minus

sign to indicate payment.

5. Move the cursor to PV.

6. Press @ h.

7. PV will change to 149025.29

• This indicates that the total

amount over 30 years will

be $149,025.29 if the

maximum monthly pay-

ment is limited to $800.

Cash flow

PV = 300,000

–

down payment

FV = 0

N = 360

PMT = 800

Time flow

I = 5%

359358231

(

)

(

–

)

Set the TAB and

FSE (2 and FIX

respectively)

188

Chapter 11: Financial Features

•So, the required amount of down payment is

$300,000 – $149,025.29 = $150,974.71.

Using the TVM-SOLVER screen, you can obtain various results

by inputting the known variables and then moving the cursor to

the unknown variable and pressing @ h . The value

where the cursor pointer is placed will be calculated from the

known variables.

Example

Compare the principal interest total when accumulating an

interest of 2.18% monthly on $100 for 5 years with payment due

at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period.

1. Payment due at the beginning of the period

1. Press @ g C 2 and press E.

2. Press @ g A E.

Payment due is now set to

the beginning of the period.

3. Enter the values.

4. Move the cursor to FV and

press @ h.

2. Payment due at the end of the period.

1. Press @ g C 1 and press E.

2. Press @ g A E.

Payment due is now set to

the beginning of the period.

3. Enter the values.

4. Move the cursor to FV and

press @ h.

189

Chapter 11: Financial Features

2. CALC functions

Press @ g B to access the CALC functions.

The CALC functions 01 to 05 calculate any of the following

variables from the other variables. (The same calculations are

possible as the SOLVER functions.)

N: Number of payment periods

I%: Interest

PV: Present value (principal sum)

PMT: Payment or received amount

FV: Future value (principal interest total)

P/Y: Number of payments per year

C/Y: Cumulative interest per year

• The contents calculated on the calculation screen do not affect

the variable values in the TVM-SOLVER.

01 slv_pmt solv_pmt [(

N, I%, PV, FV, P/Y, C/Y

)]

Calculates monthly payment (PMT)

02 slv_I% slv_I% [(

N, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y

)]

Calculates annual interest

03 slv_PV slv_PV [(

N, I%, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y

)]

Calculates present value (PV)

04 slv_N slv_N [(

I%, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y

)]

Calculates the number of payment periods (N)

05 slv_FV slv_FV [(

N, I%, PV, PMT, P/Y, C/Y

)]

Calculates future value (FV)

190

Chapter 11: Financial Features

06 Npv ( Npv (

Interest rate, initial investment, list of following col-

lected investment [, frequency list]

)

Calculates the net present value and evaluates the validity of the

investment. You can enter unequal cash flows in the list of

following collected investment.

Example

The initial investment is $25,000

planning to achieve the profits

each year as shown on the

right, Evaluate whether annual

revenue of 18% is achieved.

*You can execute the calcula-

tion by using a list or a

frequency list calculation.

The result indicates that annual revenue of 18% cannot be

secured.

07 Irr ( Irr (

initial investment, list of following collected investment [,

frequency list] [, assumed revenue rate]

)

Calculates the investment revenue rate where the net present

value is 0.

Example

If the investment for the sales

plan in the previous example is

$28,000, how much is the

investment revenue rate?

• 12.42 is obtained as the

answer, thus, the investment revenue rate for the above

condition is 12.42%.

* In the previous example, revenues following the investment

value (input using minus sign) were assumed to be positive.

However, when the assumed revenue is set to minus (in other

words, more than two inverse symbols), the assumed revenue

rate must be entered at the end. Otherwise an error may occur.

$25,000

$7K

$9K

$5K

$8K

$11K

12345

Year

191

Chapter 11: Financial Features

The following CALC functions, 08 Bal, 09 ΣPrn and

10 ΣInt require the values of I%, PV and PMT

variables. Enter the values beforehand in the TVM-

SOLVER function.

Example using the 08 and 10

calculations

You plan to purchase a house for the price of $300,000. The down

payment is $100,000. Calculate the monthly payments for a 30-

year loan at an annual interest rate of 5% for the remaining

$200,000.

08 Bal ( Bal (

number of payments [, decimal place to round]

)

Calculates loan balance.

Calculate the loan balance after

15 years (180 months).

09 ΣPrn ( ΣPrn (

initial number of payments, end number of payments [,

decimal place to round]

Calculates the principal amount of the total payments.

Compare the principal amount

of the total payments after 5 (1

to 60 months) and 10 years (61

to 120 months).

10 ΣInt ( ΣInt (

Initial number of payments, end number of payments [,

decimal place to round]

)

Calculates the sum of the interest on the payments.

Compare the sum of the

interest on the payment sum

after 5 years and 10 years.

192

Chapter 11: Financial Features

Conversion functions

11 →Apr ( →Apr (

effective interest rate, number of settlements

)

Converts effective interest rate to nominal interest rate

Example

If the effective interest rate is

12.55%, how much is the

nominal interest rate for the

quarterly compound interest? If

the monthly compound interest

rate is 10.5%, how much is the

nominal interest rate?

12 →Eff ( →Eff (

nominal interest rate, number of settlements

)

Converts nominal interest rate to effective interest rate

Example

If the annual (nominal) interest

rate is 8%, how much is the

effective interest rate for

monthly compound interest?

How much is it over half a year?

13 days ( days (

start month.day year, end month.day year

)

days (

day month.year, day month.year

)

Calculates the number of days between dates entered (within the

range of 1950 to 2049)

Year, month, and day must be

entered in 2-digit form. For

example, enter 02 for 2002.

Calculate the number of days

from September 1, 1997 to

December 31, 2004.

193

Chapter 11: Financial Features

3. VARS Menu

The VARS menu consist of a list of the variables used for the TVM-SOLVER functions.

• The VARS menu can be used to enter values in the sub-menu

within the Finance menu.

1. Press @ g D.

2. The VARS sub-menu will

appear.

3. Select the appropriate

variable to use.

The variables in the VARS sub-menu are the same as those of

the TVM-SOLVER feature.

1. Press # @ g

D 1 E.

2. Press @ g D

2 E.

3. Press @ g D 3 E.

• Each variable of the TVM-SOLVER can be recalled and then

reentered.

Reenter 400 for N instead of 360

1. Press 400 R.

2. Press @ g D

1 E.

How to recall

the content of N

How to recall

the content of

How to recall

the content of

How to reenter

the value

194

Chapter 12

The SOLVER Feature

The SOLVER feature is one of the calculator’s most powerful and distinctive features,

and helps you solve math problems with various analysis methods.

Using this feature, problems from linear equations to complex formulas can be solved

with ease.

To access the SOLVER feature, press @ '; to exit, press #.

Note: • The SOLVER feature is not available in the Basic mode.

• The SOLVER feature shares variables with other calculator

features. These variables can be called up or defined within the

SOLVER feature OR any other features. For example, solving/

defining a value of “A” within the SOLVER feature will also

change the global value of “A”.

1. Three Analysis Methods: Equation, Newton,

and Graphic

To switch your preferred analysis style:

1. Go into the SOLVER menu by pressing @ ' WITHIN

the SOLVER window. The SOLVER menu appears with four

menu items.

2. While A METHOD item is

selected on the left, select

your preferred method by

pressing 1, 2, or

The Equation method is useful when there is only one unknown

variable. For example, if you know the values of B and C for an

expression “A

+ B = C”, use the Equation method.

Example

Determine the value of “C” in “A = 2B

+ 4C”, when A = 4, and

B = 5.

Equation

method

195

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

1. Enter SOLVER by pressing @ '. The word SOLVER

will flash on the screen, indicating that you are now in the

SOLVER feature mode.

2. Enter the equation “A = 2B

+ 4C”.

Press A A A =

2 A B y + 4

A C.

3. Press E.

The screen above right appears, indicating that there are 3

variables to be assigned.

Note: If values were assigned to those variables prior to this operation,

then the previously set values will be shown here. For example,

“C = 57” may show up in this

window; this simply indicates

the value of “C” was previously

set to “57”.

4. Enter “4” for variable “A”, and

“5” for variable “B”.

Press 4 E 5 E.

5. When the two known values have been specified, make sure

that the cursor is at the value yet to be determined (in this

case, the value of “C”).

6. Press @ h to

execute the SOLVER. The

value of “C” will be obtained.

* After the solution has been

found, press C to return

to the variable input screen. You may change the numeric

values for the variables and select another unknown variable to

solve.

*To edit the equation, press C on the variable input screen.

The equation input screen allows you to correct or edit the

previously input equation.

196

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

Newton’s method is a technique of finding approximate solutions

to a math problem via calculus, when conventional algebraic

techniques just cannot work. If the Equation method fails, the

calculator will automatically switch to Newton’s method.

Example

Solve “X

+ 4X – 2 = 0”.

1. Enter SOLVER by pressing @ '. If you have items left

on the screen, clear the entries by pressing the C key

several times.

2. Enter “X

+ 4X – 2”. When

the expression is entered as

a non-equation format, then

“=0” is automatically as-

sumed at the end. When

done, press E.

3. The next screen indicates

the variable “X” and its

previously set value. This

value will be assumed as the

starting point of the calcula-

tion segments, and the

Newton SOLVER will find the closest approximation to the

starting point. Enter “0”, and press E.

4. Now, press @ h to

execute the SOLVER. Since

this cannot be solved using

the Equation method, the

calculator automatically

switches analysis to

Newton’s method.

5. The next window confirms

the starting point of the

analysis (set to “X = 0” from

step #3), and the size of

each step (default is set to

“0.001”). Press @ h.

Newton’s

method

197

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

6. The following window shows

the approximate value of X

(0.449489742), the right side

value of the equation

(assumed as “0”, at step #2),

the left side value (which the

entered expression results to this value when the value X is

entered), and the difference between the left and the right

side.

7. Since the L-R difference

above indicates a margin of

error, try entering smaller

steps. Press C to go

back to step #3. Enter the

value of X, then press @

h to execute the SOLVER again. When the next window

appears, try entering smaller step value (“0.00001”, for

example).

8. Press E to register the

step value change, then

@ h. Although the

value of X appears to be

unchanged, the margin of

error will have become small

enough (“0”, in this example), to be as close to zero as

possible.

Note: As you may well know, there may be more than one solution to

the equation. To obtain the value of the other solutions, set the

starting point of Newton’s method lower (“

-10”, for example) or

execute the SOLVER again with the current solution as a starting

point.

198

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

The Graphic method is another way of approximating solutions,

using graphical representations. This method is particularly useful

when finding more than one solution on a graph axis.

Example

Obtain values for “Y = X

– 3X

+ 1”, when Y = 0.

1. Press @ ' to enter SOLVER. Clear screen entries by

pressing C several times.

2. Enter “Y = X

– 3X

+ 1” into

the initial window, and press

3. In the next window, set the Y

value as “0”, and press

E. The right side value

of the equation is now set.

Note: Unlike in the Newton’s method,

the X value will not be assumed

as the starting point for the

Graphic method.

4. Before proceeding further,

you will need to set the

SOLVER to the Graphic

method. Press @ '

to call up the SOLVER

menu, and press A (for

“A METHOD”), then 3 (for “3 Graphic”). The Graphic

method is now set.

5. Press @ h to proceed.

6. Next in the following window,

specify the range of analysis

that will incorporate all

possible solution. In this

example, we will set the

beginning point at “

-1”, and

the end point at “3”. Press E at each variable entry.

Graphic method

199

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

Note: The analysis will be limited to the range specified; a solution

outside of the analysis range will not be detected. If no crossing

point is found in the range, then a message “No solution found”

will show at the bottom of the screen.

7. Pressing @ h at this point will engage the analysis,

as well as the graphical representation of the equation. Note

that while the cursor flashes at the upper right corners of the

screen, the calculator is busy processing tasks.

8. When the processing is

complete, you will get the

first value of X (the small-

est), with a flashing star on

the graph at the crossing

point.

To obtain the next X value,

press @ k.

Note: To enlarge a part of graph after

the solution has been found,

you may use the ZOOM Box

function. Press Z and use the cursor for defining the box

area.

200

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use

The expressions you have entered in the SOLVER can be named

and stored:

1. Go to the SOLVER menu by

pressing @ '.

2. Press C to select the C

SAVE menu, and press

3. When the next screen

appears, ALPHA LOCK

mode is automatically set

and the cursor is changed to

“

A”, indicating that alphabet

characters can be entered.

To enter numbers, press A.

The equation name should consist of 8 characters/numbers or

less.

4. When done, press E. The screen goes back to the

SOLVER function screen.

Saved SOLVER expressions can also be renamed:

1. Go to the SOLVER menu, and press D to select the D

RENAME sub-menu.

2. A list of saved equation

names appears in the sub-

menu. Select the equation

name you wish to change.

For example, press 0

1 to select the first item

of the list.

3. When renaming is complete, press E to save the change.

The screen goes back to the SOLVER function screen.

201

Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature

3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation

To recall a stored SOLVER equation:

1. Go to the SOLVER menu,

and press B to select

the B EQTN sub-menu.

2. A list of saved equation

names appears in the sub-

menu. Select the equation you wish to call back.

3. Press E. The stored equation is called back.

Note: Any changes unsaved prior to recalling will be lost. Also be aware

that any changes to the recalled equation will not be retained

unless saved manually.

202

Chapter 13

Programming Features

The calculator has programming features that enable automatic processing of a series

of calculations any number of times.

* The Programming features are only supported by the Advanced mode. In the Basic

mode, only the execution of programs is available.

Almost all the calculation and graphing language can be used in programs as well as

the usual control flow statements such as If, For, While and Goto (with Label).

Please note that complex numbers cannot be used in programming.

1. Try it!

Display a message “HELLO WORLD” on the

display.

1. Press P.

The program menu screen will appear.

A EXEC Executes the

selected program

B EDIT Opens a stored

program file.

C NEW Creates a new

program file

* In the Basic mode, only the A EXEC menu item will appear.

