30121

Graupner MC18 Handleiding

54
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1
PROFI-ULTRASOFT-MODULE 256k
2
The Graupner PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module 256k
offers the modeller practically all currently imaginable
functions for the operation of the most diverse types
of sailplanes and powered models, including such
complex ones as helicopters. The programs have
been developed on the basis of practical experience,
in close cooperation with renowned model flyers and,
as a result leave barely anything to be desired even
for, and in, hard contest environments. The clear,
logical design of the various functions, however,
enables even the less experienced model flyer to take
advantage of these programs in everyday flying
conditions and operation.
The complexity of the program and their extreme
specialisation on specific model types require
separating this programming manual into three
sections: a general section which concerns all model
types in like manner, another section for fixed-wing
power models and sailplane models and a third one
for helicopter models. Power models and sailplanes
are named fixed-wing models here, to distinguish
them from helicopter models.
Fixed-wing model and helicopter sections are
arranged in two parts each: the detailed description of
the options, which may be called under their specific
code numbers, plus a compilation of programming
examples which can be used as they are presented
here or modified to suit one’s own application
requirements.
The numbering of the options has been chosen to suit
in-house technical deliberation. Their description,
however, follows the sequential order in which they’ll
normally be called when performing the setting-up
process of a new model.
The high flexibility of adaptability to individual
requirements or demands of the operator necessitate
the provision of specific allocations before calling and
setting up the options depending on them. Thus the
possibility of free allocation of the FUAL RATE
switches necessitates – for example – the
determination of this allocation, before the DUAL
RATE values can be adjusted. The same holds true,
in similar manner, for other options, in particular those
of the helicopter programs.
The beginner and less experienced model flyer will be
advised to study and use the programming examples,
as practically usable – adjustments can then be made
in the shortest possible time, with the essential
operational steps being learned at the same time.
This applies to the helicopter gyro in particular, which
is enabled to adjust a sensible selection of the
extensive offering of the helicopter options, and to
learn to use them in the process. However, the
experienced R/C pilot will benefit as well in studying
the programming examples thoroughly and practising
the described adjustments, thereby getting familiar
with the operation and handling of the transmitter.
In order to spare the user cross-referencing and the
bothersome turning of pages from one section to
another, both the fixed-wing and helicopter sections
contain descriptions of ALL available options,
irrespective of whether descriptions have been
published previously. This part of the text may appear
several times in this manual, as this will help simplify
the use of the
MICRO COMPUTER EXPERT SYSTEM MC-18.
Note:
All functions of the PROFI-ULTRASOFT-MODUL are
compatible with any of the MC-18 transmitters. With
transmitters up to the ’88 series only seven models
can be stored without back-up copy, however,
Conversion from 7 to 30 models storage capacity can
be performed by the Graupner Service.
Contents
3
General Section 4 – 7
Codes of the PROFI-ULTRASOFT-MODULE 4
General Information 5
Selection of Model Type 6 – 7
Mode of Operation – Code Menu 7
Analogue Adjustment of Values 7
Fixed-wing model section 8 – 56
Control Connections, Receiver Outlets 8 – 9
Model Type Block Diagrams 10 – 16
Code Chart – Model Types 1 – 5 17
Description of Options – Model Types 1 – 5 18 – 35
Code Chart – F3B Models - Types 6 – 7 36
Description of Options – F3B Models 38 – 43
Fixed-wing Programming Examples
I. Basic Settings
1. Preparations 44
2. Executing a Reset 44 – 45
3. Selection of Model Memory 45
4. Input Name of Model 45
5. Allocation of Control Sticks 46
6. Determining the Type of Model 46 – 47
7. Determining the Idle Trim 47
8. Copying the Settings 48
9. Determining the Modulation Mode 48 – 49
10. Adjusting the Direction of Servo Travel 49
11. Adjusting Servo Throw 50 – 51
II. Supplementary Adjustments
1. Limiting Servo Throw 52
2. Coordination of Throttle Characteristics 52 – 53
3. Storage of Trim Data 35
III. Examples of Copying
Single Model Memory 54
All Models Memory 55
Internal Copying 56
Helicopter Section 57 – 118
Receiver Outlets 57
Control Connections 58
Code Chart – Helicopter – Type 8 59
Description of Options – Helicopter Type 8 60 – 87
Description of Options – Helicopter Type 9 87
Helicopter Programming Examples
I. Basic Settings
1. Preparations 88
2. Executing a Reset 88 – 89
3. Selection of Model Memory 89
4. Input Name of Model 89
5. Allocation of Control Sticks 90
6. Determining the Type of Model 90 – 91
7. Direction of Throttle / Pitch Control Stick 91
8. Allocation of Switches 92
9. Copying the Settings 92 – 93
10. Determining the Modulation Mode 93
11. Type of Swashplate 94
12. Direction of Torque Compensation 94 – 95
13. Switching Activation of Auto-rotation 95
14. Adjusting Servo & Rotor Mixer Direction 96 – 97
15. Pitch Adjustments 97 – 99
16. Adjusting Torque Compensation 99
17. Adjusting Carburettor Actuation 100 – 101
II. Upgrading for Advanced Pilots
1. Throttle Preset 102
a. By Slider Control 102 – 103
b. By Switch 103
c. By Switch and Slider Control 103
2. Complementing Auto-Rotation Settings 104
a. Maximum Pitch 104 – 105
b. Minimum Pitch 105
c. Tail Rotor Centre Position in Auto-Rot’n 106
3. Compensating for Tail Rotor Load 106 – 107
III. Further Upgrading for Expert Pilots
1. PROFITRIM Module 108
a. Test Flying with PROFITRIM 108
b. PROFITRIM for Competition Use 109
2. Changeover from Hover to Aerobatics 110
a. Normal Adjustments for Aerobatics 110
b. Alternative Adjustments for Hover 111 – 115
3. Changeover to Auto-Rotation 116
4. Flare Compensation 117 – 118
Appendix
Changes from the MULTISOFT-Module 118 – 119
Codes of the PROFI-ULTRASOFT-MODULE
4
Model Type Display Reads Meaning Described on
Code Fixed-Wing
Helicopter
1-5
6,7
8 9 Page Page
11
11
11
11
REVERSE SW
Direction of Rotation of Servos 21 65
12
12
12
12
THROW ADJUST
Servo Throw Adjustments 22 75
13
13
13
13
DUAL RATE
Switchable Servo Throw Reduction 24 77
14
14
14
14
EXPONENTIAL
Exponential Servo Movement 24 77
15
15
15
15
SUB TRIM
Servo Neutral Po int Adjust 22 76
16
16
16
16
TRACE RATE
Adjust Effect of Operating Stick 23 76
17
RED. THROTTLE
Switchable Throttle Reduction 28
18
18
IDLE R. TRIM
Idle Trim Adjustment 19
19
19
19
19
THROW LIMIT
Servo Throw Reduction 22 76
21
21
GAS STICK DR
Direction of Pitch Control 61
22
22
DIFF. RATE
Aileron Differential 27
23
23
23
23
SWITCH FUNCT.
External Switch Allocation 20, 38 62
24
24
AUTO ROTATION
Autorotation Changeover Set -up 66
25
25
INV. FLIGHT
Set-up for Inverted Flight 66
26
26
HIGH PITCH
Maximum Pitch Set -up 67
27
27
LOW PITCH
Minimum Pitch Set
67
28
28
HOV. PITCH
Hover. Pitch Set
67
29
29
THROTTLE TRIM
Allocation of Idle Trim 62
31
31
THR/BRK MIDP
Set Channel 1 Mid -Point 23
32
32
32
32
MODEL NAME
Input Model Name 19 61
33
33
33
33
SWITCH MIX
Allocation of Mix Switches 30 80
34
34
34
34
SWITCH DR/EXP
Dual Rate/Exponential Switch Set -up 24 63
35
35
35
35
RED. TRIM
Allows Reduction of Trim Range 25 78
37
37
37
37
INP-PORT ASS
Allocation of External Contr ols 21 65
41
AILE RUDD
Aileron to Rudder Mix 40
42
AILE FLAP
Aileron to Flap Mix 40
43
43
V-TAIL SW
V-Tail Mixer 21
44
BRK ELEV
Spoiler to Elevator Mix 43
45
BRK FLAP
Spoiler to Flap Mix 43
46
BRK AILERON
Spoiler to Aileron Mix 43
47
ELEV FLAP
Elevator to Flap Mix 42
48
FLAP ELEV
Flap to Elevator Mix 42
49
FLAP AILERON
Flap to Aileron Mix 40
51
51
51
51
MIXx CHANNEL
Channel Allocation for Mixers 30 80
52
STRT-SPD-DIST
Flight Trim: Start, Speed, Distance 39
53
FLAP TRIM ASS
Flap Trim Assignment 39
54
DIFF REDUCT
Reduction of Aileron Differential 43
56
56
56
56
MODEL SELECT
Select Model 18 60
Model Type Display Reads Meaning Described on
Code Fixed-Wing
Helicopter
1-5
6,7
8 9 Page Page
57
57
57
57
MODE SELECT
Stick Mode Selection 18 60
58
58
58
58
MODEL TYPE
Model Type Selection 19 61
59
59
59
59
TRIM OFFSET
Storage of Trim Offset Values 25 82
61
61
61
61
MIXx COM GAIN
Mixer No x Common Gain Adjust 30 80
63
63
63
63
CH1-SWITCH
Channel 1 Dependant Auto Switch 29 79
66
PROGRAM-AUTOM
Automatic Manoeuvre Set -up 28
67
67
ATS SELECT
Automatic Torque System S elect 66
68
68
SWASH TYPE
Swashplate Type Selection 64
69
69
SWASH ADJUST
Swashplate Mixer Adjustment 65
71
71
71
71
MIXx SEP GAIN
Mixer No x Separate Gain Adjust 30 80
72
72
MIX ONLY CH
Allows Isolation of Control from O/P 32
73
73
73
73
SWITCH POSIT.
Display of Switch Positions 36 84
74
74
74
74
SERVO POSIT.
Display of a Servo Position 35 83
75
75
SWSH RUDD MIX
Swashplate to Tail Rotor Mix 75
76
76
76
76
SERVO TEST
Allows Testing of Servos 35 83
77
77
77
77
FAIL SAFE MEM
Set-up of Failsafe Mode 33 84
78
78
78
78
FAIL SAFE BAT
Failsafe on Low RX Battery 34 85
79
79
79
79
SERVO SLOW-D
Servo Slow Set -up 23 78
81
81
STATIC ATS
Static Torque Compensation 68
82
DYNAMIC ATS
Dynamic Torque Compensation 68
83
83
AUTOR. Rud-of
Positions Tail Rotor in Auto -Rot’n 69
84
HOV. THROTTLE
Set-up Throttle for Hover 69
85
IDLE UP
Set-up Throttle Presets 70
86
SWSH THRO MIX
Swashplate to Throttle Mix 72
87
RUDD THRO MIX
Tail Rotor to Throttle Mix 72
88
88
88
88
KEYBOARD LOCK
Lock the Keyboard 34 86
89
89
GYRO CONTROL
Set-up Gyro 72
91
91
91
AN. TRIM SW
Set-up for PROFITRIM 42 75
92
92
92
SMOOTH SWITCH
Servo Transit Time Set -up 39 78
93
93
SWASH ROTATE
Enter Swashplate Rotation 68
94
94
94
94
COPY MODEL
Model Copy Facility 26 82
95
95
95
95
MODULATION
PPM/PCM Select 18 60
97
97
97
97
ALARM TIMER
Stop Watch Timer 32 85
98
98
98
98
INTEG. TIME
TX operating Timer 33 86
99
99
99
99
ALL CLOSE
Lock the Transmitter 34 86
General Information
Applicable to all Model Types
5
The installation of the module is performed as
described in the MC-18 programming manual.
IMPORTANT
After installation of the module ALL model memories
should be cleared. If this is not done, it is possible
that fragments of previous programs left in the
memory may cause malfunction in conjunction with
the PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module.
To this end, after selecting the model No via code 56
ENTER , entering the model number 1…7 (or
1…30
1
), the key CLEAR has to be pressed first
instead of just pressing the ENTER , and ENTER is
then used to clear the memories. This step should
preferably be performed immediately after installation
of the module for ALL model memories, one after
another.
Therefore input as follows:
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 1 CLEAR ENTER
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 2 CLEAR ENTER
…
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 7 CLEAR ENTER
(…
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 3 0 CLEAR ENTER )
This procedure needs only to be performed this one
time.
List of Functions
The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module has nine different
model types in all, which are selectable via code 58.
For obvious reasons model selection must be the first
step when programming a new model. This step
determines which of the options will be available in
the course of the programming process.
1
TX of series ’89 (and later) are designed for 30 model memories.