Creating a new

program

203

Chapter 13: Programming Features

2. Press C E.

A new program window will

open.

3. Input the program name

(HELLO) on the top line of

the screen.

Up to 8 characters can be used for the title.

4. Press E.

5. The cursor will move to the program input field just under the

title.

6. Press P.

The program menu will open.

The commands and other

statements are preinstalled

in the calculator.

Do not directly type in commands using the Alphabetical

mode, select each command from the program menu.

Note: Press @ j, and you can access all the available com-

mands at once.

7. Select A 1.

8. Press P.

9. Select A 2.

The characters following a

double quotation mark can

be manipulated as text. No double quotation mark is required

to close the text.

. Press @ . to enter

the alphabetic lock mode.

.Type HELLO WORLD.

Up to 160 alphanumeric

characters can be input per

line. (Strings of up to 158 characters maximum can be entered

per line excluding commands, because each command is

regarded as a single character.

Starting

programming

Entering a

command

Entering the

alphabetical

input lock mode

204

Chapter 13: Programming Features

When a line exceeds the width of the screen, the display will

shift to the left.

. Press E.

The cursor will move to the next line and the data input will be

stored.

Store the program line by line by pressing E, { or

. Press @ q to exit the program edit screen.

. Press P A.

A list of stored programs will

appear.

. Press 0 1 to

execute the program 01

“HELLO”.

2. Programming Hints

Press P B and then the appropriate numbers to open

the stored program.

Press @ i to enter the insert type mode.

Press E to go to the next line. Be sure to press @ i

again to turn off the insert type mode and return to type over

mode.

Press E twice to insert a blank line.

Press A to enter characters. Press @ . to use a

ALPHA-LOCK mode to input a series of alphabetical characters.

In general, only a single command can be input per line.

Store the

program line by

line

Execute the

program

Editing the

program

Adding com-

mands, strings

or command

lines to the

program

Entering

alphabetical

characters

(uppercase

only)

Inputting

commands

205

Chapter 13: Programming Features

After pressing E, } or {, the line will be stored in

memory. Otherwise, it is not stored. Be sure to store the all lines

by pressing E ({ or }) before quitting editing

(pressing @ q).

Blank lines are ignored during execution. You can include blank

lines to gain better readability.

Move the cursor to the line you wish to delete and press C.

Move the cursor to on or after the letter you wish to delete and

press D or B, respectively.

Press @ p and use C DEL. (See Chapter 14 OPTION

Menu, page 224).

Press P H in the program edit mode. (See page 216 for

details)

Press { to move the cursor to the program name field. Enter

the new name and press E or }.

Pressing E again after execution of the program completes.

Press O or @ q to break the execution process.

Storing a

program line by

line

Deleting a line

Blank line

Deleting

command or

strings

Deleting an

entire program

Copying a line

to another

location

Changing the

program name

Re-executing

the program

Break the

execution

process

206

Chapter 13: Programming Features

3. Variables

• Single letters (uppercase letter from A to Z and θ) can be used as variables.

• Defined once in one program, a variable is set as a global variable across all other

stored programs unless redefined.

Hence results calculated in one program can be used by another.

• Only value (numbers) can be set as variables.

• Strings cannot be set as variables.

Setting a variable

Use R to input a specific value or the value of formula into

the variable. Do not use = (comparison operands) to set the

values into variable.

5 → X The variable X is set to the value 5.

MX + B → Y The variable Y is set to the value of formula MX + B.

4. Operands

• Almost all the calculation operands can be used in a program.

• Input an operand directly from the keys (+, –, ×, ÷, sin, cos, log and others) or using

MATH, STAT, LIST, MATRIX and other menus.

Comparison operands

• The calculator has 6 compari-

son operands.

• Press M F and select

an appropriate comparison

operand.

= Equal ≠ Not equal

> Greater than ≥ Greater than or equal

< Less than ≤ Less than or equal

207

Chapter 13: Programming Features

5. Programming commands

•Print, Input, Wait, Rem, End and other commands can be used in a program.

Screen settings, data input/output, graph settings and others can be controlled from

a program.

• Press P in the program edit mode to input the command.

A PRGM menu P A

1 Print Print

variable

“character strings [“]

Displays the value of the variable on the screen.

The display format may vary according to the SET UP menu

settings.

Character strings displayed by the print command will break at

the edge of the screen.

2 “

command “ strings

Characters enclosed by double-quote marks are considered to be

strings.

The closing double-quote can be omitted when it would appear at

the end of a line.

3 Input Input

[“prompt strings”,] variable

Enables the user to input a

value (list, etc.) for the specified

variable during execution. A

message “variable = ?” or

“prompt strings?” will appear on

the screen while the calculator

waits for data input.

Prompt strings include alpha-

betical words, numbers, and

other character strings that can

be entered by keys and menus.

208

Chapter 13: Programming Features

4 Wait Wait [

natural number

(1 to 255)]

Interrupts execution for the

(natural number) of seconds. If

no value is specified, interrup-

tion continues until any key is

pressed.

•A symbol will flash at the

upper right corner of the screen during the wait.

• This command can be used for displaying intermediate results

or other information.

5 Rem Rem

comments

Comments start with Rem and extend to the end of the line.

These lines are ignored at execution.

Comments should be entered as notes for future reference,

though it should be noted that they do occupy some memory

space.

6 End End

Indicates the end of a program.

End is not necessary at the last line of the program.

7 Key Key

variable

If a numeric key or one of the cursor keys is pressed, the variable

is set to the corresponding numeric value as specified in the

following table.

keys Numbers keys Numbers keys Numbers

0 0 5 5 ' 10

1 1 6 6 ; 11

2 2 7 7 { 12

3 3 8 8 } 13

4 4 9 9

Keys and Corresponding Numbers

209

Chapter 13: Programming Features

B BRNCH menu P B

See 6. Flow control tools on page 214.

C SCRN menu P C

C SCRN menu commands are used to display or clear the

screen.

1 ClrT ClrT

Clears the program text screen without affecting the plotted

graph.

2 ClrG ClrG

Clears the graph screen without affecting the specified graph.

After the graph screen is cleared, the specified graph statement is

drawn.

3 DispT DispT

Displays the program text screen.

4 DispG DispG

Displays the graph screen.

D I/O menu P D

This menu is used to send or receive data from externally

connected devices.

1 Get Get

variable

Receives data from externally connected devices.

2 Send Send

variable

Sends data to externally connected devices.

210

Chapter 13: Programming Features

E SETUP menu P E

SETUP menu commands are used to set the various settings

used in graphing and calculations.

01 Rect Rect

Sets the graph coordinates as X and Y coordinates.

02 Param Param

Sets the graph coordinates as parametric coordinates.

03 Polar Polar

Sets the graph coordinates as polar coordinates.

04 Web Web

Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.

u(n

– 1) is set to the X axis and u(n) is set to the Y axis.

05 Time Time

Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.

n is set to the X axis and u(n), v(n) and w(n) is set to the Y axis.

06 uv uv

Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.

u(n) is set to the X axis and v(n) is set to the Y axis.

07 uw uw

Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.

u(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.

08 vw vw

Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.

v(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.

09 Deg Deg

10 Rad Rad

11 Grad Grad

Sets the angle mode to degree, radian and gradient, respectively.

211

Chapter 13: Programming Features

12 FloatPt FloatPt

13 Fix Fix

14 Sci Sci

15 Eng Eng

16 Tab Tab

integer

(0 to 9)

Sets the number display mode to floating point, fixed decimal,

scientific and engineering, respectively.

17 Decimal Decimal

18 Mixed Mixed

19 Improp Improp

20 x±yi x±yi

21 r ∠ θ r ∠ θ

Sets the answering mode to the one specified.

F FORMAT menu P F

F FORMAT menu commands are used to set the graph format.

01 RectCursor RectCursor

Sets the graph coordinate display format to X - Y axes.

02 PolarCursor PolarCursor

Sets the graph coordinates display format to polar coordinates.

03 ExprON ExprON

Sets the graph equation to be displayed on the graph screen.

04 ExprOFF ExprOFF

Sets the graph equation to not be displayed on the graph screen.

05 Y’ ON Y’ON

Sets the derived function (Y’) to be displayed on the graph

screen.

06 Y’ OFF Y’OFF

Sets the derived function (Y’) to not be displayed on the graph

screen.

212

Chapter 13: Programming Features

07 AxisON AxisON

Sets the specified axis to be displayed on the graph screen.

08 AxisOFF AxisOFF

Sets the specified axis to not be displayed on the graph screen.

09 GridON GridON

Sets the grid lines to be displayed on the graph screen.

10 GridOFF GridOFF

Sets the grid lines to not be displayed on the graph screen.

11 Connect Connect

Draws a graph with connected lines.

12 Dot Dot

Draws a graph with dots.

13 Sequen Sequen

Draws the graphs in sequential order.

14 Simul Simul

Draws the graphs simultaneously.

213

Chapter 13: Programming Features

G S_PLOT menu P G

S_PLOT menu commands are used for statistics plotting.

1 Plt 1( Sets the statistical graph settings for plot 1.

2 Plt 2( Sets the statistical graph settings for plot 2.

3 Plt 3( Sets the statistical graph settings for plot 3.

The above menu commands have the same usage as the

following:

Plt1(

graph type, X list name [, Y list name, frequency list]

)

* Press [ to specify a graph type.

4 PlotON PlotON

[number]

Sets drawing of the specified statistical graph to on.

If no number is specified, this command turns on all of the

statistical graphs.

5 PlotOFF PlotOFF

[number]

Sets drawing of the specified statistical graph to off.

If no number is specified, this command turns off all of the

statistical graphs.

6 LimON LimON

This commands turns on the limit lines for upper, lower, and mean

values.

7 LimOFF LimOFF

This commands turns off the limit lines for upper, lower, and

mean values.

214

Chapter 13: Programming Features

6. Flow control tools

The calculator has the common flow control tools such as Goto - Label loop struc-

tures, and If-, For- and While-statement clauses for enhancing a program’s efficiency.

It also has the capability for subroutines.

It is recommended to use If, For or While statements rather than Goto-Label loop

structures.

To access the flow control tools, use the P B BRNCH menu.

01 Label Label

label name

Specifies a branch destination for Goto or Gosub.

The same Label name cannot be used in two places within the

same program.

Up to 10 characters can be used for a Label name.

Up to 50 Labels can be used in a single program.

02 Goto Goto

label name

To shift the program execution to a label.

03 If If

conditional statements

Goto

label name

conditional statements

Then

commands or multiple statements

[Else

commands or multiple statements

]

EndIf

* Multiple statements mean a group of statement lines separated

by colons(:) that are evaluated as a single line.

Within a second structure it is possible to use the following menu

items.

04 Then

05 Else

06 EndIf

* Use a comparison operand in a condition statement.

* Up to 115 If clauses can be nested, though if combined with

other types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may

vary due to the memory capacity.

215

Chapter 13: Programming Features

For

variable, initial value, end value [, increment]

commands or multiple statements

• The increment value can be omitted. The default value is 1.

•For and Next statements must be placed at the beginning of the

line.

• If the comparisons

variable

end value

(

positive

) or

variable

end value

(

negative

) are satisfied, the program will end the loop

and go to the line indicated by the Next command.

• Up to 5 For loops can be nested, though if combined with other

types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may vary due

to the memory capacity.

• It is highly recommended that Label and Goto statements are

not used in For loop structures.

While

conditional statements

commands or multiple statements

WEnd

• While and WEnd statements must be placed at the beginning of

the line.

• Multiple While loops can be nested to within the memory

capacity.

• Conditional statements are evaluated before entering the While

clause.

• It is highly recommended that Label and Goto statements are

not used in While loop structures.

* Up to 8 while loops can be nested, though if combined with

other types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may

vary due to the memory capacity.

07 For

08 Next

09 While

10 WEnd

216

Chapter 13: Programming Features

Gosub

label name

.....................

End

[Rem

start of the subroutine (label name)

]

Label

label name

Statements

Return

Subroutine structures can be used for programming.

• The Gosub label name must be the same as the Label starting

the subroutine.

•A Return statement is necessary at the end of the subroutine.

When the Return statement is executed, the calculator executes

the next line after the Gosub statement.

• Up to 10 subroutines can be nested.

7. Other menus convenient for programming

H COPY menu P H

You can copy and paste line by line using the COPY menu

commands.

1. Move the cursor to the line that you wish to copy.

2. Press P H.

3. Select 1 StoLine and press

The selected line will be

stored in the memory.

4. Move the cursor to the line where you wish to paste the stored

line.

11 Gosub

12 Return

217

Chapter 13: Programming Features

5. Press P H, select 2

RclLine and press E.

The stored line will be

inserted at the targeted

position.

• Please note that only a single line can be stored in the

memory.

VARS menu

• Functions that control the

graph screen can be selected

from the VARS menu.

• Press @ z to display

the VARS menu (shown to the

right).

* There are differences in functions between the Advanced mode

and the Basic mode. The following menus and their descriptions

are based on the Advanced mode.

A EQVARS Specifies the graph equation (Y1 to Y9, and Y0, X1T•Y1T to

X6T•Y6T, R1 to R6).

B WINDOW Specifies the functions that set the graph display screen size

(Xmin, Ymax, Tstep, etc.).

C STOWIN Specifies the stored zoom (window) setting value (Zm_Xmin,

Zm_Ymax, etc.).

D L_DATA Specifies list data (L_Data1 to L_Data9, and L_Data0).

E G_DATA Specifies the graph data (G_Data1 to G_Data9, and G_Data0).

F PICTUR Specifies picture data (Pict1 to Pict9, and Pict0).

G TABLE Specifies table setting values (Table Start, Table Step, Table List).

H STAT Specifies statistics, functions ( x

, Σx, y

… ), regression expres-

sions, points and statistical verification functions.

218

Chapter 13: Programming Features

• The commands and functions in the VARS menu can be

displayed on the screen. Current setting data can also be reset.

• The results of arithmetic functions can also be displayed.

• The ZOOM command is selected directly from the ZOOM menu.

Names of some ZOOM commands change when inserted into

programs. These are [A ZOOM], [C POWER], [D EXP], [E

TRIG], and [F HYP] of the ZOOM menu.

“Zm_” is automatically added to each of these functions when

inserted into programs.

Example

Zm_Auto, Zm_x

, Zm_sin, etc.

• Always enter the argument for functions requiring an argument

at the end of the command, such as the CALC function (@

k). An error will be returned for commands not accompa-

nied by an argument.

Example

Value 5

Example

Set Xmin =

-3, Xmax = 10, Xscl = 1, Ymin = -5, Ymax = 5, Yscl =

1 in the WINDOW screen.

Use R to input the settings.

Expression Operational sequence

-3 ⇒ Xmin _ 3 R @ z B E A 1 E

10 ⇒ Xmax 10 R @ z E 2 E

1 ⇒ Xscl 1 R @ z E 3 E

-5 ⇒ Ymin _ 5 R @ z E 4 E

5 ⇒ Ymax 5 R @ z E 5 E

1 ⇒ Yscl 1 R @ z E 6 E

* Operation to input a function equation (for example, x

+ 2) to

the graphic equation “Y1” is also made using R in the same

manner as described above.

“X

+ 2” ⇒ Y1: P A 2 X y + 2 P

A 2 R @ z A E A 1

Note: Function equations cannot be assigned in the graphic equations,

such as Y1, if the EDITOR mode under SET UP is set to Equa-

tion. Switch the EDITOR to One line mode prior to assigning such

graphic equations.

219

Chapter 13: Programming Features

Example

The following data are included in list L1.

L1: 165, 182.5, 173.8, 166.5, 185.3

A one-variable calculation was executed based on this data.

After returning to the calculation screen, average values can be

viewed by using the following procedure.

• Press @ z H

E A 0 2 to

display “x

” on the screen.

• Press E to obtain the

average value of X as

determined in the previous calculation.

• In this way, the contents of an immediately preceding statistical

calculation can be stored as statistical values.

• These contents remain valid until the next statistical calculation

is executed, even if the power is turned off.

• The same is true even for regression calculations and verifica-

tion calculations.

8. Debugging

After programming, it is required to debug the program.

1. Press P A and select the program to debug.

If any bugs are present, error messages will appear.

The following example indicates that the same label name has

been used two or more times.

2. Press ; or ' to display the line where the error exists

and correct the mistake.

220

Chapter 13: Programming Features

Execution can be interrupted by pressing O.

Use this command if the program enters an infinite loop. Press

; or ' to display the program source with the cursor on

the line where interrupted.

* Refer to Appendix “Error Codes and Error Messages” on page

235.

* It is highly recommended that goto-Label statements are not

used in If, While and For loop structures.

* Multiple statements cannot be used in a command line such as

Else, EndIf, Next, While and WEnd. It is recommended not to

use multiple statements.

9. Sample programs

* Fill the matrix M × N with random numbers from 0 to 9.

Input “ROW:”, M

Input “COLUMN:”, N

{M, N} ⇒ dim(mat A)

1 ⇒ I

While I ≤ M

1 ⇒ J

While J ≤ N

int (random x10) ⇒ mat A(I, J)

J + 1 ⇒ J

WEnd

I + 1 ⇒ I

WEnd

Print mat A

Wait

End

When an infinite

loop occurs

Ask and set the

dimension of

mat A

Generate integer

from 0 to 9 using

int and random

function and set it

to each element

Print mat A for

confirmation

MATFILL

221

Chapter 13: Programming Features

10 ⇒ dim(L1)

Gosub INSCORE

Gosub AVGSCORE

Plt1(Hist, L1)

Zm_Stat

Wait

End

Label INSCORE

1 ⇒ I

Input “ENTER SCORE”, A

A ⇒ L1(1)

2 ⇒ I

For I, 2, 10

Input “ENTER NEXT”, A

A ⇒ L1(I)

Return

Label AVGSCORE

Print “AVERAGE IS

Median(L1) ⇒ M

Print M

Wait 3

Return

HIST

Sequencially

input the data in

list L1.

Calculate the

median of List

L1.

222

Chapter 14

OPTION Menu

The calculator is equipped with OPTION menu for adjusting the display contrast,

checking memory usage, deleting stored data, transferring data, and resetting the

calculator’s memory.

Accessing the OPTION Menu

Press @ p.

The OPTION Menu will appear.

A: Adjusts the display contrast

B: Checks the memory usage

C: Deletes files

D: Link command to use with another calculator or PC.

E: Resets the calculator

1. Adjusting the screen contrast

1. Press @ p.

The screen contrast setting window will appear.

2. Press + to darken or - to lighten the screen.

2. Checking the memory usage

The memory usage window enables you to check how much memory you have used.

If the memory is nearly full, delete files or reset the calculator to operate safely.

1. Press @ p.

2. Press B.

The memory check window

will appear. The remaining

number of bytes of user

memory will be shown on the display.

The user memory is used to store data for graph equations,

graph screens, matrices, lists and so on.

223

Chapter 14: OPTION Menu

3. If you want check the details,

press E.

The detailed memory usage

window will appear.

The total remaining memory

will appear on the bottom line of the screen.

4. Press } to scroll the

window.

List: The amount of memory (bytes) used by lists

Matrix: The amount of memory (bytes) used by matrices

Graph Eqn: The amount of memory (bytes) used by graph equations

Solver Eqn: The amount of memory (bytes) used by solver equations

Program: The amount of memory (bytes) used by program files

Picture: The amount of memory (bytes) used by graph pictures

G_Data: The amount of memory (bytes) used by stored graph data

L_Data: The amount of memory (bytes) used by stored list data

Slide: The amount of memory (bytes) used by slide shows the user has

created

224

Chapter 14: OPTION Menu

3. Deleting files

Press @ p C to enter the delete menu.

The sub-menu items are the same as those of the Memory Check menu (List, Matrix,

Graph Eqn, Solver Eqn, Program, Picture, G_Data, L_Data and Slide).

Deletions can be executed entry by entry.

1. Press @ p C

The matrix deletion window

will appear with the cursor

pointer at the top (mat A).

2. Move the cursor pointer to mat C using { / }.

3. Press E.

mat C will disappear and the

mat C line will become

empty.

• Press @ q to cancel

the delete option.

• Above procedures and displays are only an example. Displayed

items may vary according to data input and use.

* Press @ p C 0 to delete the memories

previously entered.

4. Linking to another EL-9900 or PC

Using the optional CE-451L or CE-LK2, the EL-9900 can be linked to another EL-

9900 or PC, respectively.

To transfer data, press @ p D to open the Link option window. Press

1 to send data and press 2 to receive data.

1. Connect the calcula-

tors securely using

the optional CE-451L

communication cable.

•

Make sure the commu-

nication cable is firmly inserted into the ports of both calculators.

* Use the CE-451L only for linking two EL-9900’s.

The EL-9900 can only be linked to another EL-9900.

To delete the

matrix mat C

Transmission

between EL-

9900’s

225

Chapter 14: OPTION Menu

2. Press @ p D on both calculators.

3. Press 2 on the receiv-

ing machine.

The receive mode screen

will appear on the display.

4. Press 1 on the sending

machine.

5. The send menu will appear on the display. Specify the data to

send from the following categories.

A SELECT Displays the menu window to send the data specified as follows:

01 ALL Displays a list of all

the stored files

category by category.

02 List Displays a list of all

the stored list files.

03 Matirx Displays a list of all the stored matrix files.

04 Graph Eqn Displays a list of all the stored graph equations.

05 Solver Eqn Displays a list of all the stored solver equations.

06 Program Displays a list of all the stored program files.

07 G_Data Displays a list of all the stored graph data files.

08 L_Data Displays a list of all the stored list data files.

09 Picture Displays a list of all the stored picture files.

10 Slide Displays a list of all the user-made slide show data.

11 A - Z, θ Displays a list of variables A to Z and θ.

B BACKUP Send all the data stored in the calculator memory.

226

Chapter 14: OPTION Menu

6. Select the item to send using { / } and pressing

E. A “✱” will be placed by the selected item.

7. Press @ E to send.

8. Transmission begins and a

busy message will appear on

the displays of the both

calculators.

• An data in the same memory locations in the receiver will be

automatically overwritten.

• Up to 10 files can be selected to send at once.

Example

If you wish to send the list L1, matrices mat A and mat B and

graph equation Y2 to the other calculator.

1. Prepare the receiving calculator by pressing @ p

D 2.

2. Press @ p D

1 on the sending

calculator.

The send menu will appear.

3. Press 0 1.

A list of all the data stored will be are displayed and the cursor

positioned on the top line.

•You can also select 02 List for “L1”, 03 Matrix for “mat A”

and “mat B”, and 04 Graph Eqn for “Y2”, for example, and

send the data category by category.

4. Move the cursor to L1 and

press E.

A “✱” mark will flash to the

left of “L1”, indicating that

the item has been selected

to be sent.

Press E again to deselect.

5. Select the other files you wish to send in the same manner.

6. Press @ E to start transmission.

227

Chapter 14: OPTION Menu

• The optional kit CE-LK2 (cable and Windows software) is

required for calculator to data communication with PC.

• Refer to the CE-LK2 operation manual for details.

• During communications between calculator and PC, no opera-

tion of the calculator is required. Just connect the cable and

press the power on key, and the entire operation can be

controlled from the PC.

5. Reset function

If a problem occurs after replacing batteries, or the calculator does not function

correctly, use the RESET option.

1. Press @ p E.

2. Press 1 to return the

calculator’s SETUP and

FORMAT settings to the

default value, or 2 to

delete all the stored data.

See “Resetting the Calculator” on page 29 for details.

Transmission

between the EL-

9900 and PC

228

Appendix

1. Replacing Batteries

The calculator uses two different kinds of batteries: manganese (AAA) for unit

operation, and lithium (CR2032) for memory backup.

Compatible battery types

Type (use) Model Quantity

Manganese battery AAA 4

(for unit operation)

Lithium battery CR2032 1

(for memory backup)

*To prevent loss of stored data, DO NOT remove both the unit operation and

memory backup batteries at the same time.

• Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could

result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water

and immediately consult a doctor.

• Should fluid from a leaking battery come into contact with your

skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water.

• If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage

to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a

safe place.

• Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product.

• Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix

different batteries types.

•Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• Do not allow batteries to become completely exhausted; doing

so may cause the batteries to leak, and may damage the

calculator’s hardware.

• Do not throw batteries into a fire or water, as this may cause

them to explode.

Precautions for

handling

batteries

229

Appendix

Once every 5 years, the lithium battery will need to be replaced.

The lithium battery is used to maintain the memory of the

calculator.

Note: Do not remove the lithium battery while the unit operation

batteries are removed; otherwise all the calculator’s stored

memory will be lost.

When battery power becomes

low, a message will show

indicating that a new set of

batteries are needed.

1. Turn off the calculator’s

power (@ o).

2. Turn over the calculator.

Locate the battery compart-

ment cover, and open the

cover as illustrated.

3. Replace all four AAA

batteries as illustrated.

4. Replace the battery com-

partment cover.

5. Press O.

The following message will

appear.

If the message does not

appear, repeat the proce-

dures from step 2.

6. Press O.

Do not press

C. This will clear all the data.

Replacing the

memory backup

battery

Procedures for

replacing unit

operation

batteries

230

Appendix

1. Perform procedures 1 and 2, as shown above. Do not remove

the unit operation batteries.

2. Remove the screw and the

lithium battery cover, as

shown.

3. Use a pen to lift the lithium

battery out of the battery

compartment.

4. Insert the new battery with

the PLUS (

+) side facing up.

5. Replace the lithium battery

cover and fasten the screw.

6. Replace the battery compartment cover and press O.

The following message will appear.

7. Press O.

Do not press

C. This

will clear all the data.

231

Appendix

2. Troubleshooting Guide

Refer to the list of possible symptoms, and solutions may be found here.

The calculator’s power won’t turn on!

• The operation batteries may not be installed, may be ex-

hausted, or may be inserted incorrectly. Check the operation

batteries in the battery compartment.

• Place the battery cover securely or the calculator will not turn

on.

The saved calculator configurations are not retained!

• Both the lithium battery and the operation batteries may need to

be replaced.

The power seems to be on, but the characters and numbers cannot be seen

clearly on the display!

• The screen contrast may need to be adjusted.

Press @ p, then press A to enter A CTRST; the

screen contrast can be adjusted by using the + or the

- key.

The calculator won’t take the minus (-) sign; calculation results in a syntax

error!

•To set a negative value, use the _ key instead of the -

key.

The calculation results are very different from what is usually expected!

• The angle unit and other configurations may be incorrectly set.

Check the configuration under the @ ;.

The graph cannot be seen!

• Check the zoom configuration. Try selecting the automatic zoom

tool, by pressing Z, then A 1.

• The graph line may be set differently; check the line configura-

tion under @ d menu.

• The calculator may not be set to display graphs. Check the “=”

232

Appendix

The screen images cannot be stored (SLIDE SHOW)

• The available memory may be too small to store the screen

image. Select “B MEMCHK” under @ p menu. Select

and delete unnecessary items under “C DEL”.

There appears to be no functions available for integral/differential calculations!

• Make sure that the Advanced mode is selected. The integral/

differential calculation tools can be found in the M menu.

• Access CATALOG menu by pressing @ j.

The calculator is not responding; the software appears to have crashed!

• Press O. If this does not work, then press @, then

O to tell the running application to quit.

If everything fails, then the calculator’s memory may need to be

reset. Resetting the calculator’s memory will clear all the stored

information, such as programs, lists, and variables.

To reset the unit’s memory, open and close the battery compart-

ment cover, and press O to open the verification window. To

prevent data loss, try O first. If it does not work, repeat the

reset operation and press C when prompted.