Basic Programs including Automatic Manoeuvres
MULTISOFT for Aerobatic classes such as F3A and F3B
Code Model Type
58/1 NORMAL
Normal Model
/2 NORMAL/DIFF
Normal models with 2 Aileron Servos
/3 DELTA/DIFF
Delta and Flying Wing models
/4 UNIFLY/DIFF
For sailplanes & power models equipped with
plain flaps or spoilers actuated by a single servo.
/5 QUADRO-FLAP
For sailplanes & power models equipped with
separate servos for each aileron an d each flap (4
wing mounted servos).
Universal Profi-Programs
For competition pilots in classes F3A, F3B, F3E & large soarers.
58/6 F3B (3 wing-sv)
Universal program for contest models equipped
with 3 wing mounted servos.
(1 servo for flaps); undesired functions to be left
unoccupied at the RX.
/7 F3B (4 wing-sv)
Universal program for contest models equipped
with 4 wing mounted servos.
(2 servos for flaps); undesired functions to be left
unoccupied at the RX.
Universal Helicopter Programs
For contest flyers in class F3C
58/8 HELI
Universal program for contest models including
those equipped with rpm and gyro control.
/9 HELI (sp.ctl)
Special program for contest models equipped
with gyro and rpm control.
Selection of Model Type
6
Type 1: NORMAL
The majority of model aircraft belong in this
category. It comprises all power and sailplane
models with elevator, rudder, ailerons and
throttle (or in the case of gliders; the spoilers),
which are actuated by one servo for each of the
controls. The situation remains unchanged even
if additional control channels are used to actuate
supplementary functions, such as retracts, glider
tug release couplings, mixture adjust or flaps
(such as plain flaps) of sailplane models. Any
options available, and sensible, in conjunction
with this configuration are provided here. In the
case of a model equipped with a V-Tail
(replacing the conventional type of tailplane), a
special mixer may be used, which combines the
control functions of elevator and rudder in such a
manner as to provide each of the control
surfaces, each controlled by a separate servo,
with elevator plus rudder functions. For more
complex applications, such as automatic
compensation of elevator trim on actuation of
flaps, no less than nine freely programmable
mixers are available, permitting such functions to
be tailored to prevailing conditions.
Type 2: NORMAL/DIFF
This type of model differs from type 1 (NORMAL)
only by the provision of two separate servos for
the actuation of the ailerons instead of a
common servo. In this manner differential control
of ailerons is provided, permitting the downward
deflection of an aileron to be adjusted
independently of the upward displacement.. This
is achieved using code 22. The independent
operation of the two ailerons by one servo each
provides additional options, such as deflection of
these control surfaces in the same dire ction,
using them as plain flaps or flaperons. This
option, too, is available to suit the modeller’s
requirements, thanks to the availability of nine
freely programmable mixers.
Type 3: DELTA/DIFF
Type 3 corresponds to type 2, differing from the
latter in that in deltas and flying wing models the
elevator and aileron functions are performed by
common control surfaces located at the trailing
edges of the right and left wing panels and
moving either in the same direction or in the
opposite one. Each control surface being
controlled by an independent servo, and with the
correct mixture of aileron and elevator control
provided for already. All other options are
available with restrictions, including the nine
freely programmable mixers.
Type 4: UNIFLY/DIFF
This type of model is a variant of type 2. It is
meant for power models and sailplanes, where
the plain flaps are actuated by a single servo, or
the full-span ailerons are to operate as a
combination of flaps and ailerons (flaperons).
For this application the freely programmable
mixers 1…5 have already been occupied by
certain special functions, just as if one had
adjusted type 2 to perform the mixer allocations
oneself via code 51. This mixer allocation, which
functions the combi-mix aileron-rudder, flaperon
mix, elevator compensation on actuation of
spoilers, elevator compensation on actuation of
flaps and throttle pre-selection are realised, is
not a compulsory one; it may be modified to suit
the modeller’s intentions, expanded by the
additional four freely programmable mixers or
cancelled entirely (re-creating type 2 again).
Type 5: QUADRO-FLAP
Type 5 is also a variant of type 2, just like type 4.
It is meant mainly for large sailplane models,
each wing panel of which is equipped with one
servo for each aileron and flap, giving a total of 4
servos. Here, too, the special functions are
realised by pre-adjusting of freely programmable
mixers 1…5 for combi-mix aileron-rudder,
flaperon mix, elevator compensation on
actuation of spoilers, elevator compensation on
actuation of flaps and mixing aileron function into
the flap function. Here again mixer allocation can
be modified, expanded or cancelled at any time.
Type 6: F3B (3 wing servos)
Type 6 is for F3B contest sailplane models, each
aileron of which is actuated by a separate servo,
while the plain flaps are operated by one
common servo. The universal Profi program can
also be used for models have two wing mounted
servos. In this case the functions not required
are left unoccupied in the receiver.
Options specifically meant for power models are
missing here. However, there are available all
kinds of imaginable mixing and coupling
functions between aileron, elevator, rudder,
spoilers and plain flaps, which are realised by
special mixers. For the different tasks, dura tion,
distance, speed and start, pertinent elevator trim
data and flap settings can be stored and called
Mode of Operation Analogue Adjustment
of Values
7
later on. For other applications seven freely
programmable mixers are available.
Type 7: F3B (4 wing servos)
Type 7 corresponds to type 6, with the exc eption
that in the case of type 7 the flaps are actuated
by a separate servo each, thus providing
additional mix options (ailerons-flaps) which are
also realised by a special mixer. Here, too,
seven freely programmable mixers are available.
The universal Profi program can also be used for
models have two wing mounted servos. In this
case the functions not required are left
unoccupied in the receiver.
Type 8: HELI
Type 8 is a universal helicopter program for
practically all helicopters, unless they are not t o
be operated exclusively with an RPM regulator
which can not be turned off or overridden by the
throttle channel. Here one finds all currently
imaginable options for helicopters of all types
and sizes, both for normal operation and for
demanding competition work.
Type 9: HELI (with speed control)
Type 9 is suitable for model helicopters which
are exclusively operated with a speed control
operated via an auxiliary channel. In this case
the compensating functions acting on engine
control are missing. Other control functions
effect the auxiliary channel, which in turn
correspondingly controls the regulator. If a speed
control is used, which can be turned off or
overridden by normal throttle control, type 8
should be used.
The mode of operation permits skimmi ng
through the program of a model by pressing key
LIST-DM , then pressing INC to go forwards
and DEC to go backwards. Aster the desired
code number has been found, the program in
question can be selected using the ENTER key.
The value can then be set using the INC and
DEC keys as well as CLEAR and 1 … 9 ,
respectively.
The survey of contents is vacated by pressing
the CLEAR key while a new code number and
title of the code appears in the lower line of the
display.
The functions of the INC and DEC keys can
be taken over by a proportional rotary module
(order number 4111) wire to plug station AUX or
a proportional module (order number 4152).
Calling the function is performed as before, but
at that station where adjustments are to be
made, normally by the INC and DEC keys, the
rotary control is activated by key 9 . Adjustments
are then made performed using the rotary
control. In the case where the adjustment range
of the rotary control should prove inadequate to
obtain the desired value, the rotary control has to
be turned off on reaching the end position, via
the DEC key, and then reset to suit, turned on
again via key 9 . This step can be repeated as
often as required.
This analogue adjustment option can, in
principal, be used at all stations where inputs are
possible via INC and DEC keys, including for
example for skimming the list of codes.
If, on imputing the name of the model, the
selection of letter is performed using analogue
setting, numbers, lowercase letters and specia l
symbols will be available in addition to the
normally available capital letters.
After the PROFITRIM-module has been
installed, the right upper control will take over the
functions described above. Its normal function
will be interrupted automatically at the same
time.
Fixed-Wing Aircraft Programming
Hook-up of External Operating Elements at the Transmitter Board Allocation of Receiver Outputs
8
The operating elements wired to connections
5ch…9ch can be allocated differently, if so
desired using code 37.
If a three position switch (diff. Switch, order no
4160/22) is connected, for example to switch
aileron differential (code 22), the two plugs must
be plugged into horizontally adjacent stations
only (e.g. 4 and 8), never one above the other
(e.g. 3 and 4).
The external plug stations 1…8 are allocated to
the desired functions using codes 23, 33 and 34.
A switch (e.g. 4160/11) connected to the CLK
connection is used to start/stop the countdown
timer.
The connections A…C may only be used for the
automatic aerobatic manoeuvre (code 66).
Recommended Allocation
For Switches
9
The switch allocation is freely programmable, that is:
any switch can be programmed for any desired
function.
These practical examples of switch allocations are
meant to simplify programming for the inexperienced.
Block Diagram - NORMAL
10
Block Diagram – NORMAL/DIFF
11
Block Diagram – DELTA/DIFF
12
Block Diagram – UNIFLY/DIFF
13
Block Diagram – Quadro-Flap
14
Block Diagram – F3B (3 wing-servos)
15
Block Diagram – F3B (4 wing-servos)
16
Programming Code List (Types 1…5)
17
The codes for the various options were chosen
as a result of in-house deliberations. The
following programming instructions, are arranged
in the sequential order of the individual
programming steps. These are arranged to suit
practical requirements, the code numbers are
not arranged in numerical order.
When a new model is being programmed, be
sure to follow the sequences detailed in the
following pages. If you don’t follow it, you may
forget something or unintentionally change other,
earlier made adjustments.
In subsequent descriptions functionally related
options have been grouped together, so they will
be comparatively easy to fund.
No. Display Meaning Page
Transmitter Basic Adjustments
56 MODEL SELECT Select Model 18
95 MODULATION PPM/PCM Select 18
57 MODE SELECT Stick Mode Selection 18
58 MODEL TYPE Model Type Selection 19
32 MODEL NAME Input Model Name 19
18 IDLE R. TRIM Idle Trim Adjustment 19
23 SWITCH FUNCT. External Switch Allocation 20
37 INP-PORT ASS Allocation of External Controls 21
Model Basic Adjustments
43 V-TAIL SW V-Tail Mixer 21
11 REVERSE SW Direction of Rotation of Servos 21
15 SUB TRIM Servo Neutral Point Adjust 22
12 THROW ADJUST Servo Throw Adjustments 22
19 THROW LIMIT Servo Throw Reduction 22
79 SERVO SLOW-D Servo Slow Set-up 23
Further Adjustments
16 TRACE RATE Adjust Effect of Operating Stick 23
31 THR/BRK MIDP Set Channel 1 Mid-Point 23
34 SWITCH DR/EXP Dual Rate/Exponential Switch Set-up 24
13 DUAL RATE Switchable Servo Throw Reduction 24
14 EXPONENTIAL Exponential Servo Movement 24
35 RED. TRIM Allows Reduction of Trim Range 25
Special Functions
59 TRIM OFFSET Storage of Trim Offset Values 25
94 COPY MODEL Model Copy Facility 26
22 DIFF. RATE Aileron Differential 27
17 RED. THROTTLE Switchable Throttle Reduction 28
66 PROGRAM-AUTOM Automatic Manoeuvre Set-up 28
63 CH1-SWITCH Channel 1 Dependant Auto Switch 29
Freely Programmable Mixers
51 MIXx CHANNEL Channel Allocation for Mixers 30
33 SWITCH MIX Allocation of Mix Switches 31
61 MIXx COM GAIN Mixer No x Common Gain Adjust 31
71 MIXx SEP GAIN Mixer No x Separate Gain Adjust 31
72 MIX ONLY CH Allows Isolation of Control from O/P 32
No. Display Meaning Page
Clocks:
97 ALARM TIMER Stop Watch Timer 32
98 INTEG. TIME TX operating Timer 33
Safety Devices
77 FAIL SAFE MEM Set-up of Failsafe Mode 33
78 FAIL SAFE BAT Failsafe on Low RX Battery 34
88 KEYBOARD LOCK Lock the Keyboard 34
99 ALL CLOSE Lock the Transmitter 34
Test Functions
76 SERVO TEST Allows Testing of Servos 35
74 SERVO POSIT. Display of a Servo Position 35
73 SWITCH POSIT. Display of Switch Positions 36
Code 56 Code 95 Code 57
Model Selection Modulation Control Allocation
Selection and Deletion of Models Selection of PPM or PCM Modulation Allocation of Control Functions 1 – 4
18
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The MC-18 transmitter permits the storing the data of
seven models and 30 models
2
, including all trim data.
To this end, actual trim data have to be stored into the
trim memory via code 59, so the trim sliders of control
functions ailerons, elevator and rudder can be moved
to the centre position. In this manner finding trim data
required for a newly selected model (after a change of
model) will be very much simplified, as all you’ve got
to remember is that all trim levers will occupy the
centre position.
After calling code 56, model selection is performed
either directly by entering the model number under
which the desired model has been stored, or by
skimming through the index of stored models to and
fro via keys INC and DEC . In either case the name
of the currently selected model will appear in the
lower line of the display. You still have the possibility
to correct your selection by entering another model or
by skimming the index once again.