233

Appendix

3. Specifications

Model EL-9900

Product name Graphing Calculator

Display 132 x 64 dot matrix liquid crystal display

Number of digits: mantissa 10 digits, exponents 2 digits

(standard screen); 7 digit display (including negatives,

decimals) for table screen, split screen, etc.

Mantissa of 10 digits in the complex number mode

Display method: Numerical value, calculation equation input

(direct algebraic logic input / one-line input method), fraction,

and complex number display method specification.

Reversible keyboard Basic and Advanced

Note: Advanced mode specific functions are: financial function,

statistical test function and distribution function, solver

function, matrix function, and tools function, etc.

Calculation method D.A.L. (Direct Algebraic Logic)

Calculation features Manual calculation (arithmetic, parentheses calculation,

memory calculation, function calculation, integral calculation,

coordinate conversion), binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal

calculation, Boolean operation, matrix calculation, complex

number calculation, complex function calculation, statistic

calculation, regression calculation, statistic authorization

calculation, financial calculation, etc.

Input method Manual key entry

Graphic features Rectangular/polar/parametric/sequence coordinate graph

Graph range specification, graph window mode automatic

specification, graph plotting, trace, calculation function, zoom,

picture input, paint, graph database register split-screen, etc.

Statistic features 1-/2-variable statistical data input/calculation, register, edit

and frequency input, regression calculation function, and

estimated statistic/authorization function, etc.

Solver features Equation solver: numerical syntax analysis, Newton’s method,

graph analysis, and solver equation register.

234

Appendix

List features Direct data entry/edit to list, calculation function for various

lists, and list/matrix conversion.

Substitution features Graph drawing, numerical input from split-screen

Slide Show features Screen image capture, play function

The maximum number of pages to be captured:

Approx. 250 pages (pages equivalent to the Y = X

graph

screen)

Program features Condition statement command, subroutine, graph, various

function commands

Option menu Screen contrast adjustment, memory usage check, data

delete, data link (between EL-9900 and PC or another EL-

9900)

Memory size 64 KB (user area: approx. 47.4 KB)

Power supply Operation: 6 V DC...

—

AAA manganese battery (R03) × 4

Memory backup: 3 V DC...

—

Lithium battery (CR2032) × 1

Automatic power-off Approx. 10 minutes

Operating temperature range

0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)

Power consumption 0.23

Battery life Operation battery set: approx. 150

hours (with 5 minutes of

continual use and 55 minutes in the display state for every

hour at a temperature of approx. 20 °C/68 °F)

Memory backup: approx. 5 years (at a temperature of approx.

20 °C/68 °F, and when the operation batteries are replaced

frequently)

Note: The life span may differ according to battery brand, type,

usage, and ambient temperature.

External dimensions 86 mm (W)

× 183 mm (D) × 23 mm (H)

3-3/8” (W) × 7-7/32” (D) × 29/32” (H)

Weight 240 g ( 0.53 lb) (with batteries, without the hard cover)

Accessories 4 AAA manganese batteries (included), 1 lithium battery

(installed), operation manual

235

Appendix

4. Error Codes and Error Messages

Error

Code

DescriptionError Message

Syntax Syntax error found in equation/program

Calculate Calculation-related error found (division by 0, calculation

beyond range, etc.)

Nesting Cannot nest more than 14 numerical values, or 32

functions during execution.

Invalid Matrix definition error or entering an invalid value.

Dimension Matrix dimension, or STAT list dimension, inconsistent.

Invalid DIM Size of list/matrix exceeds calculation range.

Argument Inconsistency found in argument of the structured

function.

Data Type Invalid data type used in calculation.

No Sign Change Financial calculation error found.

No define Undefined list/matrix used in calculation.

Domain Argument definition outside of domain.

Increment Increment error found.

Irr Calc More than two inflection points for Irr calculation.

Stat Med Med-Med law (statistic) error found.

No Argument Argument missing.

Not pair ∫ dx ∫ and dx are not used in a pair.

Not pair [ ] Brackets are not used in a pair.

Not pair ( ) Parentheses are not used in a pair.

Not pair { } Braces are not used in a pair.

Line over Line is over the capacity.

Not delete Unable to delete a selected item.

Buffer over Input/equation exceeds buffer capability.

Editor type Invalid editor type found.*

Continue = “ = ” exists in equation that has been recalled (RCL).

No data Data does not exist.

Graph Type Graph type setting incorrect.

Too many var. Too many variables assigned in the SOLVER.

No variable No variable specified in the SOLVER.

No solution No solution found.

No title No title entered.

236

Appendix

Too many obj More than 30 objects selected.

Lbl duplicate Labels with identical name found in program.

Lbl undefined Goto/Gosub encountered with no defined label.

Lbl over More than 50 labels found in program.

Gosub stack Nesting of more than 10 subroutines found.

Line too long Line contains more than 160 characters.

Can’t return Return used without jumping from subroutine.

Storage full Cannot create more than 99 files.

Coord type Invalid coordinate system for command.

Without For For is missing corresponding to the Next command.

Without WEnd WEnd is missing corresponding to the While command.

Without While While is missing corresponding to the WEnd command.

Without Then Then is missing corresponding to the If command.

Without EndIf EndIf is missing corresponding to the If command.

Without If If is missing corresponding to the EndIf command.

I/O device Communication error found among devices.

Wrong Mode Wrong communication mode set.

Memory over Memory is full; cannot store data as requested.

System error System error found; user memory space is insecure.

Low battery Operation interrupted due to low battery power.

BREAK!! Operation break specified.

Error

Code

DescriptionError Message

* The following operations may cause Editor type error. Correct the Editor type to

continue.

• Recall the SOLVER equations (EQTN) or Graph data (G_DATA) stored in a

different EDITOR mode than currently in use.

• Receive the Graph equation (Y1 and others) entered in a different EDITOR mode

than currently in use.

237

Appendix

5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks

1. Financial

* Define constants “r” and “s” as used in the equation below.

r =

S = 1 (Pmt_Begin)

S = 0 (Pmt_End)

(

{}

)

÷ C/Y + 1 – 1 ,

I (%)

100

C/Y

P/Y

1. I% calculation

1 If PMT = 0

r = – 1-

()

2 If PMT ≠ 0

f (r) = PV + (1 + r × s) × PMT ×

–

+ FV (1 + r)

: (r ≠ 0)

f (r) = PV + PMT × n + FV: (r = 0)

calculate the following for r solved in 1 and 2

I (%) = 100

× C/Y × ((r + 1)

P/Y

C/Y

–1)

2. PV calculation

1 If r ≠ 0, r >

-1

PV = - (1 + r × s) ×

–

× PMT – FV × (1 + r)

2 If r = 0

PV = -n × PMT – FV

3 If r ≤ -1

Error

238

Appendix

3. FV calculation

1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1

–

PMT

FV =

–

2 If r = 0

FV = -n × PMT – PV

3 If r ≤ -1

Error

4. PMT calculation

1 If r ≠ 0, r >

-1

–

PMT =

–

2 If r = 0

PMT = –

PV + FV

3 If r ≤ -1

Error

5. N calculation

1 If r ≠ 0, r >

-1

log (1

log

N =

–

PMT

–

PMTPV

{}

2 If r = 0

N = –

FV + PV

PMT

3 If r ≤ -1

Error

239

Appendix

Calculation result→Xreg

µ: Mean

σ: Standard

deviation

However: Γ(s) = ∫

∞

s–1

-x

2. Error conditions during financial calculations

•r ≤ -1

•N = 0 in PMT calculations

• I% = 0 and PMT = 0, or I% ≠ 0 and FV = (1/r) (1 + r × s) × PMT, in N calculations.

s = 1 (Pmt_Begin)

s = 0 (Pmt_End)

In I% calculations

If PMT > 0:

Pmt_End mode: PV ≥ 0 and FV

+ PMT ≥ 0

PV < 0 and FV + PMT < 0

Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT ≥ 0 and FV ≥ 0

PV + PMT < 0 and FV < 0

If PMT < 0:

Pmt_End mode: PV > 0 and FV

+ PMT > 0

PV ≤ 0 and FV + PMT ≤ 0

Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT > 0 and FV > 0

PV + PMT ≤ 0 and FV ≤ 0

If PMT = 0: PV

÷ FV ≥ 0

•FV, N

× PMT, PV ≥ 0 or FV, N × PMT, PV ≤ 0

• Irr calculation: all cash flows have the same sign.

3. Distribution function

1 pdfnorm(

f (x) = exp (– )

(x – µ)

2σ

2πσ

2 pdfT(

f (x) =

πdf

df + 1

Γ ( )

Γ ( ) (1

+ )

240

Appendix

3 pdfχ

(

f (χ

, df) =

2Γ ( )

– 1

(- )

( )

4 pdfF(

f (x) = ( )

Γ ( )

)

–

5 pdfbin(

P (x = 0) = (1 – p)

P (x = c

1) =

P (x = c)

–

c) p

1)(1

–

(c = 0, 1, ..., n – 1)

6 pdfpoi(

f (x) =

(x = 0, 1, 2, ...)

7 pdfgeo(

f (x) = p (1 – p)

df: Degree of freedom

m: Degree of freedom of

numerator

n: Degree of freedom of

denominator

n: Trial number (integers

greater than 0)

p: Success probability

(0 ≤ p ≤ 1)

c: Success number

x: First successful trial number

However: Γ(s) = ∫

∞

–

However: Γ(s) = ∫

∞

s–1

-x

241

Appendix

6. Calculation Range

1. Arithmetic calculation

The results for dividend, multiplicand and operand are:

-1 × 10

100

< x ≤ -1 × 10

, 1 × 10

< x ≤ 1 × 10

100

or x = 0

(valid within the range of display capability)

Note: Calculation results and input values less than 1 × 10

are

considered equal to 0.

2. Function calculation

Calculation accuracy

In principle, calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit. (In case of exponential

display, the calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit of the mantissa display.)

However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to

accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for a

, n!, e

, In, etc.

where continuous calculations are performed internally.)

Additionally, a calculation error will accumulate and become larger in the

vicinity of inflection points and singular points of functions. (for example,

calculating sinh X or tanh X at X = 0)

Function Calculation range Notes

sin x

cos x

tan x

sin

cos

tan

sinh x

cosh x

tanh x

sinh

cosh

tanh

DEG : |x| < 1 × 10

RAD : |x| <

180

× 10

GRAD : |x| <

× 10

However, the following are excluded for tan x

DEG : |x| = 90 (2n – 1)

RAD : |x| =

(2n – 1)

GRAD : |x| = 100 (2n – 1)

-1 ≤ x ≤ 1

|x| < 1 × 10

100

-230.2585093 ≤ x ≤ 230.2585092

|x| < 1 × 10

1 ≤ x ≤ 1 × 10

|x| < 1

“n” is an integer

242

Appendix

ln x

log x

(^)

nPr

nCr

dec

bin

oct

hex

Function Calculation range Notes

ln x = log

2.71828...

x ≠ 0

n is an integer or

integer

+ 0.5

= 10

b·log a

= 10

log b

n and r are positive

integers

x is an integer

× 10

≤ x < 1 × 10

100

-1 × 10

100

< x ≤ 230.2585092

-1 × 10

100

< x < 100

|x| < 1 × 10

100

|x| < 1 × 10

0 ≤ x < 1 × 10

100

-0.5 ≤ n ≤ 69.5

When a > 0:

-1 × 10

100

< b log a < 100

When a = 0:

0 < b < 1 × 10

100

When a < 0:

b is an integer, or

is an odd number (b ≠ 0)

However, -1 × 10

100

< b log |a| < 100

When b > 0:

-1 × 10

100

log b < 100, a ≠ 0

When b = 0:

0 < a < 1 × 10

100

When b < 0:

a is an odd number, or

is an integer (a ≠ 0)

However,

-1 × 10

100

log |b| < 100

0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 69

Decimal: |x| ≤ 9999999999

Binary: 1000000000000000 ≤ x

≤ 1111111111111111

0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111

Octal: 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777

0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777

Hexadecimal: FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FF

243

Appendix

Function Calculation range Notes

→dms

→deg

xy → r

xy → θ

rθ → x

rθ → y

not

neg

Statistic

calcula-

tions

r =

θ = tan

x = r cosθ

y = r sinθ

The range of θ is

the same as x of

sin x and cos x

Other Boolean

operations are the

same as not and

neg

|x| < 1

× 10

100

|x| < 1 × 10

100

, |y| < 1 × 10

100

< 1 × 10

100

| < 1 × 10

100

|r| < 1 × 10

100

Binary: 1000000000000000 ≤ x

≤ 1111111111111111

0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111

Octal: 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777

0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777

Hexadecimal: FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FE

Binary: 1000000000000001 ≤ x

≤ 1111111111111111

0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111

Octal: 4000000001 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777

0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777

Hexadecimal: FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FF

|x| < 1

× 10

|y| < 1 × 10

|Σx| < 1 × 10

100

Σx

< 1 × 10

100

|Σy| < 1 × 10

100

Σy

< 1 × 10

100

|Σxy| < 1 × 10

100

|n| < 1 × 10

100

244

Appendix

Function Calculation range Notes

σx

y’

x’

Same for y

, sy and

σy

Regression calcula-

tions excluding 2nd,

3rd, and 4th degree

polynomials.

Same as above.

Same as b for other.

n ≠ 0

n > 1

|Σx| < 1

× 10

0 ≤

(Σx)

Σx

–

< 1 × 10

100

n > 0

|Σx| < 1 × 10

0 ≤

(Σx)

Σx

–

< 1 × 10

100

n > 0

|Σx| < 1 × 10

|Σy| < 1 × 10

0 < (Σx

–

(Σx)

) (Σy

–

(Σy)

) <1 × 10

100

|Σxy –

ΣxΣy

| < 1 × 10

100

< 1 × 10

100

n > 0

|Σx| < 1

× 10

|(Σx) (Σy)| < 1 × 10

100

0 < |Σx

–

(Σx)

| < 1 × 10

100

|Σxy –

ΣxΣy

| < 1 × 10

100

< 1 × 10

100

|bx

| < 1 × 10

100

– bx

| < 1 × 10

100

|bx| < 1 × 10

100

|a + bx| < 1 × 10

100

|y – a| < 1 × 10

100

y – a

| < 1 × 10

100

245

Appendix

3. Complex number calculation

In a complex number calculation, a calculation error may occur and increase due to

inner continuous calculations.

Function Calculation range Notes

int÷

remain

→ a b/c

→ b/c

List

Matrix

This is the same

when the result of a

list function speci-

fies 1000 or more

elements.

0 ≤ x < 10

|x| < 10

100

|x| < 10

Error is returned when the number of elements

exceeds 1000.

Error is returned when specifying columns or rows

that exceed 100.

Function Calculation range Notes

x + yi

(x + yi)

In (x + yi)

log (x + yi)

yi)

(x + yi)

bi)

x + yi ≠ 0

|x| < 10

|y| < 10

|x| < 10

|y| < 10

|xy| < 5 × 10

|x| < 10

|y| < 10

| < 10

100

|x| < 230

|y| < 230

|x| < 100

|y| < 100

|x| < 10

|y| < 10

|a| < 10

100

|b| < 10

100

A number with 10 or

less decimal places,

or the 10

-th or

above decimal

places are 0.

246

Appendix

7. CATALOG Feature

Press @ j to display the CATALOG menu.

You can directly access various features and commands from the CATALOG menu.

CATALOG menu lists are different between the Basic mode and the Advanced mode.

For example, in Program edit mode of the Advanced mode, you can access the

program commands from the CATALOG menu.

Please note that you can enter the eular number “

e” only from the CATALOG menu.

The Basic mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG menu

are:

and, ANOVA(, cos

–1

, cosh, cosh

–1

, cot, cot

–1

, csc, csc

–1

, cumul, d/dx(, dx, e, e

fmax(, fmin(, Inflec, ln, log2, not, or, prod(, Rg_a+bx, Rg_ae

, Rg_ax

, Rg_ln,

Rg_log, Rg_logistic, Rg_sin, Rg_x

, Rg_x

, sec, sec

–1

, sin

–1

, sinh, sinh

–1

, tan

–1

tanh, tanh

–1

, xnor, xor, [, ], :, =, , >, , <, , 2

, Σ(, ∫.

The Advanced mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG

menu are:

→a b/c, →A.xxx, →b/c, e, int÷, remain, rndCoin, rndDice, Simp, %.

The CATALOG commands and the equivalent keys:

CATAROG command Equivalent key

^ a

C M C nCr

P M C nPr

247

Appendix

8. List of Menu/Sub-menu Items

CATALOG function lets you access almost all the functions and commands.

Square brackets indicate that the value or variable is optional.

1. MATH menus

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

CALC

log

value

A 0 1

value

A 0 2

fmin( fmin(

equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x

)

A 0 3

fmax( fmax(

equation, lower limit of x, upper limit of x

)

A 0 4

d/dx( d/dx(

equation, value of x [, tolerance]

)

A 0 5

∫∫

equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance]

A 0 6

∫

equation, lower limit, upper limit [, tolerance]

A 0 7

∑

(

∑

(

expression, initial value, end value [, increment]

)

A 0 8

sec sec

value

A 0 9

csc csc

value

A 1 0

cot cot

value

A 1 1

sec

–1

sec

–1

value

A 1 2

csc

–1

csc

–1

value

A 1 3

cot

–1

cot

–1

value

A 1 4

sinh sinh

value

A 1 5

cosh cosh

value

A 1 6

tanh tanh

value

A 1 7

sinh

–1

sinh

–1

value

A 1 8

cosh

–1

cosh

–1

value

A 1 9

tanh

–1

tanh

–1

value

A 2 0

sin sin

value

A 1

cos cos

value

A 2

tan tan

value

A 3

log log

value

A 4

value

A 5

248

Appendix

NUM

abs( abs(

value

)

B 1 B 1

73/43

round( round(

value [, digit number of decimals]

)

B 2 B 2

73/44

ipart ipart

value

B 3 B 3

73/44

fpart fpart

value

B 4 B 4

73/44

int int

value

B 5 B 5

73/44

min( min(

value A, value B

) or min(

list

)

B 6 B 6

73/45

max( max(

value A, value B

) or max(

list

)

B 7 B 7

73/45

lcm( lcm(

natural number, natural number

)

B 8 B 8

73/45

gcd( gcd(

natural number, natural number

)

B 9 B 9

73/45

remain

natural number

remain

natural number

B 0

PROB

random random

[(number of trial)]

C 1 C 1

74/46

rndInt(

minimum value, maximum value [, number of

trial]

)

C 2 C 2

74/46

rndCoin rndCoin

[(number of trial)]

C 3

rndDice rndDice

[(number of trial)]

C 4

nPr

value A

nPr

value B

C 3 C 5

74/47

nCr

value A

nCr

value B

C 4 C 6

74/48

value

C 5 C 7

74/48

CONV

→deg

value

→deg

D 1 D 1

74/48

→dms

value

→dms

D 2 D 2

74/49

xy→r( xy→r(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

D 3

xy→

(xy→

(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

D 4

→x( r

→x(

r-coordinate,

-coordinate

)

D 5

→y( r

→y(

r-coordinate,

-coordinate

)

D 6

ANGLE

value

° [

value

’

value

E 1 E 1

76/49

’

value

’ [

value

E 2 E 2

76/49

value

’

value

Print "

character strings

["]

E 3 E 3

76/49

value

E 4 E 4

76/49

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

249

Appendix

2. LIST menus

value

E 5

INEQ

value A

value B

F 1

≠

value A

≠

value B

F 2

value A

value B

F 3

≥

value A

≥

value B

F 4

value A

value B

F 5

≤

value A

≤

value B

F 6

LOGIC

and

value A

and

value B

G 1

value A

value B

G 2

not not

value

G 3

xor

value A

xor

value B

G 4

xnor

value A

xnor

value B

G 5

COMPLEX

conj( conj(

complex number

)

H 1

real( real(

complex number

)

H 2

image( image(

complex number

)

H 3

abs( abs(

complex number

)

H 4

arg( arg(

complex number

)

H 5

(in the N-base calculation mode) LOGIC

and

value A

and

value B

A 1

value A

value B

A 2

not not

value

A 3

neg neg

value

A 4

xor

value A

xor

value B

A 5

xnor

value A

xnor

value B

A 6

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

OPE/NAME

L1 No arguments

A 1

132

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

250

Appendix

L2 No arguments

A 2

132

L3 No arguments

A 3

132

L4 No arguments

A 4

132

L5 No arguments

A 5

132

L6 No arguments

A 6

132

sortA(

list name [, subordinate list name1, ... ,

subordinate list name n]

)

A 1 B 1

135

sortD(

list name [, subordinate list name1,

...

subordinate list name n]

)

A 2 B 2

135

dim( dim(

list

)

A 3 B 3

136

ﬁll( ﬁll(

value, list

)

A 4 B 4

136

seq( seq(

equation, start value, end value [, increment]

)

A 5 B 5

137

cumul cumul

list

A 6

137

df_list df_list

list

A 7 B 6

137

augment( augment(

list 1, list 2

)

A 8 B 7

138

list

→

mat( list

→

mat(

list 1, ... , list n, matrix name

)

A 9

138

mat

→

list(

mat

→

list(

matrix name, list name1, ... , list name n

)

mat

→

list(

matrix name, column number, list name

)

A 0

138

MATH

min(

value A, value B

) or

min(

list

)

B 1 C 1

139

max(

value A, value B

) or

max(

list

)

B 2 C 2

139

mean( mean(

list [, frequency list]

)

B 3 C 3

139

median( median(

list [, frequency list]

)

B 4 C 4

140

sum( sum(

list [, start number, end number]

)

B 5 C 5

140

prod( prod(

list [, start number, end number]

)

B 6

140

stdDv( stdDv(

list [, frequency list]

)

B 7 C 6

141

varian( varian(

list [, frequency list]

)

B 8 C 7

141

L_DATA

StoLD StoLD

natural number

C 1 D 1

142

RclLD RclLD

natural number

C 2 D 2

143

* “list” in the above table means a list or a list name.

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

251

Appendix

3. STAT menus

{ }

{ No arguments

E 1

132

} No arguments

E 2

132

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

EDIT/OPE

EDIT No arguments

A E A E

149

sortA(

list [, subordinate list 1, ... , subordinate list n]

)

B 1 B 1

159

sortD(

list [, subordinate list 1, ... , subordinate list n]

)

B 2 B 2

159

SetList SetList

[list name 1, list name 2, list name 3, ... ]

B 3 B 3

159

ClrList ClrList

list name1 [, list name 2, ... ]

B 4 B 4

159

CALC

1_Stats 1_Stats

[x list name [, frequency list]]

C 1 C 1

150

2_Stats 2_Stats

[x list name, y list name [, frequency list]]

C 2 C 2

150

ANOVA( ANOVA(

list name 1, list name 2 [, ... ]

)

C 3

152

REG

Med_Med

Med_Med (

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 1 D 1

160

Rg_ax+b

Rg_ax+b (

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 2 D 2

160

Rg_a+bx

Rg_a+bx (

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 3

160

Rg_x

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 4 D 3

160

Rg_x

(list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 5

160

Rg_x

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 6

161

Rg_ln

(list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 7

161

Rg_log

Rg_log (

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 8

161

* “list” in the above table means a list or a list name.

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

252

Appendix

Rg_ab

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 0 9 D 4

161

Rg_ae

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 1 0

161

Rg_x

-1

Rg_x

-1

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 1 1 D 5

162

Rg_ax

(

list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 1 2

162

Rg_logistic

(list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, equation name to store]

)

D 1 3

162

Rg_sin

Rg_sin (

[iterations,] list name for x, list name for y

[, frequency list

] [

, period

] [

, equation name to

store]

)

D 1 4

162

value or list

D 1 5 D 6

163

value or list

D 1 6 D 7

163

TEST

test No arguments

E 0 1

166

Ftest2samp No arguments

E 0 2

167

Ttest1samp No arguments

E 0 3

167

Ttest2samp No arguments

E 0 4

168

TtestLinreg No arguments

E 0 5

169

Tint1samp No arguments

E 0 6

170

Tint2samp No arguments

E 0 7

170

Ztest1samp No arguments

E 0 8

171

Ztest2samp No arguments

E 0 9

172

Ztest1prop No arguments

E 1 0

173

Ztest2prop No arguments

E 1 1

173

Zint1samp No arguments

E 1 2

174

Zint2samp No arguments

E 1 3

175

Zint1prop No arguments

E 1 4

175

Zint2prop No arguments

E 1 5

176

InputList No arguments

E 1 6

166

InputStats No arguments

E 1 7

166

DISTRI

pdfnorm( pdfnorm(

value [, mean, standard deviation]

)

F 0 1

177

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

253

Appendix

4. STAT PLOT menus

cdfnorm(

lower limit, upper limit [,mean, standard

deviation]

)

F 0 2

177

InvNorm( InvNorm(

probability [, mean, standard deviation]

)

F 0 3

178

pdfT( pdfT(

value, degree of freedom

)

F 0 4

178

cdfT( cdfT(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom

)

F 0 5

179

pdfχ

( pdfχ

(

value, degree of freedom

)

F 0 6

179

cdfχ

( cdfχ

(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom

)

F 0 7

179

pdfF(

value, degree of freedom of numerator,

degree of freedom of denominator

)

F 0 8

180

cdfF(

lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom of

numerator, degree of freedom of denominator

)

F 0 9

180

pdfbin(

number of trial, success probability

[, success numbers]

)

F 1 0

181

cdfbin(

number of trial, success probability

[, success numbers]

)

F 1 1

181

pdfpoi( pdfpoi(

mean, value

)

F 1 2

181

cdfpoi( cdfpoi(

mean, value

)

F 1 3

182

pdfgeo( pdfgeo(

success probability, value

)

F 1 4

182

cdfgeo( cdfgeo(

success probability, value

)

F 1 5

182

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

[[

PLOT1/PLOT2/PLOT3/LIMIT/ON/OFF

PLOT1 No arguments

A E A E

157

PLOT2 No arguments

B E B E

157

PLOT3 No arguments

C E C E

157

SET No arguments

D 1 D 1

157

LimON No arguments

D 2 D 2

157

LimOFF No arguments

D 3 D 3

157

PlotON PlotON [number]

E 1 E 1

158

PlotOFF PlotOFF [number]

E 2 E 2

158

[[

(in STAT PLOT mode) HIST/B.L./N.P./N.D./BOX/PIE/S.D./XYLINE

Hist No arguments

A 1 A 1

153

Broken • No arguments

B 1 B 1

154

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

254

Appendix

5. DRAW menus

Broken + No arguments

B 2 B 2

154

Broken No arguments

B 3 B 3

154

Norm •_X No arguments

C 1 C 1

154

Norm+_X No arguments

C 2 C 2

154

Norm _X No arguments

C 3 C 3

154

Norm •_Y No arguments

C 4 C 4

154

Norm+_Y No arguments

C 5 C 5

154

Norm _Y No arguments

C 6 C 6

154

NormDis No arguments

D 1 D 1

154

Box No arguments

E 1 E 1

155

MBox • No arguments

E 2 E 2

155

MBox+ No arguments

E 3 E 3

155

MBox No arguments

E 4 E 4

155

Pie No arguments

F 1 F 1

156

Pie% No arguments

F 2 F 2

156

Scattr • No arguments

G 1 G 1

156

Scattr+ No arguments

G 2 G 2

156

Scattr No arguments

G 3 G 3

156

xyLine• No arguments

H 1 H 1

156

xyLine+ No arguments

H 2 H 2

156

xyLine No arguments

H 3 H 3

156

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

DRAW

ClrDraw No arguments

A 1 A 1

102

Line(

x-coordinate of start point, y-coordinate of

start point, x-coordinate of end point,

y-coordinate of end point [,0]