The selected model will be activated by ENTER . If
the CLEAR key is pressed instead of ENTER ,
complete deletion of the selected model data can be
initiated. This process is be performed by the
ENTER key, and aborted by any other key.
In case the model selected has been programmed for
another kind of modulation than the preceding one,
the display message “POWER OFF” indicates that
you’ve got to turn the transmitter off and then on
again so that the switch from PCM to PPM (or vice
versa) can be made.
2
Transmitters are configured for 30 models, starting with series ’89
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The MC-18 transmitter permits operation on PPM
(Pulse Position Modulation) or PCM (Pulse Code
Modulation).
Switch over is provided by code 95, using the INC
and DEC keys.
After a change of the modulation mode, the display
text will indicate that the transmitter has to be turned
off momentarily, so that it can swap over to the
changed modulation.
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Fundamentally there are four different modes for
allocating the control functions ailerons, elevator,
rudder and throttle to the two control sticks. Which of
them is used depends on the individual preferences
of the modeller.
The selection of the desired mode of operation is
performed by selection of code 57 via keys 1 ... 4 .
Changeover of the internal mechanical spring
centring will be required when changing between
even and odd mode numbers.
Code 58 Mode 32 Code 18
Model Type Model Name Engine Idle Trim
Selection of Model Type Entering Model Names Idle Trim Direction Forward/Backward/Off
19
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The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module recognises a total
of 9 different model types. The selection has to be
performed when beginning to program a model, as it
determines which codes may be called. A code
number which is incompatible with the model type
concerned, will be rejected by a message “INH
(WRONG TYPE)”.
The following model types can be selected via
buttons 1 ... 9 on activation of code 58, with the
selected type indicated in the lower line of the display.
Key Display Meaning
1 NORMAL Conventional model
2 NORMAL/DIFF Same as 1, but with 2 aileron servos
and differential
3 DELTA/DIFF Deltas and flying wings with
aileron/elevator mix
4 UNIFLY/DIFF Models with plain flaps operated by a
single channel
5 QUADRO-FLAP Same as 4, but flaps operated by 2
channels
6 F3B (3 wing sv) F3B model with 3 wing-mounted
servos (1 channel for flaps)
7 F3B (4 wing sv) F3B model with 4 wing-mounted
servos (2 channels for flaps)
8 Heli Universal helicopter program including
models with RPM control
9 Heli (sp.ctl) Helicopter with RPM control only
When changing model type via code 58, you must be
aware of the fact that some of the already
programmed adjustments will be deleted and reset to
their basic values, even if immediately switched back
to the initial model type.
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Due to the variety of model programs which can be
stored in the transmitter at the same time, it will not
be easy to remember the number of a model, the data
of which have been stored in memory. For this reason
the name of a model can be additionally stored. The
relevant test, which must not exceed 11 symbols, is
indicated in the multi-data terminals display.
On selecting code 32 the earlier input text will appear
or, when programming for the first time, an empty
line. Using the INC and DEC keys the letters of the
alphabet and numbers 0 through 9 may be selected.
Use of the TURN key permits switching from capital
letters to lowercase. When the desired character
appears it is accepted by pressing STORE and the
next character can be selected. When finished, press
the ENTER key.
Deletion of data input is performed by pressing the
CLEAR key.
If analogue input is used, via a proportional rotary
module connected to the AUX socket, for selection of
the characters, special symbols will be available in
additional to capital letters and numbers, for dressing
up a names.
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Idle trim is permanently allocated to control function 1
(throttle) and permits precision adjustments of idle
RPM to be performed without affecting full throttle
adjustments.
Code 18 enables the pilot to adapt idle trim to the
direction of operation of the throttle stick he uses.
After calling the code, the direction of operation (push
or pull) can be reversed by pressing the INC and
DEC keys. The currently active adjustment is shown
on the display in a stylised control stick which
indicates idle stick position.
Idle trim can be switched to normal trim – bi-
directional effect – by pressing the CLEAR key.
Code 23
Switch Function
Allocation of External Switches to Model Types 1 – 5
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External switches installed and connected to plug
stations 1 – 8 are allocated to specific functions via
code 23. Some of these functions can be activated
and de-activated in the process. Allocation can be
performed either as per the mechanical mode of
operation of the switch (open = OFF, closed = ON) or
by pole reversal (open = ON, closed = OFF).
In addition to physically existing switches a logical
“phantom switch” is available, designated numeral 9.
By allocation of this switch one of the functions can
be permanently switched on or off, respectively.
Allocation and pole reversal of external switches
After calling code 23, the functions available for the
active model will appear on the upper line of the
display, with the allocated switches appearing on the
line below. Numerals indicate the switches wired to
the corresponding plug stations.
N means that the function in question is de-activated.
Flashing numerals indicate that the switch concerned
has been allocated with reverse polarity. The small
arrow (upper line) indicates the function to which the
switch can be allocated at the present time. It can be
moved to the right or left by pressing the INC and
DEC key, respectively.
As not all of the available functions can be shown at
the same time on the display, the latter can be moved
– window style – over the two lines, showing the
allocations. When the arrow points to the outermost
right function, the next function will appear in the
display when the INC key is pressed. They can be
scrolled left by pressing the DEC key. In this
manner any of the functions can be displayed.
To allocate the selected functions press the CLEAR
key. As a result a question mark symbol will appear
on the lower line. To switch be may allocated by
pressing keys 1 … 9 . If the switch is to be reversed,
the DEC key has to pressed first.
If a de-activatable, currently active function is
selected, pressing the CLEAR key will first de-
activate the function, pressing the CLEAR key a
second time will display the question mark symbol.
The type and number of functions, to which switches
can be allocated via code 23, depends on the
activated model type (code 58).
Available functions for model types 1…5
CLK Stopwatch in standard mode, runs as long as
switch is closed.
DI1 Differentiation switch 1 (see code 22)
DI2 Differentiation switch 2 (see code 22)
PRG Activation of automatic program (code 66)
THR Throttle reduction (code 17)
Using code 73 the switch position, number and
direction of operation of the desired switch can
be found quickly and reliably.
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↑↑
4 x INC 4 x DEC
↓↓
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Selection of individual functions - Stopwatch
ENTER 2 3 ENTER
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CLEAR
↓↓
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↓↓
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ENTER
Code 37 Code 43 Code 11
Signal Generator Allocation V-Tail Servo Reverse
Allocation of Operating Elements Channels 5 – 9 V-Tail Mixer Reversing Direction of Servo Rotation
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In some cases, for individual models, it may be
desirable to have certain operating elements, such as
slider-type potentiometers or channel switches affect
other function outputs than those to which they have
been allocated by the internal connection.
Code 37 permits free choice of allocation of the
operating elements to the function outlets without
changing the internal connections. In addition it is
possible to have one operating element affect several
function outputs.
After selecting, the function inputs (operating
elements) appear in the upper line of the display
identified by the socket 5…9, and the output to which
they have been allocated appears in the lower line.
Signal generator 7 is, for example, the slider-type
potentiometer is connected to plug station 7.
To allocate one of the function inputs to another
operating element, select the function concerned by
one of the keys … 9 , whereupon a question mark
symbol appears in the lower line below the selected
function. Pressing key 5 … 9 allocates this function
to the desired operating element, which may have
also been allocated to another function, affecting both
functions in that case.
Normal allocation will be restored by pressing the
CLEAR key.
In the case that a signal generator action should be
undesirable, in special case such as a dummy mixer,
the signal generator concerned can be turned off via
code 72.
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With models fitted with a V-tail the functions of
elevator and rudder are mixed in a such a manner
that in the case of the elevator both control surfaces
are moved up and down (in the same direction), but in
opposite directions (one up, one down) the case of
rudder. Unlike mechanical solutions where the
elevator servo and the rudder servo actuate both
surfaces via a suitable mechanical mixer, each
control surface is operated by a separate servo. This
solution provides the advantage that control of the V-
tail is slop-free and accurate, and that in addition,
higher control forces are available.
The V-tail mixer can be used for all types of models,
naturally with the exception of helicopters (types 8
and 9) and Deltas and flying wing models (type 3) as
in these case elevator function and aileron function
are mixed anyway.
After calling code 43, the V-tail mixer can be turned
on via the INC and DEC keys, and turned off by
pressing CLEAR .
The elevator/rudder mix ration can be modified via the
dual-rate adjustment, code 13.
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Code 11 permits changing the direction of rotation of
servo to those required in a model, so the linkages
etc., can be installed without paying attention to the
initial direction of rotation of the servos in question.
After calling code 11, the direction of rotation of all
servos will be simultaneously indicated on the display
by their numbers 1…9 with the numbers appearing in
the bottom line indicating normal rotation, and those
appearing in the upper line indicating reversed
rotation.
Important:
The numerals of the servo designation always refer to
the receiver outlet to which the servo is connected.
Any conformity with the numbering of the control
function inputs of the transmitter would be purely
coincidental. They won’t occur normally because of
the complex special programs of these hi-tech
models. For that reason a change of allocation of
control functions (code 57) won’t affect the numbering
and direction of rotation of the servos.
Code 15 Code 12 Code 19
Neutral Adjust Servo Travel Adjust Servo Travel Restrict
Adjusting the Servo Neutral Position Adjusting Servo Travel Limiting Servo Travel
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For adjusting servos which do not comply to normal
standards (servo neutral 1.5ms) and for extreme
requirements, the neutral position can be adjusted
within a range of ±88% of normal servo travel.
After calling the servo concerned via keys 1 … 9 ,
the servo neutral position can be adjusted with the
INC and DEC keys; pressing CLEAR restores the
initial normal neutral position.
This adjustment refers directly to the servo concerned
and is independent of all other trim options.
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Code 12 permits adjustment of servo travel for either
side of motion independently. The range of
adjustment is 0 – 150% of normal servo travel.
Important:
Unlike code 16, changing the signal generator, these
adjustments refer directly to the servo concerned,
independent of the source of the signal for the servo –
be it control stick or any of the mixer functions.
After calling code 12 and input of the servo concerned
using keys 1 … 9 , the travel of the selected servo
will be indicated, with a prefix + or – indicating the
side. For adjustment and display, the operating
element (control stick, slider, rotary control or switch)
has to be moved to the end station in question. The
desired servo travel can then be adjusted with the
INC and DEC keys, and may be reset to default
travel (100%) by pressing CLEAR .
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As a result of the cumulative action of mixers, the
resulting deflection of servos may exceed the normal
travel range. All Graupner servos feature a reserve of
an additional 50% of the normal range. The
transmitter restricts motion to 150% to prevent stalling
the servos by mechanical constraints.
In certain cases it may prove advantageous to have
servo travel limiting to become operative at a lesser
servo travel, if for example, deflection is limited
mechanically and the servo range normally used in
flight must not be restricted unnecessarily, but
unacceptably large travel might result from extreme
combinations.
Code 19 permits adjusting the travel limiter threshold
in 16 steps between 9 – 150% of normal control
range, individually for each channel and each side of
neutral. To this end, the desired channel has to be
called first, by using keys 1 … 9 , followed by shifting
the stick, slider, etc., to the desired end point. The
travel limit can then be adjusted via the INC and
DEC keys.
Code 79 Code 16 Code 31
Servo Slow Down Signal Generator Setting Channel 1 Centre
Slowing-Down Transit Time Changing Control Travel Throttle/Spoiler Actuating Curve
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In some special cases, such as retracts, the normally
fast transit time of a servo does not look right.
With code 79, the transit time of a servo connected to
any of the channels may be slowed-down from 0.5s to
30s when moving from one end point to the opposite
end point.
After activation of code 79, the desired channel has to
be selected using keys 1 … 9 .
Transit time is slowed down by the INC key, with
steps being very small for short transit times and
larger with longer ones. Below 1.5s the steps are so
small that the display only changes after several
steps. In all some 50 intermediate values are
provided. Pressing the DEC key reduces the transit
time and the CLEAR key cancels the deceleration
completely.
This function is not compatible with retract servos
such as G503 (order N° 3977) and C2003
(order N° 3890).
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Control travel resulting from actuating an operating
element on function inputs 6 – 8 is adjusted by code
16.
The range of adjustments amounts to 0 – 150% of the
normal range. Unlike code 12 (servo travel adjust),
these adjustments refer to the operating element
(slider, rotary control or switch) independent of the
latter acting directly on a single servo or via a
complex mixing and coupling function on several
servos.
After calling code 16 and input of the function
concerned via keys 6 … 8 , the adjusted control
range will be indicated with a prefix + or – indicating
the side. For adjustment and display the operating
element concerned has to be moved to the end point
in question. The control range is then adjusted using
the INC and DEC keys, or set to the normal (100%)
via the CLEAR key.
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Code 31 permits changing the characteristics of the
servo connected to channel 1 (throttle/spoiler) at
neutral position of the stick without affecting the end
position.
This setting can be used to compensate for non-linear
throttle response, or to intentionally obtain a non-
linear function of the spoilers, for example.
After calling code 31 adjustment of servo travel is
performed using the INC and DEC keys, while
directional changes can be made via the TURN key.
Code 34 Code 13 Code 14
DR/EX Switch DUAL RATE EXPONENTIAL
Dual Rate / Exponential Switch Allocation Adjustable Servo Throw Reduction Progressive Control Characteristics
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The switches for the dual-rate and exponential
functions are allocated using code 34. In doing so it is
possible to trigger several control functions
simultaneously without using multi-function switches.
Due to the possibility of reversing switch functions via
the DEC key, dual-rate and exponential can be
coupled with ant other function switch.
Allocation and reversing of external switches
After calling the designations of the control functions
will appear in the upper line of the display for dual-
rate and exponential, with the allocated switches
concerned in the lower line. The small arrow in the
upper line indicates whether the allocation for dual-
rate or exponential is being performed, and it’s
position can be changed using the INC and DEC
keys.
Allocation of the switches is performed by pressing
the key for the input function ( 2 … 4 ) followed by the
switch number, if necessary pressing DEC first to
reverse the switch polarity.
After all allocations have been made, press ENTER
to store the settings.
Using code 73, switch position, the number and
orientation of the switches can be found quickly and
reliably.
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The dual-rate function permits in-flight switching of
control characteristics, with the range of adjustment
being variable between 0 – 125% of the normal range
for each of the two switch positions. The switched
must have been allocated beforehand using code 34.
Dual rate refers directly to the corresponding stick
function, independent of whether it affects a single
servo or, optionally via complex mixing and coupling
functions, several ones.
After calling code 13 the desired control functions can
be selected via keys 2 … 4 :
2 = Ailerons
3 = Elevator
4 = Rudder
Adjustments of the control curve are performed using
the INC and DEC keys after the switch has been
moved to the appropriate position (P0/P1).
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Exponential control permits obtaining sensitive control
of a model near the neutral position of the function
concerned, whilst maximum travel remains
unaffected. The degree of progression can be
adjusted from 0 to 100%, with 0 corresponding to
normal linear travel.
The three control functions ailerons, elevator and
rudder can be switched from linear to progressive
control using switches, which have been allocated by
code 34 beforehand, or from one progressive
adjustment to another progressive one.
These adjustments refer directly to the corresponding
stick function, no matter whether it affects a single
servo or, optionally via complex mixing and coupling
functions, several ones.
After calling code 14 the desired control functions can
be selected via keys 2 … 4 :
2 = Ailerons
3 = Elevator
4 = Rudder
Adjustments of the control curve are performed using
the INC and DEC keys after the switch has been
moved to the appropriate position. (P0/P1)
In some cases linking the two functions of dual-rate
and exponential may make sense. This is achieved
by using the same switch when allocating the dual-
rate and exponential switches using code 34.
Code 35 Code 59
Trim Reduction Trim Data Memory
Reducing Trim Range Storing Trim Data
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When using dual-ate and/or exponential, trim may in
some cases, not appear sensitive enough because of
the ratchet steps. Code 35 permits reducing the trim
action tom 50% independently for each control
function.
After calling code 35, the display will indicate the
control functions using normal trim in the upper line,
and reduced trim in the lower line. Using keys 1 … 4
permits switching the functions between the two
options.
1 = Throttle
2 = Ailerons
3 = Elevator
4 = Rudder
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Code 59 is used for storing actual trim data. It can be
used in addition to display trim data stored in the
memory. After calling the display will show the
following message.
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From here, branching occurs to the functions of “Trim
Storage” or “Display of Stored Trim Data”.
a) Trim Storage
To store actual trim data, press the STORE key. As
a result, the display will show
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Throttle Aileron Elevator Rudder
with the lower line indicating the positions of the trim
levers as a deviation from the neutral position. With
the aid of the display the trim levers are then shifted
to the neutral position, a step which does not change
the trim positions of the model. By pressing the
ENTER trim data storage process is terminated and
the previous in-flight established tri data now
corresponds to the mechanical neutral setting of the
trim levers.
Important:
In normal cases the trim lever for idle trim should not
be changed, as the indicated value does not
represent a value which has been established in
flight, but a random value for the idle trim position. If a
larger deviation from normal value has been stored
for function 1 (throttle), this will lead to malfunction of
the idle trim. When in doubt the stored trim data for
function 1 should be displayed and, if necessary,
deleted as described below.
b) Display of trim data memory
If the CLEAR key is pressed instead of the ENTER
key the stored trim data of each function can be
displayed now using keys 1 … 4 and if necessary
deleted (returned to 0) by pressing the CLEAR key.
The trim values are:
1 = Throttle
2 = Ailerons
3 = Elevator
4 = Rudder
The deletion of trim memories should preferably be
performed for all of the functions prior to entering the
data for a new model, so the same range will be
available for storing trim data in any direction when
test-flying that model.
Code 94
Copying
Model Copying Functions
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Code 94 permits copying model data form one model
to another one, and also via an external interface of a
transmitter to another mc-18 transmitter.
With the aid of a separately available PC adapter,
order N° 8181, it is also possible to transfer either
individual model adjustments data or the complete
contents of the memory of the transmitter (all models)
into a personal computer compatible with industrial
standards via the serial interface of the latter, saving it
there on a disk for possible re-transfer to the
transmitter (or some other transmitter).
A special cable, order N° 4180, will be required for
the transfer to another mc-18 transmitter, which has
to be plugged into the connection socket for the
PROFITRIM module of both transmitters.
After activation of code 94, the transmitter expects the
input of the model memory of which a copy is to be
produced. This is achieved either by input of the
model number or by skimming through the list of
models using the INC and DEC keys. The selection
is then made by pressing the ENTER key. Then the
model memory, into which the copy is to be produced,
is selected in the same manner. The copying process
is triggered by pressing the ENTER key, with all
previously stored data being transferred to the model
memory, into which the data is copied. If the name of
the model the data of which is being copied has been
entered, this name will also be transferred to the
copy, but with a + symbol added to the last letter of
the name to distinguish it from the original.
For safety’s sake, model memories that are active at
the moment must not be copied!
When copying from one transmitter to another, or to a
personal computer, selection is performed by keys
INC and DEC , with “external interface” for source
at the receiving transmitter, and as target for the
sending transmitter. In addition, the “all-models
memory” option is available, which permits
transferring all model memories simultaneously. In
that case, the options of both units have to be set
accordingly. The transfer process should be initiated
by the receiving unit via the ENTER key, followed by
the sending one.
Copying between two mc-18 transmitters
Using the programming interface mc-18/mc-18 (order
N° 4180) single model and all models memories can
be copied between two mc-18 transmitters. For
example, please refer to pages 54/55.
In the case of transmitters with the extended memory
(for 30 models), on deletion (code 56) and when
copying (code 94) a back-up copy of that memory will
be made onto which the copy is transferred or which
is being deleted. This permits reversing accidental
deletion or overwriting of model adjustments, this
back-up copy being copied onto a normal memory
station. Just call code 94 as usual and input “from
model” memory station 31. For copying examples
between two mc-18 transmitters refer to pages 54/55.
Data Exchange to and from Personal Computers
Precise instructions are given in the disk included in
the programming interface mc-18/PC (order N° 4181).
Code 22
Differential
Aileron Differential in Type 2 – 7 Models
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Differentiation of ailerons serves to correct an
undesirable effect called “adverse yaw”. With equal
throws on ailerons the drag of the lowered aileron is
higher than the drag created by the raised one. The
resulting moment about the vertical axis acts in
opposite direction to the planned direction of flight. If
a model tries to turn to starboard (right) under the
action of the ailerons, higher drag is generated on the
port (left) side, causing the model to bank to
starboard, yet yawing left about the vertical axis at the
same time. This effect which us much more apparent
with sailplanes, with their high aspect ratio wings and
resulting longer lever arms as compare to power
models, normally has to be compensated for by
simultaneous deflection of rudder, which increases
drag still more and impairs flight performance.
In the case of differential ailerons the downward
movement of an aileron is less than the upward
movement of the opposing aileron. This results in the
drag being equal on both sides and in the
cancellation of the negative jawing moment.
Mechanical solutions usually require permanent
adjustments to be made during the assembly of the
model, and in the case of high differential ratios may
well introduce slop into the control system.. Electronic
differential offers great advantages; each of the
ailerons is operated by a separate servo, permitting
the ailerons servo to be installed in the wing, ensuring
slop free and reproducible adjustments even with 2
piece wings.
The ratio of differential can be adjusted as required
via the downward deflection without affecting upward
deflection permitting complete suppression of
downward motion (Split) in extreme cases. In this
manner, one can not only cancel the negative yawing
motion moment, but even generate a positive one. In
this latter case, operation of the ailerons will make the
model yaw towards the direction of turn, permitting
even large sailplanes to perform smooth turns on
ailerons alone, which would not be possible
otherwise.
The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module permits storing
three different differential ratios which can be called
up via allocated switches via code 23. Use of a
external differential switch, order N° 4160/22, with
three positions is recommended. This permits
switching between the three differential values, e.g.
switch position 0 = 20% differential used for
aerobatics to allow precision rolls, switch position 1 =
50% for assisting the model during thermalling, and
finally switch position 2 = 100% (split) for performing
turns on ailerons alone at the slope.
After input of code 22, the number of the differential
memory (0 – 2) and the stored value in % will appear
in the lower line of the display, with 0% representing
the standard installation (no differential) and 100%
the split function. After changing the switch position
into the required position, the desired value can be
set via the INC and DEC keys. Resetting to the
normal setting (0%) is performed by pressing the
CLEAR key.
Code 17 Code 66
Throttle Reduction Automatic Program
Switchable, Single-Sided Throttle Throw Reduction Automatic Flight Manoeuvre for Type 1 – 5 Models
28
R
E
D
U
C
E
D
T
H
R
O
T
T
L
E
F
U
L
L
V
A
L
U
E
1
0
0
%
Code 17 permits programming a reduction of the
carburettor control range, switchable by an external
switch allocated by code 23. The effects corresponds
to a dual rate function for channel 1, the neutral point
of which is not located at the stick neutral, but at one
of the end points. This options permits the avoidance
of exceeding a critical carburettor opening when the
throttle stick is in the full throttle position or falling
below a set carburettor opening, although the stick is
on the lower stop.
After calling code 17, the lower line of the display will
either show the word OFF, indicating that the switch
allocated by code 23 is in the OFF position, or if the
switch is in the ON position, it will show the adjusted
value. The stylised stick right of “FULL” indicates that
position of the throttle stick, where throttle reduction is
to become effective. It can be reversed by pressing
the TURN key. Servo throw can be adjusted in that
direction via the INC and DEC keys, in % of normal
throw. The end position of the throttle servo at the
opposite end remains unchanged.
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
-
A
U
T
O
M
.
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
3
O
F
F
Prior to programming a switch has to be allocated by
code 23. After its activation, channel 1 – 4 data for
four different aerobatic manoeuvres (frequently Barrel
Rolls, Snap Rolls) can be programmed and called via
button while the letter is pressed down and hold.
Programmed mix functions, if any, having their inlets
at one of channels 1 – 4 will react as if the stick
concerned had been moved to the programmed
position. Channel trim remains effective in the normal
manner, even when activated programmed position.
Selection of stored manoeuvres is performed via two
switches wired to connections A and B as follows:
Switch A Switch B Manoeuvre
ON ON 0
OFF ON 1
ON OFF 2
OFF OFF 3
Activation of a selected manoeuvre is performed by
an intermediate switch (order No. 4160/11) wired to
connection C, or via a momentary button.
As a precaution against accidental activation of a
manoeuvre, a switch can be allocated by code 23,
preferably a locking safety switch (order No. 4147/1).
This safeguarding measure can be dispensed with
though if this function remains permanently activated
by the setting in code 23.
On calling code 66, “INH” will appear on the lower line
of the display if no switch has been allocated by code
23, or the allocated switch has not been turned on.
If the button at position C has not been pressed, the
display will read:
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
-
A
U
T
O
M
.
P
R
O
G
R
A
M
N
O
F
F
Symbol ‘n’ indicates manoeuvre 0 – 3, which has
been selected by switches A + B.
If button C is pressed, the display will read
1
:
+
0
%
2
:
+
0
%
3
:
+
0
%
4
:
+
0
%
In each case the arrow indicates that control function
the setting of which can be changed. The selection is
performed with keys 1 … 4 . Keys INC and DEC
permit adjustment of the magnitude of control surface
deflection, while key 7 reverses the direction of
deflection. Using key 8 the selected control can be
set to follow the relevant control stick, while the other
servos occupy their programmed positions. In this
case the display will read “VAR” instead of a
percentage value.