)

A 2 A 2

103

H_line H_line

y-value

A 3 A 3

105

V_line V_line

x-value

A 4 A 4

105

T_line( T_line(

equation, x-value

)

A 5 A 5

106

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

255

Appendix

6. ZOOM menus

Draw Draw

equation

A 6 A 6

107

Shade( Shade(

equation 1, equation 2 [, begin, end]

)

A 7 A 7

107

DrawInvDrawInv

equation

A 8 A 8

108

Circle(

x-coordinate of center, y-coordinate of cen-

ter, radius

)

A 9 A 9

108

Tex t( Text(

column, row,

character strings

A 0 A 0

109

POINT

PntON( PntON(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate)

B 1 B 1

110

PntOFF( PntOFF(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate)

B 2 B 2

110

PntCHG( PntCHG(

x-coordinate, y-coordinate

)

B 3 B 3

110

PxlON( PxlON(

column, row

)

B 4 B 4

110

PxlOFF( PxlOFF(

column, row

)

B 5 B 5

110

PxlCHG( PxlCHG(

column, row

)

B 6 B 6

110

PxlTST( PxlTST(

column, row

)

B 7 B 7

111

ON/OFF/LINE/G_DATA/PICT/SHADE

DrawON

DrawON [

equation number 1, equation number 2,

…]

C 1 C 1

111

DrawOFF

DrawOFF [

equation number 1, equation number 2,

…]

C 2 C 2

111

LINE No arguments

D E D E

112

StoGD StoGD

number

E 1 E 1

112

RclGD RclGD

number

E 2 E 2

112

StoPict StoPict

number

F 1 F 1

113

RclPict RclPict

number

F 2 F 2

113

SET No arguments

G 1 G 1

114

INITIAL No arguments

G 2 G 2

114

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

ZOOM

Auto

Zm_Auto

No arguments

A 1 A 1

Box

Zm_Box

No arguments

A 2 A 2

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

256

Appendix

Zm_In

No arguments

A 3 A 3

Out

Zm_Out

No arguments

A 4 A 4

Default

Zm_Default

No arguments

A 5 A 5

Square

Zm_Square

No arguments

A 6 A 6

Dec

Zm_Dec

No arguments

A 7 A 7

Int

Zm_Int

No arguments

A 8 A 8

Stat

Zm_Stat

No arguments

A 9 A 9

FACTOR/POWER

FACTOR No arguments

B E B E

Zm_x

No arguments

C 1 C 1

-1

Zm_x

-1

No arguments

C 2 C 2

Zm_

No arguments

C 3 C 3

EXP

Zm_10

No arguments

D 1 D 1

Zm_e

No arguments

D 2

log x

Zm_log

No arguments

D 3 D 2

ln x

Zm_ln

No arguments

D 4

TRIG

sin x

Zm_sin

No arguments

E 1 E 1

cos x

Zm_cos

No arguments

E 2 E 2

tan x

Zm_tan

No arguments

E 3 E 3

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

257

Appendix

7. CALC menus

sin

-1

Zm_sin

-1

No arguments

E 4

cos

-1

Zm_cos

-1

No arguments

E 5

tan

-1

Zm_tan

-1

No arguments

E 6

HYP/STO/RCL

sinh x

Zm_sinh

No arguments

F 1

cosh x

Zm_cosh

No arguments

F 2

tanh x

Zm_tanh

No arguments

F 3

sinh

-1

Zm_sinh

-1

No arguments

F 4

cosh

-1

Zm_cosh

-1

No arguments

F 5

tanh

-1

Zm_tanh

-1

No arguments

F 6

StoWin No arguments

G 1 F 1

RclWin No arguments

H 1 G 1

PreWin No arguments

H 2 G 2

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

CALC

Value Value

A 1 A 1

Intsct No arguments

A 2 A 2

Minimum No arguments

A 3 A 3

Maximum No arguments

A 4 A 4

X_Incpt No arguments

A 5 A 5

Y_Incpt No arguments

A 6 A 6

Inﬂec No arguments

A 7

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

258

Appendix

8. SLIDE SHOW menus

9. PRGM menus

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

]]

CURR/PLAY/NEW/SELECT/EDIT

CURR No arguments

A E A E

118

PLAY No arguments

118

NEW No arguments

C E C E

118

SELECT No arguments

118

MOVE No arguments

E 1 E 1

118

DEL No arguments

E 2 E 2

119

RENAME No arguments

E 3 E 3

119

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

EXEC No arguments

202

EDIT No arguments

202

NEW No arguments

C E

202

(in the Prgramming mode) PRGM

variable

Print "

character strings

["]

A 1

207

characters

["]

A 2

207

Input Input

["prompt strings", ] variable

A 3

207

Wait Wait [

natural number

]

A 4

208

Rem Rem

comments

A 5

208

End No arguments

A 6

208

Key Key

variable

A 7

208

(in the Prgramming mode) BRNCH

Label Label

label name

B 0 1

214

Goto Goto

label name

B 0 2

214

If If

conditional statements

Then

commands

[Else

commands

]

EndIf

B 0 3

214

Then

B 0 4

214

Else

B 0 5

214

EndIf

B 0 6

214

259

Appendix

For For

variable, start value, end value [, increment]

commands

B 0 7

215

B 0 8

215

While While

conditional statements

commands

WEnd

B 0 9

215

WEnd

B 1 0

215

Gosub Gosub

label name

B 1 1

216

Return No arguments

B 1 2

216

(in the Prgramming mode) SCRN

ClrT No arguments

C 1

209

ClrG No arguments

C 2

209

DispT No arguments

C 3

209

DispG No arguments

C 4

209

(in the Prgramming mode) I/O

Get Get

variable

D 1

209

Send Send

variable

D 2

209

(in the Prgramming mode) SETUP

Rect No arguments

E 0 1

210

Param No arguments

E 0 2

210

Polar No arguments

E 0 3

210

Web No arguments

E 0 4

210

Time No arguments

E 0 5

210

uv No arguments

E 0 6

210

uw No arguments

E 0 7

210

vw No arguments

E 0 8

210

Deg No arguments

E 0 9

210

Rad No arguments

E 1 0

210

Grad No arguments

E 1 1

210

FloatPt No arguments

E 1 2

211

Fix No arguments

E 1 3

211

Sci No arguments

E 1 4

211

Eng No arguments

E 1 5

211

Tab Tab

integer

E 1 6

211

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

260

Appendix

Decimal No arguments

E 1 7

211

Mixed No arguments

E 1 8

211

Improp No arguments

E 1 9

211

x ± yi No arguments

E 2 0

211

r ∠ θ No arguments

E 2 1

211

(in the Prgramming mode) FORMAT

RectCursor No arguments

F 0 1

211

PolarCursor No arguments

F 0 2

211

ExprON No arguments

F 0 3

211

ExprOFF No arguments

F 0 4

211

Y'ON No arguments

F 0 5

211

Y'OFF No arguments

F 0 6

211

AxisON No arguments

F 0 7

212

AxisOFF No arguments

F 0 8

212

GridON No arguments

F 0 9

212

GridOFF No arguments

F 1 0

212

Connect No arguments

F 1 1

212

Dot No arguments

F 1 2

212

Sequen No arguments

F 1 3

212

Simul No arguments

F 1 4

212

(in the Prgramming mode) S_PLOT

Plt1(

graph type, X list name [, Y list name,

frequency list]

)

G 1

213

Plt2(

graph type, X list name [, Y list name,

frequency list]

)

G 2

213

Plt3(

graph type, X list name [, Y list name,

frequency list]

)

G 3

213

PlotON PlotON [

number

]

G 4

213

PlotOFF PlotOFF [

number

]

G 5

213

LimON No arguments

G 6

213

LimOFF No arguments

G 7

213

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

261

Appendix

10. MATRIX menus

(in the Prgramming mode) COPY

StoLine No arguments

H 1

216

RclLine No arguments

H 2

217

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

NAME

mat A No arguments

A 1

130

mat B No arguments

A 2

130

mat C No arguments

A 3

130

mat D No arguments

A 4

130

mat E No arguments

A 5

130

mat F No arguments

A 6

130

mat G No arguments

A 7

130

mat H No arguments

A 8

130

mat I No arguments

A 9

130

mat J No arguments

A 0

130

EDIT

mat A No arguments

B 1

122

mat B No arguments

B 2

122

mat C No arguments

B 3

122

mat D No arguments

B 4

122

mat E No arguments

B 5

122

mat F No arguments

B 6

122

mat G No arguments

B 7

122

mat H No arguments

B 8

122

mat I No arguments

B 9

122

mat J No arguments

B 0

122

OPE

dim( dim(

matrix name

)

C 0 1

125

ﬁll( ﬁll(

value, matrix name

)

C 0 2

125

cumul cumul

matrix name

C 0 3

126

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

262

Appendix

11. FINANCE menus

augment( augment(

matrix name A, matrix name B

)

C 0 4

126

identity identity

dimension value

C 0 5

126

rnd_mat( rnd_mat(

number of row, number of column

)

C 0 6

126

row_swap( row_swap(

matrix name, row number, row number

)

C 0 7

127

row_plus( row_plus(

matrix name, row number, row number

)

C 0 8

127

row_mult(

multiplied number, matrix name, row

number

)

C 0 9

127

row_m.p.(

multiplied number, matrix name, row

number, row number

)

C 1 0

127

mat→list(

matrix name, list name 1, …, list name n

)

mat→list(

matrix name, column number, list name

)

C 1 1

128

list→mat( list→mat(

list 1, …, list n, matrix name

)

C 1 2

128

MATH/[ ]

det det

matrix name

D 1

129

trans trans

matrix name

D 2

129

rowEF rowEF

matrix name

D 3

129

rrowEF rrowEF

matrix name

D 4

129

[ No arguments

E 1

130

] No arguments

E 2

130

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

SOLVER/CALC

SOLVER (TVM SOLVER screen appears)

A E

185

slv_pmt slv_pmt

[(N, I%, PV, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]

B 0 1

189

slv_I% slv_I%

[(N, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]

B 0 2

189

slv_PV slv_PV

[(N, I%, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]

B 0 3

189

slv_N slv_N

[(I%, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)]

B 0 4

189

slv_FV slv_FV

[(N, I%, PV, PMT, P/Y, C/Y)]

B 0 5

189

Npv(

interest rate, initial investment, list of following

collected investment [, frequency list]

)

B 0 6

190

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

263

Appendix

12. TOOL menus

Irr(

initial investment, list of following collected

investment [, frequency list] [, assumed revenue

rate]

)

B 0 7

190

Bal(

number of payments [, decimal place to

round]

)

B 0 8

191

∑Prn(

initial number of payments, end number of

payments [, decimal place to round]

)

B 0 9

191

∑Int(

initial number of payments, end number of

payments [, decimal place to round]

)

B 1 0

191

→Apr(

effective interest rate, number of

settlements

)

B 1 1

192

→Eff(

nominal interest rate, number of

settlements

)

B 1 2

192

days(

start month. day year, end month. day year

)

days(

day month. year, day month. year

)

B 1 3

192

PERIOD

PmtEnd No arguments

C 1

188

PmtBegin No arguments

C 2

188

VARS

N No arguments

D 1

193

I% No arguments

D 2

193

PV No arguments

D 3

193

PMT No arguments

D 4

193

FV No arguments

D 5

193

P/Y No arguments

D 6

193

C/Y No arguments

D 7

193

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

N BASE/SYSTEM/POLY

NBASE No arguments

A E

2 No arguments

B 2

3 No arguments

B 3

4 No arguments

B 4

5 No arguments

B 5

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

264

Appendix

13. SOLVER menus

6 No arguments

B 6

2 No arguments

C 2

3 No arguments

C 3

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

(in the Solver mode) METHOD/EQTN/SAVE/RENAME

Equation No arguments

A 1

194

Newton No arguments

A 2

196

Graphic No arguments

A 3

198

EQTN No arguments

201

SAVE No arguments

C E

200

RENAME No arguments

200

Functions

Commands

Syntax

Keystrokes

Page

Advanced mode Basic mode

265

Appendix

INDEX

: (colon) ......................................................... 134, 214

(n-1)-based (Web), sequence ................................ 90

“, PRGM ................................................................ 207

1_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150

2nd Function key .................................................... 18

2ndF key ......................................................... 5, 8, 18

, CALC ................................................................. 71

2_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150

........................................................................... 43

test, TEST ........................................................ 166

∑Int(, CALC .......................................................... 191

∑Prn(, CALC ........................................................ 191

→Apr(, CALC ........................................................ 192

→Eff(, CALC ......................................................... 192

A-LOCK key .............................................................. 5

abs( ......................................................................... 43