Code 63
Channel 1 Switch
Automatic Channel 1 Dependent Switch (Throttle/Spoiler)
29
C
H
1
-
S
W
I
T
C
H
=
?
For special functions it is desirable not to perform
switching by an external switch, but automatically via
the channel 1 stick (throttle and spoiler), whereby
exceeding a critical stick position provides switch
position ON, while falling below provides switch
position 0, or vice versa.
The threshold point can be placed anywhere along
the stick travel and the modeller can decide whether
the upper or lower portion is to activate switch
position to the ON state. The automatic switch is
allocated to one of the external switch connectors
(1…8) whereby it is unrestrictedly included into the
free programmability of the external switches via
codes 23, 33 and 34.
If a normal switch is also wired to this connection, the
two switches (e.g. the external switch and the
automatic one) will be wired in parallel. With reversal
of polarity being possible with either type of switch,
logical links between the two of them can be realised.
“AND“ Link
Both switches must be closed so the connected
function(s) can be performed.
“OR” Link
The connected function(s) is (are) performed when
either switch is closed.
As a result the external switch may be used to
perform automatic switch over by the stick. By
including the automatic switch into a free allocation of
external switch any combination of functions can be
switched in dependency of the control stick position.
So, by turning on the correspondingly programmed
misers, flaps can be lowered when throttling the
engine and the elevator re-trimmed (Auto-Landing), or
dual-rates may be switched to increase control
surface throw in the landing approach at reduced
speed. Pilots of electric flight models can turn the
timer on and off via the automatic switch for checking
motor run synchronously with the main drive motor.
Programming:
After calling, via code 63, the transmitter, as in the
above display, indicates it is waiting for the input of
the external switch connection (1…8), to which the
automatic switch is to be allocated. After the
connection number (e.g. “6”) has been input the
display will read like:
C
H
1
- S
W
I T
C
H
=
6
=
C
H
1
S
=
P
6
=
Here the interaction of the automatic switch and a
possibly connected external switch is shown. The
stylised control stick at the left of the lower line
indicates the direction of deflection of the
throttle/spoiler stick with the switch in the open
position. Direction can be reversed by hitting the
TURN key.
The switch state (open or closed) of the channel 1
switch is indicated in the centre of the lower line. By
moving the stick the function can be checked and the
threshold point be adjusted. To do this the stick is
moved to the position at which switching is to occur,
then press the STORE key.
The right end of the lower line displays the switch
state of a switch wired to its allocated external switch
connection.
The interaction of the external switch and automatic
channel 1 switch is displayed at the right end of the
upper line of the display.
The allocation of the channel 1 switch is cancelled by
pressing the CLEAR key.
Code 51, 33, 61 and 71
Free Program Mixer
Programming Mixers and Dummy Mixers
30
In addition to the available mix and coupling
functions, all model programs provide a number of
freely programmable mixers. In the case of type 1 - 3
models nine mixers are at the disposal of the user,
types 4 and 5 have four mixers available, for F3B
types 6 and 7 a total of seven, and for the helicopter
types 8 and 9 there are four mixers available.
The mixers link an input signal to an outlet signal, with
allocation performed by code 51. As any optional
control function can be fed as an inlet signal, the
outlet signal affects any desired control channel, not a
control function. Distinguishing between these two
terms is of utmost importance. Control function refers
to the outlet signal of an operating element, that is a
stick with or without trim, slider, rotary control or a
channel switch, which in the course of the ensuing
action passes through all the mix and coupling
functions of the model program. A control channel is
the outlet signal for a specific receiver connection,
which until it arrives at the servo can only be affected
by throw adjust, neutral point adjust, throw reduction
or control surface reversing.
Mixers may also be switched in series for special
applications, which is say that in addition to the
control function proper all other preceding mixers can
also be used as inlet functions. All F3B mixers (see
F3B programs) and all freely programmable mixers
with a lower number are considered as preceding
mixers.
To give you an idea, imagine that instead of a control
function (see above) the outlet signal of a control
channel is used as the input function of the mixer
before it passes through throw adjust, neutral point
adjust, throw reduction or servo reversing.
Each of the freely programmable mixers can be
turned on and off by one of the switches allocated
using code 33.
Vital parameters of the mixers are the mix quotas
which determine how strongly the inlet signal affects
the control channel wired to the outlet of the mixer.
They also set the direction of the mixed signal and the
neutral point of the mixer, that is the point on the
control characteristic curve of the inlet signal where
the mixer does not affect the control channel wired to
the outlet (normally this will be the neutral point of the
control stick).
In the case of freely programmable mixers, these
parameters can be adjusted over a wide range. The
neutral point can be shifted to any desired point of the
control throw of the operating element wired to the
inlet (the distance from neutral point is called the
OFFSET). The mixing ratios can also be adjusted in
both directions above and below the neutral point,
either in symmetrical (code 61) or asymmetrical
(code 71) fashion. The mix direction can also be set
for both sides using codes 61 and 71 by setting the
values as + or -.
As a single control function can serve as inlet for an
optional number of mixers, and any number of mixers
may affect a control channel, the freely programmable
mixers permit achievement of special, highly complex,
applications.
DUMMY Mixer:
A so called dummy function may also be allocated as
an inlet signal, that is a control function that is not
available as a true operating element, but provides a
consistent control signal. In this manner it is possible
to make use of a control channel as an operating
element by allocating a dummy mixer and having the
outlet of the mixer affect the channel concerned.
Throw of the switch is then adjusted by the mix quota
and mix direction of the dummy mixer. A dummy
mixer also permits mixing an additional constant trim
signal dependent on a switch allocated by code 33.
Practical Example of a Dummy Mixer
An external switch is wired to socket 1, switches a
servo connected to receiver output 8,for example
operating a glider tug release device.
Programming Sequence:
1. Reset mixer from 0 to 8 via code 51. Inlet function
0 is obtained by pressing the INC key.
2. Input mix quota and direction via codes 61 and
71.
3. Allocate external switch to socket 1 via code 33.
31
1. Channel Allocation (Code 51)
To program a mixer first call code 51, via which the
channels to be linked are determined.
On the display then appears “MIX ?”, asking the
operator to input the number of the mixer to be used.
After the number has been input, the display changes
to:
M
I
X
1
I
N
H
With INH meaning Inhibited.
This indicates that the mixer is not yet active,
otherwise the numbers of the already allocated
control channels will be displayed instead of INH.
Start by entering the control functions by keys 1… 9 ,
which are to act is input signal of the mixer. If the
dummy mixer indicated by “0” is to be used press
INC , or if the preceding mixer is to be used as the
input press the DEC key before the input function
number, which will be indicated by an arrow in front of
the input channel. Then input the control channel
(=servo output) into which the signal will be mixed.
M
I
X
1
4
8
T
R
I
M
O
F
F
If, as in the example above, the input is one of the
control functions 1 – 4, it can be decided whether trim
is also to affect the mixer input or not. Pressing the
INC or DEC key will enable the trim, whilst pressing
the CLEAR key will disable it.
M
I
X
1
4
8
T
R
I
M
O
N
Channel allocation of the mixers is confirmed by the
ENTER key. Programming can be continued by
entering the next mixer number, or terminated by
pressing the ENTER key again.
2. Allocation and Polarity Reversal of External
Switches (Code 33)
A switch which allows the mixer to be turned on and
off is allocated to the mixer by code 33.
M
I
X
E
R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
W
I
T
C
H
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
The upper line indicates the mixer numbers, with the
allocated switches shown on the bottom line.
Switches are allocated by entering the number of the
mixer, whereupon a “?” appears in the lower line, and
then entering the desired switch number, the polarity
of which can be reversed by pressing the DEC key
first. The phantom switch “9” can be used, in which
case the mixer remains permanently on (basic setting
of all mixers). When in doubt, switch number and
switch position can be established quickly and reliably
using code 73.
3. Adjusting the Symmetrical Mix Quota
(Code 61)
If a symmetrical (common) mixer (in relation to the
neutral point) is required, the mix quota and direction
is set using code 61.
M
I
X
1
C
O
M
4
8
w
/
o
f
s
0
-
S
+
5
0
%
Mix quota is adjusted using the INC and DEC keys,
the process can be speeded up by pressing the 6 or
8 key, which increases or decreases the value in
steps of 10 respectively. The direction of mixing is
determined by the + or – prefix to the mix quota, and
can be changed by pressing the TURN key.
To alter the neutral point of the mixer, shift the
corresponding operating element (stick, etc.) into the
required position and press the STORE key. The
offset from the normal neutral point captured in this
way is transferred to the display.
Adjustment is confirmed by pressing the ENTER
key. Afterwards, further mixes can be adjusted by
entering their number, or the adjustment process
terminated by pressing the ENTER key again.
4. Adjusting the Symmetrical Mix Quota
(Code 71)
Code 71 permits adjusting separate mix quota and
mix directions for the two sides of the control function
at the mixer inlet.
M
I
X
1
S
E
P
4
8
w
/
o
f
s
0
-
S
+
2
8
%
The setting of the mix quota is performed in the same
way as for code 61 using the 6 , 8 , INC and DEC
keys. In this case the operating element has to be set
to the side requiring adjustment (displayed with the
prefix + or – ahead of “s”). The direction of mixing can
be adjusted separately for either side using the
TURN key. Neutral point offset is achieved by
moving the operating element of the control function
to the required position and capturing the value using
the STORE key.
Code 72 ALARM TIMER and Code 97
MIX-only Channel Stopwatch Stopwatch
Mix-only Channel Set-up Stopwatch
32
M
I
X
O
N
L
Y
C
H
n
o
Code 72 permits interrupting the normal direct signal
flow between the control function inlets and the
associated control channels at the outlet side. The
signal generators connected to the control function
inlets concerned will then affect the mixer inputs of
the channel in question, but not the allocated servo.
The latter can then be reached by mixers
programmed for their specific control channels. Using
this arrangement, it is possible to utilise the signal
generator and servo of one or more channels
independently of each other for optional special
functions.
It permits, for example in F3B model types to use
channel 1 via the dummy function of a special
functions mixer to operate “butterfly mode”, controlled
by the throttle/spoiler stick, provided spoilers have not
been installed.
In the case where spoilers have been installed and
“butterfly mode” with or without spoilers is to be
provided for experimentation purposes, a mixer can
be operated in normal mode. With the aid of code 33,
this connection can be turned on and off. The same
applies to other applications.
Any channel can be switched between normal and
mix-only mode by keys 1… 9 . All channels can be
switch back to normal by pressing the CLEAR key.
The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module offers two
stopwatch functions.
1. Stopwatch with normal display (hours,
minutes and seconds).
2. Timer alert, with seconds display.
One of these options can be selected for each model
program.
A stopwatch, once programmed, will appear on the
lower line of the display each time the transmitter is
turned on, it does not need to be called over and over
again. Once triggered the stopwatch will continue to
run even when inputs are made during its operation
via the keyboard.
Stopwatch with normal display.
The stopwatch with normal display may be
programmed by allocating a switch to function “CLK”
using code 23. A prerequisite is that the alarm timer
(code 97) is not activated. The clock will then run as
long as the allocated switch is closed. Using the
CLEAR key it can be reset to 0.00.00 when not
running (if running the transmitter switches to list of
codes mode of operation). By this programmable
switch allocation, the stopwatch function may be
coupled with the tow hook, permitting the exact
duration of flight (starting from release of the tow-line)
to be recorded.
T
I
M
E
R
6
0
0
s
e
c
A
L
A
R
M
3
0
s
e
c
After calling code 97, the message “TIMER OFF” will
appear on the display. The timer is activated by the
INC or DEC key, whereby the stopwatch, possibly
programmed by code 23, will be turned off. The alarm
timer can be deactivated by the CLEAR key. Timer
run can be adjusted on the upper line of the display in
10 second increments using the INC and DEC
keys. In the lower line a point of time can be set
when, prior to the expiration of the return time, an
acoustic signal alerts the flyer. The arrow at the right
hand end of the display indicates which time can
currently be adjusted, and is moved by pressing the
TURN key.
After the set time has run down to 0, it is indicated by
a longer acoustic signal. The timer continues to run,
so that the time beyond 0 can be read.
Start/Stop instructions can be given by keys 2 and
3 respectively, or via an intermediate switch (order
No. 4160/11) connected to plug station CLK, or a kick
button (order No. 4144).
If a switch for the timer has been allocated by code
23, operation of the alarm timer will be performed
exclusively by that switch.
Acoustic Signal Sequence:
100s before zero: every 5 seconds
20s before zero: every 2 seconds
10s before zero: every second
0s Extended Signal
A + symbol on the display indicates that the time
shown is that beyond zero. The maximum timer
capacity is 900 seconds beyond zero.
Code 98 Code 77
Operating Timer FAIL SAFE
Transmitter Operating Timer Programming the Fail Safe
33
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8
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1
I
N
T
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G
.