abs(, COMPLX ................................................... 79

abs(, NUM .......................................................... 73

Absolute value ................................................... 43

absolute value, COMPLX .................................. 79

Advanced keyboard ................................................ 66

Advanced Mode............................................... iii, 7, 9

ALPHA key ..................................................... 5, 8, 19

and, LOGIC ............................................................ 77

ANGLE .................................................................... 49

ANGLE, MATH ................................................... 76

ANOVA(, CALC ..................................................... 152

ANS key .................................................................. 40

ANSWER ............................................................ 26

Answer mode, changing the .............................. 12

Arc cosine ............................................................... 69

Arc sine ................................................................... 69

Arc tangent ............................................................. 69

arg(, COMPLX ........................................................ 79

augment(, OPE ............................................. 126, 138

Auto, SIMPLE ......................................................... 27

Auto, TABLE ..................................................... 100

Auto, ZOOM ....................................................... 53

AXIS, FORMAT ................................................. 63, 95

AxisOFF, FORMAT ............................................... 212

AxisON, FORMAT ................................................ 212

Bal(, CALC ............................................................ 191

Basic keyboard ................................................. 31, 50

Basic Mode ....................................................... ii, 7, 9

Battery, inserting ...................................................... 2

Battery, replacing the ....................................... 228

Binary, NBASE ....................................................... 81

Blank line, programming ...................................... 205

Box plot, Graph type ............................................ 155

Box, ZOOM ............................................................. 54

Braces ..................................................................... 40

BRNCH menu, Programming ....................... 209, 214

Broken line plot, Graph type ................................ 154

BS key ...................................................................... 6

CALC .......................................................... 42, 60, 70

CALC function .................................................... 93

CALC functions, financial ................................ 189

CALC key ............................................................. 5

CALC menu, STAT ........................................... 150

CALC, MATH ...................................................... 70

Calculation screen, entering the ............................ 11

CATALOG ............................................................... 41

cdfbin(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181

cdfF(, DISTRI ....................................................... 180

cdfgeo(, DISTRI .................................................... 182

cdfnorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 177

cdfpoi(, DISTRI ..................................................... 182

cdfT(, DISTRI ....................................................... 179

cdfχ

(, DISTRI ...................................................... 179

Circle(, DRAW ...................................................... 108

CL key ....................................................................... 6

CLIP key ................................................................... 6

ClrDraw, DRAW .................................................... 102

ClrG, SCRN .......................................................... 209

ClrList, OPE .......................................................... 159

ClrT, SCRN ........................................................... 209

Combination ........................................................... 48

Comma ................................................................... 38

Command, programming ..................................... 207

Common math function keys ................................. 21

Comparison operand, program ............................ 206

Complex conjugate, COMPLX ............................... 78

Complex number ................................................ 78

Complex number, available keys ....................... 80

Complex number, calculation ............................ 79

COMPLX, MATH ................................................ 78

compound interest ................................................ 186

Cumulative sum, CALC .......................................... 72

conj(, COMPLX ...................................................... 78

Connect, FORMAT ............................................... 212

266

Appendix

CONV ..................................................................... 48

CONV, MATH ..................................................... 74

Conversion ......................................................... 48

Conversion keys, fraction and decimal .............. 36

Conversion, coordinates ........................................ 74

COORD .................................................................. 26

COPY menu, programming .................................. 216

cos .......................................................................... 42

cos

-1

X, TRIG .......................................................... 97

cosecant, CALC ..................................................... 72

cosh X, HYP ........................................................... 97

cosh, CALC ............................................................ 72

cosh

-1

X, HYP ......................................................... 97

cosh

-1

, CALC .......................................................... 73

cosine ..................................................................... 68

cot

-1

......................................................................... 72

cotangent, CALC .................................................... 72

csc

-1

......................................................................... 72

cumul, OPE .................................................. 126, 137

cumulative matrix ............................................. 126

CURR, SLIDE SHOW .......................................... 118

Cursor ............................................................... 15, 16

Cursor appearance ............................................ 16

Cursor key ............................................................ 6

Cursor navigation ............................................... 17

CURSOR, FORMAT ........................................... 96

d/dx(, CALC ............................................................ 71

Data list operation, statistics ................................ 159

days(, CALC ......................................................... 192

Debugging, program ............................................. 219

Dec, ZOOM ............................................................ 54

Decimal (Real) ........................................................ 26

Decimal ........................................................ 49, 74

Decimal, NBASE ................................................ 81

Decimal, SETUP .............................................. 211

Default, ZOOM ....................................................... 54

Deg ......................................................................... 25

Deg, SETUP ..................................................... 210

Degree .......................................................... 49, 74

Degree, angle..................................................... 49

DEL key .................................................................... 6

DEL, SLIDE SHOW ......................................... 119

Delete files ....................................................... 224

det, MATH ............................................................. 129

df_list, OPE .......................................................... 137

Differential, CALC .................................................. 71

dim(, OPE ..................................................... 125, 136

DispG, SCRN ....................................................... 209

Display contrast, adjusting ....................................... 3

Display screen...................................................... 5

Display, clear the ................................................ 11

DispT, SCRN ........................................................ 209

DISTRI menu, STAT ............................................. 177

Distribution functions, statistics ....................... 177

Dot, FORMAT ....................................................... 212

DRAW ..................................................................... 61

DRAW function ................................................. 102

DRAW key ............................................................ 5

Draw, DRAW .................................................... 107

DrawInv, DRAW ............................................... 108

DrawOFF, ON/OFF .......................................... 111

DrawON, ON/OFF ............................................ 111

DRG ........................................................................ 25

Derivative, CALC .................................................... 71

EDIT, SLIDE SHOW ............................................. 118

Editing mode .......................................................... 17

EDITOR .................................................................. 26

Else, BRNCH ........................................................ 214

End, PRGM .......................................................... 208

EndIf, BRNCH ...................................................... 214

Eng ......................................................................... 25

Eng, SETUP ..................................................... 211

ENTER key ......................................................... 6, 33

ENTRY key ............................................................. 41

Equality ................................................................... 76

Equation ................................................................. 26

Equation method, SOLVER ............................. 194

Equation mode ................................................... 17

Equation, recalling a ........................................ 201

Equation, renaming a ....................................... 200

Equation, saving a ........................................... 200

EQVARS, VARS.................................................... 217

Error codes ........................................................... 235

Error messages .................................................. 28

Euler number ........................................................ 246

......................................................................... 69

, EXP ............................................................... 97

EXP, ZOOM ...................................................... 55, 97

Exponent ................................................................ 38

EXPRES, FORMAT .......................................... 63, 95

ExprOFF, FORMAT............................................... 211

ExprON, FORMAT ................................................ 211

267

Appendix

FACTOR, ZOOM .................................................... 55

Factorial .................................................................. 48

Factorial, PROB ................................................. 74

fill(, OPE ....................................................... 125, 136

FINANCE key ........................................................... 7

Financial features............................................. 183

Fix ........................................................................... 25

Fix, SETUP ...................................................... 211

FloatPt .................................................................... 25

FloatPT, SETUP ............................................... 211

Flow control, programming .................................. 214

Flow diagram, financial ........................................ 183

fmax(, CALC ........................................................... 71

fmin(, CALC ............................................................ 71

For, BRNCH .......................................................... 215

FORMAT ................................................................. 63

FORMAT key ........................................................ 5

FORMAT menu, programming ......................... 211

Format setting .................................................... 95

fpart ........................................................................ 44

Fraction calculation keys .............................. 7, 20, 35

Fraction, entering ............................................... 11

Frequency, setting the .......................................... 147

FSE ......................................................................... 25

Ftest2samp, TEST ................................................ 167

gcd( ......................................................................... 45

gcd(, NUM .......................................................... 73

Get, I/O ................................................................. 209

Gosub, BRNCH .................................................... 216

Goto, BRNCH ....................................................... 214

Grad ........................................................................ 25

Grad, SETUP ................................................... 210

GRAPH key ........................................................ 5, 53

Graph Equation window..................................... 51

Graph type, statistics ....................................... 153

Graphic method, SOLVER ............................... 198

Graphic parametric equation ............................. 87

Graphing sequences .......................................... 89

Greater than ........................................................... 76

Greatest common divisor ....................................... 45

GRID, FORMAT ................................................ 63, 95

GridOFF, FORMAT ........................................... 212

GridON, FORMAT ............................................ 212

G_DATA, DRAW ................................................... 112

G_DATA, VARS ..................................................... 217

Hard cover, using the ............................................... 3

Hexadecimal, NBASE ............................................ 81

Histogram, Graph type ......................................... 153

HYP, ZOOM ............................................................ 97

Hyperbolic cosine, CALC ....................................... 72

Hyperbolic sine, CALC ........................................... 72

Hyperbolic tangent, CALC ..................................... 72

H_line, DRAW ....................................................... 105

I/O menu, programming ....................................... 209

identity, OPE ......................................................... 126

If, BRNCH ............................................................. 214

image(, COMPLX ................................................... 79

Imaginary part, COMPLX ....................................... 79

imaginary number .............................................. 70

Improp, SETUP .................................................... 211

Improp (Real) ..................................................... 26

In, ZOOM ................................................................ 54

INEQ, MATH ........................................................... 76

Inequality ................................................................ 76

Infinite loop, programming ................................... 220

Inflec, CALC ........................................................... 94

INITIAL, SHADE ................................................... 114

Input method .......................................................... 16

Input, PRGM .................................................... 207

INS key ..................................................................... 6

Insert mode ........................................................ 17

int ............................................................................ 44

Int, NUM ............................................................. 73

Int, ZOOM .......................................................... 54

Integer ................................................................ 44

Integer division keys ...................................... 7, 37

Integer division ............................................. 20, 37

Integral, CALC ........................................................ 71

Intsct, CALC ........................................................... 60

Inverse cotangent, CALC ....................................... 72

Inverse cosecant, CALC ........................................ 72

Inverse hyperbolic cosine, CALC ........................... 73

Inverse hyperbolic sine, CALC ............................... 73

Inverse hyperbolic tangent, CALC ......................... 73

Inverse secant, CALC ............................................ 72

InvNorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 178

ipart ......................................................................... 44

ipart, NUM .......................................................... 73

Irr(, CALC ............................................................. 190

268

Appendix

Key, PRGM ........................................................... 208

Keyboard, changing the ........................................... 9

Label, BRNCH ...................................................... 214

lcm( ......................................................................... 45

lcm(, NUM .......................................................... 73

Least common multiple ...................................... 45

Less than ................................................................ 76

LimOFF, S_PLOT ................................................. 213

LimON, S_PLOT ................................................... 213

Line(, DRAW ......................................................... 103

LINE, DRAW .................................................... 112

Linking to another EL-9900 or PC ....................... 224

LIST key .................................................................... 6

List features...................................................... 131

List variable ........................................................ 80

list→matrix(, OPE .................................... 128, 138

List, creating a .................................................. 133

List, drawing multiple graphs ........................... 141

List, normal operations .................................... 133

List, special operations .................................... 135

List, Table ......................................................... 143

ln ............................................................................. 68

ln X, EXP ............................................................ 97

log ..................................................................... 43, 68

log

, CALC .......................................................... 70

Logarithm keys ................................................... 7, 68

LOGIC, MATH ......................................................... 77

L_DATA function, List ........................................... 142

L_DATA, VARS...................................................... 217

Manual, SIMPLE .................................................... 27

MATH menu ............................................................ 42

MATH menu key ............................................. 7, 23

MATH menu, List .............................................. 139

MATH menu, Matrix ......................................... 129

Math calculation ................................................. 15

MATRIX key .............................................................. 7

Matrix ................................................................ 120

matrix→list(, OPE .................................... 128, 138

Matrix, define dimensions ................................ 122

Matrix, editing keys and functions ................... 123

Matrix, entering a ............................................. 122

Matrix, entering manually ................................ 130

Matrix, normal calculations .............................. 124

Matrix, using in an expression ......................... 130

Matrix, viewing a .............................................. 122

max( ........................................................................ 45

max(, MATH ..................................................... 139

max(, NUM ......................................................... 73

Maximum value .................................................. 45

Maximum, CALC ................................................ 61

mean(, MATH........................................................ 139

median(, MATH..................................................... 140

Med_Med, REG .................................................... 160

Memory usage, checking the ............................... 222

min( ......................................................................... 45

min(, MATH ...................................................... 139

min(, NUM .......................................................... 73

Minimum value ................................................... 45

Minimum, CALC ................................................. 60

Minute, angle .......................................................... 49

Mixed (Real) ........................................................... 26

Mixed number, entering the ............................... 36

Mixed, SETUP.................................................. 211

Modified box type, Graph type ............................. 155

n-based (Time), sequence ..................................... 90

NBASE, TOOL ........................................................ 81

nCr .......................................................................... 48

nCr, PROB ......................................................... 74

neg, LOGIC ............................................................ 78

Negative value ........................................................ 34

Negative value, entering the .............................. 14

NEW, SLIDE SHOW ............................................. 118

Newton’s method, SOLVER ................................. 196

Next, BRNCH ....................................................... 215

Normal distribution plot, Graph type .................... 154

Normal probability plot, Graph type ..................... 154

not, LOGIC ............................................................. 77

nPr .......................................................................... 47

nPr, PROB .......................................................... 74

Npv(, CALC .......................................................... 190

NUM ........................................................................ 43

NUM, MATH ............................................................ 73

Numbers, entering .................................................. 14

Octal, NBASE ......................................................... 81

OFF, turn ................................................................... 3

ON/OFF, DRAW.................................................... 111

One-line mode .................................................. 17, 26

269

Appendix

OPE menu, List .................................................... 135

OPE menu, Matrix ............................................ 125

OPE menu, STAT ............................................. 159

Operand, programming ........................................ 206

OPTION key ............................................................. 6

OPTION Menu ................................................. 222

or, LOGIC ............................................................... 77

Out, ZOOM ............................................................. 54

Param ..................................................................... 26

Param, SETUP ................................................. 210

Parametric coordinate system, TABLE .................. 99

Parametric coordinate system, WINDOW ............. 98

Parentheses ..................................................... 15, 35

Payment due at the beginning of the period ....... 188

Payment due at the end of the period ................. 184

pdfbin(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181

pdfF(, DISTRI ....................................................... 180

pdfgeo(, DISTRI ................................................... 182

pdfnorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 177

pdfpoi(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181

pdfT(, DISTRI ....................................................... 178

pdfχ

(, DISTRI ...................................................... 179

Permutation ............................................................ 47

phase-based (uv, uw, vw), sequence .................... 91

PICT, DRAW ......................................................... 113

PICTUR, VARS ..................................................... 217

π ................................................................................ 41, 70