T
4
:
2
7
:
5
4
The operating timer displays the time the transmitter
has been switched on and monitors the transmitter
power supply.
After the batteries have been charged, could 98
should therefore be called and indicated time reset to
0 by pressing the CLEAR key.
The operating time is then measured whilst the
transmitter power switch is on. This permits the
cumulative operating time to be displayed at any
moment by calling code 98.
m
c
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1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
F
A
I
L
S
A
F
E
H
O
L
D
This is possible only in PCM mode with mc-18
receivers.
The inherently higher operational reliability of Pulse
Code Modulation (PCM) as compared to the simpler
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) results from the
ability of the micro-processor installed in the receiver
to recognise when a received signal has been
corrupted or stopped by outside interference.
In such cases, the receiver automatically replaces the
false signal with the last correctly received one stored
in the receiver. In this manner interference of short
duration will be eliminated.
In the case of longer lasting disturbance of the
transmissions, the operator may choose between two
options:
1. HOLD
The servos hold that position which corresponds to
the last correctly received signal, until the receiver
manages to receive a new intact signal again.
2. FAILSAFE
The servos move a pre-set position until an
acceptable signal is again received by the receiver.
The delay, determining the time from loss of signal to
the triggering of the fail-safe program, can be
adjusted in three steps (1.0s, 0.5s and 0.25s), to
allow for different model speeds.
After calling code 77, switching can be performed by
the INC key between HOLD, FS 1.0s, FS 0.5s and
FS 0.25s. To record the positions for the servos the
control functions have to be moved to the required
positions at the transmitter, then press the STORE
key. This step stores the current adjustments as the
fail-safe settings, which are transferred at regular
intervals to the receiver. The receiver stores these
fail-safe values for use in the case of signal loss.
Fail-safe adjustments can be overwritten at any time,
even in flight, by calling code 77 and changing the
current transmitter fail-safe data by pressing the
STORE key.
Code 78 Code 88 Code 99
FAIL SAFE BAT Input Lock Transmitter Lock
Activating Battery Fail-Safe Code Lock for Keyboard Input Numerical Transmitter Lock
34
m
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8
E
M
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L
1
B
A
T
T
F
.
S
.
O
F
F
The automatic battery fail-safe serves to warn the
pilot of dropping receiver battery voltage and to give
him a chance to avoid an impending crash caused by
depleted receiver batteries.
As soon as the voltage at the receiver battery drops
below a predetermined value, a servo permanently
allocated to the battery fail-safe function and acting as
an indicator of the imminent depletion of the receiver
power supply will be actuated. In the case of a fixed-
wing model program, this will be the servo wired to
channel 1 (throttle). For helicopter programs it will be
channel 8, which could for example be used for
switching on the lights, etc.
For the position, to which the servo will be shifted,
three different values may be programmed:
+75% Three-quarter deflection in one direction
0% Servo neutral position
-75% Three-quarter deflection in the opposite
direction
When checking adjustments, the servo position
display (code 74) will prove helpful.
The fail-safe display can be cleared again by
actuating the operating element concerned for a
moment (e.g. throttle stick for fixed-wing) and the
servo can then be controlled in the normal manner. A
model should be landed straight away after the
battery fail-safe has been indicated. After code 78 has
been called the display will read “BATT F.S. OFF”.
Pressing the INC key activates the battery fail-safe
and permits selecting the display position of the servo
in sequential order –75%, 0%, +75%, OFF. Pressing
clear will switch off the battery fail-safe immediately.
K
E
Y
B
O
A
R
D
L
O
C
K
p
u
s
h
k
e
y
1
-
9
The input lock prevents changes of transmitter
settings by unauthorised persons or accidental
pressing of the input keys. The lock does not prevent
unimpaired use of the transmitter when flying models
using the elements activated, but no inputs will be
possible via the keyboard, hence a change of models
is not possible.
Activation of the keyboard lock is performed using
code 88 and entering an optional 3 figure combination
using keys 1… 9 , followed by the ENTER key.
The lock becomes effective by turning the transmitter
off and on again. After pressing the ENTER key, the
request “push key word” appears. Only after entering
the correct combination of numbers will the lock be
released. The lock remains released until the
transmitter is turned off, after which it will be active
and it has to be unlocked again.
The combination of numbers can be changed at any
time, after releasing the lock, by calling code 88 again
and entering the new combination.
To clear the input lock completely, the CLEAR key
has to be pressed instead of entering a combination.
The input has to be terminated by pressing the
ENTER key.
Please ensure you remember the combination you
set, or you will have to return the transmitter to
Graupner Service for decoding.
A
L
L
C
L
O
S
E
p
u
s
h
k
e
y
1
-
9
As a precaution against theft an electronic transmitter
lock can be enabled using code 99. It prevents the
putting the transmitter into operation unless the
correct combination of figures is input after turning the
transmitter on.
Activation of the transmitter lock is achieved by calling
code 99 and entering an optional 3 figure combination
using keys 1… 9 , followed by the ENTER key.
The lock becomes effective after the transmitter has
been turned off. On activation of the transmitter, the
request “push key word” will be displayed and it is
only after entering the correct combination of digits
that the lock will be released, permitting the
transmitter to be used. The keyboard, however,
remains locked as in the case of code 88. After
pressing the ENTER key, the request “push key
word” appears again and the correct combination
must be entered to obtain access to the settings.
The lock remains released until the transmitter is
turned off, after which it will be active and it has to be
unlocked again.
In the case where the combination entered for the
input lock (code 88) differs from the combination of
the transmitter lock (code 99), the combination of
numbers for code 99 will also apply to the input lock
and replace the figures previously entered into
code 88.
Code 76 Code 74
Servo Test Servo Position
Testing Servos 1 – 9 Display of Servo Position
35
When the lock has been released the combination of
digits can be changed at any time by calling code 99
and entering a new combination. To remove the lock
completely instead of entering a new combination, the
CLEAR key has to be pressed instead of entering a
combination. The input has to be terminated by
pressing the ENTER key.
For safety’s sake the lock has to be removed prior to
starting with flight operations! To this end, proceed as
follows:
Turn on the transmitter
Input the correct combination of digits
Press the ENTER key
Input the correct combination of digits again
Call code 99
Press keys ENTER CLEAR ENTER
Please ensure you remember the combination you
set, or you will have to return the transmitter to
Graupner Service for decoding.
m
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8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
E
N
T
E
R
=
S
E
R
V
O
T
E
S
T
To check all servos for proper function, check them
one after another by executing full deflections in both
directions, starting from the neutral position. After
calling code 76, the test program will be executed in
an endless loop until interrupted by pressing the
ENTER key. In this way, the receiver can be
checked over a longer period.
S
E
R
V
O
P
O
S
.
p
u
s
h
c
h
k
e
y
1
-
10
The actual position of each servo can be shown
exactly with the aid of code 74. In this manner, the
interaction of different mixers on a specific servo can
be determined with accuracy, and the operation of
throw reduction can be controlled. Battery fail-safe
(code 78) can also be checked.
For the simulation of battery fail-safe position relying
on the menu. The operating element for channel 1 or
channel 8 is adjusted to the percentage value set
using code 78, and the control surface throw checked
at the servo after calling code 74.
After calling the request for the selection of the control
channel to be checked will appear in the display. To
select the channel, use keys 1… 9 and INC (for
channel 10). After entering the channel number, the
lower line of the display will indicate after the channel
number, the exact servo position within a range of
±150% of the servo throw in either direction, with 0%
corresponding to the neutral position. Using keys 1…
9 and INC , other control channels can be displayed.
To terminate the display of servo position, press the
ENTER key.
The sole exception is the adjustable servo speed of
code 79 can not be displayed.
Code 73
Switch Position
Display of Switch Positions
36
F3B Programs (Model Types 6 and 7)
Universal Profi-Programs for competition flyers, and also for other models such
as large sailplanes featuring at
least 2 wing-mounted servos
S
w
i
t
c
h
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
For checking the installation of switches and their
connections to plug stations 1…8, the switch
positions of all external switched are indicated by
code 73, with an automatic channel 1 switch, possibly
programmed by code 63, being taken into account.
The display always refers to the actual mechanical
switch position of the switch concerned, independent
of its having possible been reversed by code 23, 33,
or 34.
Please Note:
In the case of mixers a closed switch will normally
turn off the mixer concerned, not on!
The F3B model programs (code 58, types 6 and 7)
have been developed for F3B class contest models in
close cooperation with renowned experts. The
competition program requires a model with three
different flight tasks, with only its ready to fly weight,
being permitted to be changed by adding or removing
ballast weights. Any other adjustments can only be
performed by remote control.
To be able to comply with these requirements, the
models of this contest normally feature plain flaps so
they can be adapted to the flight tasks of duration,
distance and speed, as well as the launch phase. In
addition they also servo as a landing aid. As a rule,
the flaps are lowered for take-off to generate as much
lift as possible, with the resulting drag being of little
importance as it is overcome by the towline winch
anyway. For hi-speed flight a slightly negative
deflection (meaning an upward one) may be
advantageous depending on the airfoil section, while
for distance flying the optimum angle of glide should
be found somewhere about the neutral setting of the
flaps.
For duration flying the lowest sinking rate will be
achieved by setting the flaps to a slightly positive
angle. That setting may have to reduced a bit for tight
circling flight in thermals and increased when
searching for thermals by flying wide circles to ensure
the optimum glide. On landing, the flaps are fully
deflected (positive) causing the airflow on the upper
surface to separate and increase drag, without
affecting the lift. This effect can be supplemented by
spoilers, if installed (in some cases spoilers are
dispensed with). Drag can be increased still more by
deflecting both ailerons upward in addition to the
extreme downward deflection of the flaps, this
combination results in a most effective control of glide
angle.
37
The latter set-up is also called “butterfly” or “crow”
function. In some cases separate ailerons and plain
flaps are replaced by one-piece full-span flaps, which
are simultaneously operated as ailerons and plain
flaps (called flaperons). Performance flying means
flying at very low drag, in any flight situation and
attitude, including turns and circling flight.
Lowest drag is achieved only when the airflow hits the
model head-on, that is when side-slipping (with the
flow having a component along the lateral axis) is
avoided. This condition is simplified by differential
ailerons used in conjunction with the aileron – rudder
mix, whereby the negative yawing moment is
compensated for. Additional mixers increase the
effect of the control surfaces (plain flaps – ailerons),
ensure uniform lift distribution (ailerons – plain flaps),
increase manoeuvrability (plain flaps – elevator) and
adjust elevator trim for deflection of the flaps.
In addition to the normal actuation of the plain flaps,
via slider-type potentiometer or a step switch, the F3B
programs offer storable pre-sets for plain flaps and
elevator adjustments for any flight task and for take-
off, all of which can be called via a switch. Which of
the operating elements is to be used for in-flight fine
tuning of the flaps settings can be determined
separately for any of the presets.
The change of the flap and elevator settings when
switching from one preset to another one is not made
abruptly, but achieved using separately adjustable
time constants. Other sensible options, such as
reduction of aileron differential (for butterfly function),
co-switchable PROFITRIM-module with optional
storing of adjustment data, etc., simplify handling of a
model for the demanding contest flyer and assist him
in his endeavour to achieve optimum performance.
The two F3B programs differ only in that model type 6
is meant for flaps which are operated by a common
servo, while each aileron is operated by a separate
servo (in all 3 wing-mounted servos), while type 7
refers to a set-up where each flap and aileron is
operated by its own servo (4 wing-mounted servos).
In the case of type 6, the flaps can be moved only in
unison, so the aileron flap mixer is omitted. All
other options are alike for type 6 and type 7, so the
two programs may be described together.
Model types 6 and 7 provide nearly all of the options
of types 1…5, with the sole difference that those
functions which are needed for power models only
are omitted, such as throttle reduction (code 17) and
automatic manoeuvre (code 66). As opposed to types
1…5, seven freely programmable mixers are
available for type 6 and 7. Code 23 (switch allocation)
takes the expansion of the F3B program into account
when compared to normal types.
In addition types 6 and 7 provide the following
functions (listed in sequential order of their
descriptions:
Code Display Meaning Page
23 SWITCH FUNCT. External Switch Allocation 38
52 STRT-SPD-DIST Flight Trim: Start, Speed, Distance 39
53 FLAP TRIM ASS Flap Trim Assignment 39
92 SMOOTH SWITCH Servo Transit Time Set -up 39
41 AILE RUDD Aileron to Rudder Mix 40
42 AILE FLAP Aileron to Flap Mix 40
49 FLAP AILERON Flap to Aileron Mix 40
91 AN. TRIM SW Set-up for PROFITRIM 42
48 FLAP ELEV Flap to Elevator Mix 42
47 ELEV FLAP Elevator to Flap Mix 42
44 BRK ELEV Spoiler to Elevator Mix 43
45 BRK FLAP Spoiler to Flap Mix 43
46 BRK AILERON Spoiler to Aileron Mix 43
54 DIFF REDUCT Reduction of Aileron Differential 43
Code 23
Switch Function
Allocation of External Switch in F3B Models
38
External switches installed and connected to the plug
connections 1…8 are allocated to specific functions
by code 23. Some of these functions can be activated
and de-activated. The allocation can be performed to
suit the mechanical mode of operation of the switch
(open = ON, closed = OFF) or by reversing (open =
OFF, closed = ON).
In addition to physically existing switches a logical
“phantom switch” is also available, designated switch
number 9. By allocating this switch to a function, it
can be permanently switched on or off.
As any number of functions may be allocated to any
of the switches, linkages can be achieved for which,
otherwise, mixers would have to be used, which in
this way remain available for other purposes.
Allocation and Pole Reversal of External Switches
After calling code 23, the functions available for the
active model will appear on the upper line of the
display, with the allocated switches appearing on the
line below. Numerals indicate the switches wired to
the corresponding plug stations.
N means that the function in question is de-activated.
Flashing numerals indicate that the switch concerned
has been allocated with reverse polarity. The small
arrow (upper line) indicates the function to which the
switch can be allocated at the present time. It can be
moved to the right or left by pressing the INC and
DEC key, respectively.
As not all of the available functions can be shown at
the same time on the display, the latter can be moved
– window style – over the two lines, showing the
allocations. When the arrow points to the outermost
right function, the next function will appear in the
display when the INC key is pressed. They can be
scrolled left by pressing the DEC key. In this
manner any of the functions can be displayed.
To allocate the selected functions press the CLEAR
key. As a result a question mark symbol will appear
on the lower line. To switch be may allocated by
pressing keys 1 … 9 . If the switch is to be reversed,
the DEC key has to pressed first.
If a de-activatable, currently active function is
selected, pressing the CLEAR key will first de-
activate the function, pressing the CLEAR key a
second time will display the question mark symbol.
The type and number of functions, to which switches
can be allocated via code 23, depends on the
activated model type (code 58).
Available functions for model types 6 and 7
CLK Stopwatch in standard mode, runs as long as
switch is closed.
DI1 Differentiation switch 1 (see code 22)
DI2 Differentiation switch 2 (see code 22)
2 4 Mixer Ailerons Rudder
3 6 Mixer Elevator Flaps
2 7 Mixer Ailerons Flaps
STA Pre-set for Start
SPD Pre-set for Speed task
STR Pre-set for Distance task
Selection of individual functions:
C
L
K
D
I
1
D
I
2
2
4
N
9
9
9
↑↑
4 x INC 4 x DEC
↓↓
3
6
2
7
S
T
A
S
P
D
9
9
9
9
↑↑
4 x INC 4 x DEC
↓↓
S
T
R
9
Using code 73 the switch position, number and
direction of operation of the desired switch can be
found quickly and reliably.
Code 52 Code 53 Code 92
TAKE-OFF, SPD, DIST Flap Trim Arrangement Switch Slow-Down
Pre-sets for the Flight Tasks Signal Generator Selection for the Flap Function Elevator / Flap Transit Time Slow-Down
39
S
T
A
R
T
F
L
A
P
+
5
8
E
L
E
V
+
7
Code 52 permits storing the flap and elevator settings
for Speed, Distance and for the Take-Off phases.
However, the allocation of the corresponding external
switches has to be performed first using code 23.
A possibly active aileron rudder mixer (code 41)
will automatically be switched off when the Speed
flight task is selected on.
For these adjustments the corresponding external
switch has to be actuated after calling code 52,
whereupon the values for elevator and flaps will be
displayed. Adjustments are made using the INC and
DEC keys, by pressing the TURN key the elevator
and flap adjustments can be changed and the value
set directly to 0 by the CLEAR key.
N
O
R
M
A
L
I
N
P
6
=
O
N
I
N
P
7
=
O
F
F
The operating elements for actuating the flaps can be
selected separately from the pre-set flight tasks
duration (normal), distance, speed and the start
phase. Operating elements can be slider-type, rotary
potentiometers or step switches, which are wired to
the plug stations for channel 6 and 7. Between the
two inlets a fundamental difference exists.
While the signal generator wired to channel input 6
also affects mixer code 48 (flap elevator), inlet 7
may be used for elevator independent flap trim. For
any of these four phases of flight you can select
whether the flaps function is to be performed by the
signal generator of channel 6 or 7, or by neither of
these. For example, you may actuate the flaps for the
duration phase by slider-type control 6, for distance
flight by a switch module providing three switch
positions, and for the start and speed phases
exclusively by the pre-set values without any further
adjustment being possible.
Adjustment
After calling code 53, a selection menu appears on
the display for the active flight phase concerned,
selected by actuating the external switch in question.
Using the INC and DEC keys you can switch the
values between ON and OFF, or the CLEAR key for
OFF. Using the TURN key permits swapping
between adjustment of channel 6 or 7. For selection
of another flight phase the corresponding switch has
to be actuated, whereupon the display will change
accordingly.
S
m
o
o
t
h
E
L
E
=
O
F
F
F
L
A
=
3
.
3
s
In order to avoid abrupt elevator and flap deflection
when switching between the pre-sets for the various
flight phases, the transit time of the servos for
elevator and flap can be adjusted separately, by
code 92, within the range 0.5s to 30s for full servo
throw. In the case of the elevator this slowing down is
effective only when switching from one flight phase to
another one, not in the course of normal control. In
the case of flaps it is permanently effective, so the
flaps can be operated smoothly with a 3 position
switch without jerking.
After calling code 92, the transit time can be adjusted
by the INC and DEC keys. For smaller delay values
the steps are very small and not every change will
show on the display. Steps increase in size as the
delay value increases. By pressing the CLEAR key
the slow-down is cancelled, while pressing the
TURN key swaps between adjusting the elevator and
flaps setting.
Code 41 Code 42 Code 49
Aileron Rudder Aileron Flap Flap Aileron
Mixer Aileron Rudder Mixer Aileron Flap (for model type 7) Mixer Flap Aileron
40
A
I
L
E
R
U
D
D
+
3
3
%
Using code 41 the rudder can be affected, by an
adjustable amount, by the ailerons (particularly in
conjunction with aileron differential) to counteract the
negative yawing moment to achieve smooth circling
flight. The rudder remains fully controllable by the
rudder stick. The mixer can be switched on and off by
an external switch allocated via code 23. For speed
flight (code 52) the mixer is, in principle, automatically
turned off.
After calling code 41, the mix quota can be adjusted
using the INC and DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the
6 or 8 key (in 10% steps), and set to 0 by pressing
the CLEAR key, with direction of the mix being
changed by pressing the TURN key.
A
I
L
E
F
L
A
P
+
5
5
%
An adjustable amount of aileron control can be mixed
into the flap channel, via code 42, so the flaps will be
deflected in the manner of the ailerons on operation
of the ailerons, though normally with lesser deflection.
The advantage of this arrangement is increased rate
of roll and reduced drag at the same rate of roll, as a
result of the reduced aileron deflection required and a
more uniform lift distribution along the span of the
wing. The mixer can be switched on and off by an
external switch set with code 23.
After calling code 42, the mix quota can be adjusted
using the INC and DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the
6 or 8 key (in 10% steps), and set to 0 by pressing
the CLEAR key, with direction of the mix being
changed by pressing the TURN key.
The trim mixer can be switched on and off by
pressing the 5 key.
F
L
A
P
A
I
L
E
o
f
s
-
7
3
+
s
+
4
5
%
An adjustable amount of flap control can be mixed
into the aileron channel, via code 49, so the ailerons
will be deflected in the manner of the flaps on
operation of the flaps, though normally with reduced
deflection. The advantage of this arrangement is
reduced drag and a more uniform lift distribution
along the span of the wing.
After calling code 49, the offset adjustments may be
performed first, that is the mixer has to been informed
which position to the operating element for the flaps
(normally a slider-type potentiometer in channel 6) will
occupy in normal flight (with the flaps in the neutral
position). To this end the operating element is set
accordingly and then the STORE key is pressed.
The offset from the neutral position is shown on the
lower line of the display).
The mix quota can be adjusted using the INC and
DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the 6 or 8 key (in
10% steps), and set to 0 by pressing the CLEAR
key, with direction of the mix being changed by
pressing the TURN key.
Code 49 permits adjusting unequal mix quota and
directions. In the course of programming the
operating element for the flaps has to be set to the
end required to be adjusted.
PROFITRIM-Module
41
The PROFITRIM external module (order No. 4109)
permits additional trimming of all flap and aileron
functions by four rotary trimmers. The latter are
allocated to the following functions:
1 = Aileron Trim (aileron function)
2 = Aileron Trim (flap function)
3 = Flap Trim (aileron function)
4 = Flap Trim (flap function)
The trimmers can be turned on and off singly or in
any desired combination, with their neutral positions
corresponding to the programmed settings.
On deactivation of the trimmers, the adjusted value
will be stored. It if thus possible to establish optimum
settings in flight with the trimmers turned on, and to
protect them against being accidentally changed
when turned off. These data values will only be stored
up to the next time the trimmer is turned on,
whereupon the initial reference point, set in the
course of programming will be re-established.
Trimmer 3 cannot be used in the case of type 6
models, since the flaps can only be driven in the
same direction.
Code 91 Code 48 Code 47
Activating PROFITRIM Flap Elevator Elevator Flap
Activating PROFITRIM Trim Correction on activation of Flap Mixer Elevator Flap
42
A
N
.
T
R
I
M
3
4
A
C
T
1
2
Works only with (code 58) model types 6 and 9.
The adjustment controls of the PROFITRIM are
turned on and off using code 91.
The upper line of the display shows the inactive
controls, the lower line showing the active ones. The
regulators are switched between on and off by
entering the control number ( 1 … 4 ), whereupon the
display will update accordingly.
In the case of type 6 models, control 3 (aileron trim of
flaps) can not be used, since they are moved by a
common servo and in the same direction only.
Actual setting can be stored by turning the control off,
but only until the next trim the regulator is turned on
again, whereupon the initial reference point, set in the
course of programming, will be re-established.
F
L
A
P
E
L
E
V
o
f
s
-
7
3
+
s
+
3
3
%
Code 48 permits programming automatic correction of
elevator trim on response to actuation of the flaps, so
the attitude of the model won’t be affected by the
position of the flaps.
After calling code 48, only the offset value can initially
be performed, which is to say that the mixer has to be
told which position the operating element for the flaps
(normally a slider-type control) will occupy in the
normal flight (with flaps at neutral position). To this
end the operating element concerned is set
accordingly and then the STORE key is pressed.
The offset from the neutral position is shown on the
lower line of the display).
The mix quota can be adjusted using the INC and
DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the 6 or 8 key (in
10% steps), and set to 0 by pressing the CLEAR
key, with direction of the mix being changed by
pressing the TURN key.
Code 48 permits adjusting unequal mix quota and
directions. In the course of programming the
operating element for the flaps has to be set to the
end required to be adjusted.
E
L
E
V
F
L
A
P
-
s
+
2
0
%
To assist the elevator when the model is circling
tightly or when performing aerobatics, the flap
function can be slaved to the elevator control using
mixer code 47. The flaps being deflected downwards
when up elevator is applied, and deflected upwards
with down elevator. Thanks to this arrangement it is
possible to have the flaps drop when circling and up
elevator is applied, yet leave them inactive in the case
of down elevator.
The mixer can be turned on and off by an external
switch allocated by code 23.
After calling code 47, the mix quota for up and down
elevator can be adjusted separately using the INC
and DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the 6 or 8 key (in
10% steps). To achieve this, the elevator control has
to be moved into the corresponding position indicated
by the prefix + or – on lower line of the display. Using
the CLEAR key the value can be set to 0, and the
direction of the mix can be changed by pressing the
TURN key.
Codes 44, 45, 46 and 54
Butterfly Function as Landing Aid
43
The “butterfly” function serves as a landing aid by
controlling the glide slope. It may be used alone or in
conjunction with spoilers which are possibly in use
already.
On operation of the spoiler channel control, the flaps
will be deflected downward, while the ailerons are
moved upwards. The elevator is also re-trimmed by
the mixers so as to maintain the longitudinal attitude
of the model in normal flight. All of the three mixers
can be adjusted individually and, of course, they can
be used alone. For example, code 44 (spoiler
elevator) can be used in conjunction with normal
spoilers to retain the glide path angle on extension of
the spoilers, while the two other mixers have been set
inoperative. In the case of full span ailerons, which
are also used as flaps (flaperons), mixers 45 (spoiler
ailerons) and 44 (spoilers elevator) may be
used in unison to deflect the flaperons to the upper
limit and to re-trim the elevator to suit.