Pie chart, Graph type ........................................... 156

PLAY, SLIDE SHOW ............................................ 118

PlotOFF, S_PLOT ................................................. 213

PlotON, S_PLOT .................................................. 213

Plotting on/off, statistical graph............................ 157

Plt1(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213

Plt2(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213

Plt3(, S_PLOT ...................................................... 213

PntCHG(, POINT .................................................. 110

PntOFF(, POINT ................................................... 110

PntON(, POINT .................................................... 110

POINT, DRAW ...................................................... 109

Polar........................................................................ 26

Polar coordinate system, TABLE ..................... 100

Polar coordinate system, WINDOW .................. 98

Polar coordinate, CURSOR ............................... 96

Polar coordinates ............................................... 74

Polar graphing .................................................... 88

Polar, SETUP ................................................... 210

PolarCursor, FORMAT ..................................... 211

POLY, TOOL ........................................................... 82

Power ...................................................................... 69

Power ON/OFF key .................................................. 5

POWER, ZOOM ..................................................... 55

Precedence of calculation ...................................... 27

PreWin, ZOOM ....................................................... 56

PRGM menu key ................................................ 7, 23

PRGM menu, programming ............................. 207

Print, PRGM ......................................................... 207

PROB ...................................................................... 46

PROB, MATH ..................................................... 74

Probability .......................................................... 46

prod(, MATH ......................................................... 140

Program, blank line .............................................. 205

Program, changing a name ............................. 205

Program, copying ............................................. 205

Program, creating a ......................................... 202

Program, debugging ........................................ 219

Program, deleting a line ................................... 205

Program, entering a command ........................ 203

Program, entering an alphabet ........................ 203

Program, executing the .................................... 204

Program, operand ............................................ 206

Program, storing a ........................................... 205

Program, variable ............................................. 206

Programming command .................................. 207

Programming features ..................................... 202

Programming hints ........................................... 204

Programming, infinite loop ............................... 220

PxlCHG(, POINT .................................................. 110

PxlOFF(, POINT ................................................... 110

PxlON(, POINT ..................................................... 110

PxlTST(, POINT ................................................... 111

QUIT key ................................................................... 6

r ∠ θ (Complex) ...................................................... 26

r ∠ θ, SETUP ................................................... 211

Rad ......................................................................... 25

Rad, SETUP ..................................................... 210

Radian ................................................................ 49

random .................................................................... 46

random, PROB ................................................... 74

RCL, ZOOM ............................................................ 56

RclGD, G_DATA.................................................... 112

270

Appendix

RclLD, L_DATA ..................................................... 143

RclPict, PICT ........................................................ 113

RclWin, ZOOM ....................................................... 56

Real part, COMPLX ............................................... 79

real(, COMPLX ................................................... 79

Recall, variable ....................................................... 40

Recalling a equation ........................................ 201

Rect ........................................................................ 26

Rect, SETUP .................................................... 210

Rectangular coordinate system, TABLE............ 99

Rectangular coordinate system, WINDOW ....... 98

Rectangular coordinate, CURSOR.................... 96

Rectangular coordinates .................................... 74

RectCursor, FORMAT ...................................... 211

REG menu, STAT ................................................. 160

Regression ....................................................... 145

Regression calculation .................................... 160

Regression function, using the ........................ 163

Rem, PRGM ......................................................... 208

remain ..................................................................... 46

Remainder .......................................................... 46

Remainder, division ........................................... 37

Renaming a equation ........................................... 200

Reset function, OPTION ...................................... 227

Reset switch ................................................... 6, 29

RESET, OPTION menu ..................................... 30

Resetting the calculator ..................................... 29

Residual list .......................................................... 165

Return, BRNCH .................................................... 216

Reversible Keyboard ................................................ ii

Rg_a+bx, REG ..................................................... 160

Rg_ab

, REG ........................................................ 161

Rg_ae

, REG ....................................................... 161

Rg_ax+b, REG ..................................................... 160

Rg_ax

, REG ........................................................ 162

Rg_ln, REG .......................................................... 161

Rg_log, REG ........................................................ 161

Rg_logistic, REG .................................................. 162

Rg_sin, REG ......................................................... 162

Rg_x

-1

, REG ......................................................... 162

Rg_x

, REG .......................................................... 160

Rg_x

, REG .......................................................... 160

Rg_x

, REG .......................................................... 161

rndCoin ................................................................... 47

rndDice ................................................................... 47

rndInt( ..................................................................... 46

rndInt(, PROB .................................................... 74

rnd_mat(, OPE ..................................................... 126

Root .................................................................. 39, 70

round( ..................................................................... 44

round(, NUM ....................................................... 73

Rounded value ................................................... 44

rowEF, MATH ........................................................ 129

row_m.p.(, OPE .................................................... 127

row_mult(, OPE .................................................... 127

row_plus(, OPE .................................................... 127

row_swap(, OPE ................................................... 127

rrowEF, MATH ....................................................... 129

Saving a equation ................................................ 200

Scatter diagram, Graph type ................................ 156

Sci ........................................................................... 25

Sci, SETUP ...................................................... 211

Screen contrast, adjusting the ............................. 222

SCRN menu, programming .................................. 209

sec

-1

........................................................................ 72

secant, CALC ......................................................... 72

Second, angle ........................................................ 49

SELECT menu, OPTION ..................................... 225

SELECT, SLIDE SHOW ....................................... 118

Send, I/O .............................................................. 209

Seq ......................................................................... 26

seq(, OPE ......................................................... 137

Sequen, FORMAT ............................................ 212

Sequential coordinate system, TABLE ............ 100

Sequential coordinate system, WINDOW ......... 98

SET, SHADE......................................................... 114

SetList, OPE ......................................................... 159

SETUP key ......................................................... 6, 24

SETUP menu ............................................... 25, 83

SETUP menu, programming ........................... 210

Sexagesimal ........................................................... 48

SHADE, DRAW .................................................... 114

Shade(, DRAW ................................................. 107

Simp key ................................................................. 35

SIMPLE .............................................................. 27

simple interest .................................................. 186

Simul, FORMAT .................................................... 212

sin ........................................................................... 42

sin

-1

X, TRIG ........................................................... 97

sine ......................................................................... 68

sinh X, HYP ............................................................ 97

sinh, CALC ............................................................. 72

sinh

-1

X, HYP .......................................................... 97

sinh

-1

, CALC ........................................................... 73

271

Appendix

SLIDE SHOW ....................................................... 115

SLIDE SHOW key ................................................ 6

SLIDE SHOW menu ......................................... 118

slv_FV, CALC ....................................................... 189

slv_I%, CALC ....................................................... 189

slv_N, CALC ......................................................... 189

slv_pmt, CALC ..................................................... 189

slv_PV, CALC ....................................................... 189

SOLVER feature ................................................... 194

SOLVER, equation method.............................. 194

SOLVER function, Financial ............................ 185

SOLVER, graphic method ................................ 198

SOLVER, Newton’s method ............................. 196

SOLVER key......................................................... 7

sortA(, OPE .................................................. 135, 159

sortD(, OPE .................................................. 135, 159

Specifications ....................................................... 233

SPLIT ...................................................................... 58

SPLIT key ............................................................. 5

Square .................................................................... 37

Square, ZOOM ................................................... 54

Standard deviation ............................................... 141

STAT menu ........................................................... 149

STAT menu key .............................................. 7, 23

STAT PLOT key .................................................... 6

STAT, VARS ...................................................... 217

Stat, ZOOM ........................................................ 54

Statistical graph functions ............................... 157

Statistical graph, plotting on/off ....................... 157

Statistical graph, specifying ............................. 157

Statistical graph, trancing the .......................... 158

Statistical hypothesis testing ........................... 165

Statistics ........................................................... 145

Statistics, graphing .......................................... 153

Statistics, opening the list table ....................... 145

Statistics, plotting ............................................. 147

Statistics features ............................................ 149

stdDv(, MATH ....................................................... 141

STO key .................................................................. 38

STO, ZOOM ....................................................... 56

StoGD, G_DATA ............................................... 112

StoLD, L_DATA ................................................. 142

StoPict, PICT ................................................... 113

STOWIN, VARS ................................................ 217

SUB key .............................................................. 5, 63

Substitution ........................................................ 63

Substitution feature (Advanced) ...................... 114

sum(, MATH .......................................................... 140

SYSTEM, TOOL ..................................................... 82

S_PLOT menu, programming .............................. 213

TA B ......................................................................... 26

Tab, SETUP .......................................................... 211

TABLE key .......................................................... 5, 53

TABLE, VARS ................................................... 217

Table, editing the list ........................................ 144

Table, entering the list ...................................... 143

Table, List ......................................................... 143

Table, setting a ................................................. 100

Tables ................................................................. 99

tan ........................................................................... 43

tan

-1

X, TRIG ........................................................... 97

tangent .................................................................... 68

tanh X, HYP ............................................................ 97

tanh, CALC ............................................................. 72

tanh

-1

X, HYP .......................................................... 97

tanh

-1

, CALC ........................................................... 73

TBLSET key ............................................................. 5

TEST menu, STAT ................................................ 165

Text(, DRAW ......................................................... 109

Then, BRNCH ....................................................... 214

Time, SETUP ........................................................ 210

Time, TYPE ........................................................ 96

Tint1samp, TEST .................................................. 170

Tint2samp, TEST .................................................. 170

TOOL key .................................................................. 7

TOOL menu........................................................ 81

TRACE .................................................................... 57

TRACE key ........................................................... 5

Trace function, statistical graph ....................... 158

trans, MATH .......................................................... 129

TRIG, ZOOM .................................................... 56, 97

Trigonometric keys .......................... 7, 20, 21, 68, 69

Trouble shooting ................................................... 231

Ttest1samp, TEST ................................................ 167

Ttest2samp, TEST ................................................ 168

TtestLinreg, TEST ................................................ 169

TYPE, FORMAT ..................................................... 96

T_line(, DRAW ...................................................... 106

User, TABLE ......................................................... 101

uv, SETUP ............................................................ 210

uv, TYPE ................................................................. 96

uw, SETUP ........................................................... 210

272

Appendix

uw, TYPE ................................................................ 96

Value, CALC ........................................................... 60

Var iable, programming ......................................... 206

Var iable, store .................................................... 38

varian(, MATH ....................................................... 141

Variance ........................................................... 141

VARS key ............................................................ 7, 40

VARS menu, financial ...................................... 193

VARS menu, programming .............................. 217

vw, SETUP ........................................................... 210

vw, TYPE ................................................................ 96

V_line(, DRAW ..................................................... 105

Wait, PRGM .......................................................... 208

Web, SETUP ........................................................ 210

Web, TYPE ......................................................... 96

WEnd, BRNCH ..................................................... 215

While, BRNCH ...................................................... 215

WINDOW ................................................................ 57

WINDOW key ....................................................... 5

WINDOW, setting the ....................................... 148

WINDOW, VARS .............................................. 217

Window, setting a ............................................... 98

x’, REG ................................................................. 163

xnor, LOGIC ........................................................... 78

xor, LOGIC .............................................................. 78

XY Line, Graph type ............................................. 156

X_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61

x±yi (Complex) ....................................................... 26

X±yi, SETUP ........................................................ 211

Y’, FORMAT...................................................... 63, 95

y’, REG ................................................................. 163

Y’OFF, FORMAT ................................................... 211

Y’ON, FORMAT .................................................... 211

Y= key ....................................................................... 5

Y_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61

Zint1prop, TEST ................................................... 175

Zint1samp, TEST .................................................. 174

Zint2prop, TEST ................................................... 176

Zint2samp, TEST .................................................. 175

ZOOM ..................................................................... 53

ZOOM key ............................................................ 5

Zoom Functions ................................................. 96

Ztest1prop, TEST ................................................. 173

Ztest1samp, TEST ................................................ 171

Ztest2prop, TEST ................................................. 173

Ztest2samp, TEST ................................................ 172

This equipment complies with the requirements of Directive 89/336/EEC as

amended by 93/68/EEC.

Dieses Gerät entspricht den Anforderungen der EG-Richtlinie 89/336/EWG mit

Änderung 93/68/EWG.

Ce matériel répond aux exigences contenues dans la directive 89/336/CEE

modifiée par la directive 93/68/CEE.

Dit apparaat voldoet aan de eisen van de richtlijn 89/336/EEG, gewijzigd door

93/68/EEG.

Dette udstyr overholder kravene i direktiv nr. 89/336/EEC med tillæg nr. 93/68/

EEC.

Quest’apparecchio è conforme ai requisiti della direttiva 89/336/EEC come

emendata dalla direttiva 93/68/EEC.

∏ ÂÁÎ·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÈ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂÈ˜ ÙˆÓ Ô‰ËÁÈÒÓ ÙË˜

∂˘Úˆ·˚Î‹˜ ∂ÓˆÛË˜ 89/336/∂√∫, ﬁˆ˜ Ô Î·ÓÔÓÈÛÌﬁ˜ ·˘Ùﬁ˜ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒıËÎÂ

·ﬁ ÙËÓ Ô‰ËÁ›· 93/68/∂√∫.

Este equipamento obedece às exigências da directiva 89/336/CEE na sua

versão corrigida pela directiva 93/68/CEE.

Este aparato satisface las exigencias de la Directiva 89/336/CEE, modificada por

medio de la 93/68/CEE.

Denna utrustning uppfyller kraven enligt riktlinjen 89/336/EEC så som

kompletteras av 93/68/EEC.

Dette produktet oppfyller betingelsene i direktivet 89/336/EEC i endringen 93/68/

EEC.

Tämä laite täyttää direktiivin 89/336/EEC vaatimukset, jota on muutettu

direktiivillä 93/68/EEC.

In Europe:

In Canada: Au Canada:

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-

003 du Canada.

NOTE: FOR NETHERLANDS ONLY

EL-9900

MODEL

EL-9900 GRAPHING CALCULATOR

GRAPHING CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

SHARP CORPORATION

02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)

PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA

Sharp EL9900 Handleiding

Hulp nodig? Stel uw vraag in het forum

Misbruik melden

Product:

Spelregels forum

Abonneren

Ontvang uw handleiding per email

Stel vragen via chat aan uw handleiding

Uw handleiding is per email verstuurd. Controleer uw email

Er is een email naar u verstuurd om uw inschrijving definitief te maken.

U heeft geen emailadres opgegeven

Uw vraag is op deze pagina toegevoegd

Info