When using aileron differential (code 22), aileron
effectiveness will be considerably impaired by the
extreme deflection of the ailerons via the butterfly
function, aileron downward deflection being reduced
or even suppressed entirely as a result of the
differential. Deflections in the upward direction cannot
be increased any more as the ailerons are already at
their limits.
A remedy is provided by code 54 (reduction of
differential), whereby the degree of differential is
continuously, and adjustably, reduced or entirely
cancelled on actuation of the butterfly function.
Adjustments:
Mixers 44, 45 and 46 are already allocated as per
their functions, with mix quota having been set to 0,
they are effectively inactive.
Code 44 Spoilers Elevator
Code 45 Spoilers Flaps
Code 46 Spoilers Ailerons
To activate them, input the corresponding code
number, whereupon the associated adjustment menu
will be shown on the display. The first adjustment to
be made is the offset, which is to say the mixer has to
be told which position the operating element for the
spoilers (throttle/spoiler control stick) normally
occupies (spoilers retracted, and the no butterfly
position of ailerons and flaps). To this end the
operating element concerned is set accordingly and
then the STORE key is pressed. The offset from the
neutral position is shown on the lower line of the
display). The mix quota can be adjusted using the
INC and DEC keys (in 1% steps) and the 6 or 8
key (in 10% steps), and set to 0 by pressing the
CLEAR key, with direction of the mix being changed
by pressing the TURN key.
To deactivate the butterfly function, the mix quota of
mixers 44, 45 and 46 have to be set to 0.
If spoilers are not provided, control channel 1 in
code 72 (mix-only channel) can be de-coupled from
the stick and, with the aid of a mixer, used for other
purposes.
B
R
K
E
L
E
V
o
f
s
-
7
3
-
2
5
%
B
R
K
F
L
A
P
o
f
s
-
7
3
+
1
0
0
%
B
R
K
A
I
L
E
R
O
N
o
f
s
-
7
3
-
9
0
%
Code 54
Adjusting the Reduction of Differential
After calling code 54, the magnitude of the reduction
of differential can be adjusted using the INC and
DEC keys, with 0% meaning that the differential
remains unchanged on activation of the spoiler/
butterfly control, while a value of 100% indicates that
differential is completely removed in the case of
maximum butterfly function. The transition from
normal to reduced differential is linear to spoiler
actuation. The CLEAR key permits resetting the
reduction to 0% and completely cancelling differential
reduction.
D
I
F
F
R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
8
5
%
Programming Examples for Fixed-Wing Models
44
In case you have become slightly confused by the
unusually large number of functions offered in the
preceding chapters of these instructions, the following
pages show you by way of example, how a practical
adjustment of a model can be programmed in a
minimum of time. In doing so, the essential functions
will be activated, while the “deluxe” options meant for
the competition pilot will not, initially, be taken into
consideration. In the following chapters this basic
program will the be expanded by additional options,
followed by a few examples for the Profi’s bag of
tricks. Here the basic principles of computer R/C will
become clear.
From the extensive range of functions you select only
those which are actually required and forget the rest
of them. If, in the course of time, you need more all
you have to do is activate additional functions.
Be sure to duplicate the following examples step by
step, so you won’t forget or overlook anything. In this
manner you’ll actually get automatically familiar with
your R/C equipment and won’t consider it nearly as
complicated as it may have appeared at first glance.
1.) Preparations
You have installed the module into the transmitter as
per the instructions. Close the case of the transmitter
again and turned the transmitter on. The display will
read:
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
9
.
6
V
P
C
M
Depending on what kind of module had been installed
previously in your transmitter the display may show
another model number or another modulation mode.
2.) Executing RESET (Important)
Call model memory 1 and clear it completely. To do
this input:
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 1 CLEAR ENTER
If the transmitter had previously been switched to
PCM you now have the basic position of the display
again. If not, the request will appear to turn the
transmitter off. This is because it has been switched
to the default position of PCM modulation. Comply
with the request and then turn it on again a moment
later, thereafter you will be in the basic position.
For safety’s sake, so you won’t forget it later, execute
a reset (right now) on all the remainder of the model
memories. To do this, input:
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 2 CLEAR ENTER
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 3 CLEAR ENTER
…
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 7 CLEAR ENTER
…
( ENTER 5 6 ENTER 3 0 CLEAR ENTER )
This procedure needs only to be performed once in
order to positively delete any programming parts and
data which may have been stored in the transmitter
memory by an earlier used module, and could still be
stored. These program fragments may cause a
malfunction if not deleted.
45
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
9
.
6
V
P
C
M
ENTER 5 6 ENTER
↓↓
s
e
l
e
c
t
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
1
↓↓
s
e
l
e
c
t
M
O
D
E
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
1
CLEAR
↓↓
E
N
T
E
R
=
R
E
S
E
T
A
L
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
1
ENTER
↓↓
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
9
.
6
V
P
C
M
3.) Selection of Model Memory
In order to file the following adjustments under model
No, 1, input the following
ENTER 5 6 ENTER 1 ENTER
4.) Entering Model Name
So you’ll be able to locate it correctly later on, input
the name of your model, by inputting:
ENTER 3 2 ENTER
The transmitter now asks for the name, with the
cursor being located in the first position of the lower
line. Using the INC and DEC keys you select the
first letter of the name of the model. This is stored by
pressing the STORE key, whereupon the cursor
moves to the 2nd position. In this manner, store the
complete name of the model (the length of the name
must no exceed 11 characters). Using the TURN
key changes between uppercase and lowercase
letters. If you have entered an incorrect letter, you can
backspace using the CLEAR key and the correct it.
Having entered the complete name, input is
terminated by a press of the ENTER key.
NOTE:
The transmitter is now back in the command mode,
indicated on the lower line of the display by
“FUNCTION ?”, which is to say it is waiting for a code
number to be input. During adjustment it will remain in
this mode, which can be left by pressing the ENTER
key. From normal mode you can switch to the
command mode by the ENTER key.
For the ensuing inputs, it is assumed that the
transmitter is in the command mode, that is
“FUNCTION ?” will be showing on the lower line of
the display.
In case you had switched off your transmitter or had
accidentally switched to normal mode via the
ENTER key, just press the ENTER key again to get
back to command mode.
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
1
9
.
6
V
P
C
M
ENTER 3 2 ENTER
↓↓
N
A
M
E
:
INC … DEC
↓↓
N
A
M
E
:
T
STORE
↓↓
N
A
M
E
:
T
INC … DEC … STORE …
↓↓
N
A
M
E
:
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
Programming Examples
for Fixed-Wing Models
46
5.) Defining Stick Allocation
Set the control stick allocation you are accustomed to
by entering:
5 7 ENTER
Thereupon the lower line of the display will read:
MODE 1
Now press one of the keys 1 … 4 , to suit your
normal control mode:
1 = Throttle and Ailerons on the right
Elevator and Rudder on the left
2 = Throttle and Rudder on the left
Ailerons and Elevator on the right
3 = Throttle and Rudder on the right
Ailerons and Elevator on the left
4 = Throttle and Ailerons on the left
Elevator and Rudder on the right
The figure on the display will change accordingly.
Terminate the input by pressing the ENTER key and
you are once again back in command mode.
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
5 7 ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
M
O
D
E
1
2
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
M
O
D
E
2
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
6.) Defining the Model Type
The previous inputs were universally applicable to all
types of
model. Now you select the type of model to which
your actual model corresponds. For this example it is
assumed that you own a perfectly normal power
model, the ailerons of which as well as elevator and
rudder are operated by a single servo each. Input:
5 8 ENTER
In the lower line of the display now appears the actual
model type. At the moment it will reads “NORMAL”.
As you do not intend to switch to another model,
leave type selection by pressing the ENTER key.
47
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
5 8 ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
N
O
R
M
A
L
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
7.) Determining Idle Trim
Define the idle trim to the manner you are used to,
e.g. pulling or pushing the throttle stick to increase
engine power. To this end, input:
1 8 ENTER
The display then reads: IDLE R. TRIM OFF
Using the INC and DEC keys you may now switch
to and fro between and . means pushing for full
throttle, and means pulling. Terminate the selection
with the ENTER key.
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
5 8 ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
I
D
L
E
R
.
T
R
I
M
O
F
F
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
I
D
L
E
R
.
T
R
I
M
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
Programming Examples
for Fixed-Wing Models
48
8.) Copying Adjustments
All that’s been input so far may be considered as
“pilot specific” programming, as these inputs depend
on the habits of the pilot and are alike for all models
(excepting the name of the model). In order not to
have to input these settings for each model memory,
you can now copy them first into the other model
memories. To this end input:
9 4 ENTER 1 ENTER 2 ENTER ENTER
You have now copied the essential settings of
model 1 onto model 2. Repeat the same procedure
for the remaining models by:
9 4 ENTER 1 ENTER 3 ENTER ENTER
9 4 ENTER 1 ENTER 4 ENTER ENTER
…
9 4 ENTER 1 ENTER 7 ENTER ENTER
…
( 9 4 ENTER 1 ENTER 3 0 ENTER ENTER )
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
1
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
2
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
2
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
1
3
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
9.) Modulation Mode
If a PCM receiver has been installed in your model
you may skip this step. In the case of a PPM receiver
just input:
9 5 ENTER INC ENTER
Doing this you have switched to PPM mode, The
transmitter now requests you to turn it off so it can
change over to PPM.
A reversion to PCM mode is performed in the same
way.
49
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 5 ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
M
O
D
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
P
C
M
INC
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
M
O
D
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
P
P
M
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
o
f
f
Switch the power off, and then on again
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
9
.
6
V
P
P
M
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
10.) Adjusting the Direction of Servo Rotation
For the ensuing adjustments you now require a model
with a ready to operate installed radio set. The servos
should be wired to the receiver as follows:
Channel 1 = Engine Throttle
Channel 2 = Ailerons
Channel 3 = Elevator
Channel 4 = Rudder
Turn the transmitter and receiver on now and check
the function of the control surfaces. Most likely one or
other of the servos will be found to rotate in the wrong
direction (it would be matter of sheer luck if not). To
correct the direction of rotation of a servo moving in
the wrong direction, call servo reversing code 11:
ENTER 1 1 ENTER
The display now indicates the direction of rotation of
all servos. Correct the direction of rotation by entering
the corresponding channel number so all control
surfaces and the throttle move in the right direction.
Terminate all input using the ENTER key.
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
1 1 ENTER
↓↓
R
E
V
.
S
W
N
O
R
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
↓↓
R
E
V
.
S
W
2
N
O
R
M
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
↓↓
R
E
V
.
S
W
2
3
N
O
R
M
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
Programming Examples
for Fixed-Wing Models
50
11.) Adjusting Servo Throw
Normally one should choose the size of the control
horn and servo arms so they provide approximately
the required control surface throw. In this context you
should remember: the relative size of the arm of a
servo and the lever of a control horn determines the
magnitude of the throw of the control surface. All
control linkages introduce a certain amount of play,
which can not be completely eliminated even when
using top quality servos and working with ultimate
precision, with the slop increasing with time.
Everything should be done to reduce slop as much as
possible. Here are some basic rules.
1. Keep control horns as large as possible as this
helps minimise slop.
2. Slop will be greater the more acute or obtuse the
angle formed by the linkage and control horn. Slop
will be smallest when the linkage and horn for a right
angle (90°).
3. Servo slop will make itself felt more the smaller the
angular range the servo operates over.
When applying these fundamental rules the
conclusion must be drawn that full servo throw should
be used for the controls of a model, using the largest
possible control horns, and that the required control
throw should be achieved by adjusting the servo arm.
In practical operation, however, smaller and larger
deviations from these ideal conditions have to be
accepted, such as the selection of smaller control
horns for visual reasons, the control surface linkages
will have to be concealed in the gaps between
surfaces, or the accommodation of large servo arms
is not possible in the fuselage.
Fur such cases the PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module
provides the ability to adjust servo throw, with all the
servos and each direction of operation being
separately adjustable. To make this point perfectly
clear: this possibility should be utilised only after you
have mechanically optimised the linkages as far as
possible in every case. At first glance, taking the
easiest and simplest way of linking the control
surfaces and performing adjustments via the
transmitter options may appear to be a good solution,
but in that case a lot of obtainable control precision
will be lost. This, of course, is not limited to the control
surfaces, but also applies to the throttle as well. Here
again the linkage should be attached to the outermost
hole of the carburettor lever and a servo arm chosen
which will open the carburettor fully when the throttle
stick is in the full throttle position, and will close the
carburettor fully with the stick and trim fully pulled
back. It is important that the servo is not mechanically
restricted in it’s motion. If this can not be achieved
mechanically the adjustments may then be optimised
using the throw adjust (code 12). To achieve this,
input:
1 2 ENTER
The select the control channel to be used for throw
adjustments:
1 = Throttle
2 = Ailerons
3 = Elevator
4 = Rudder
Let us assume you wish to adjust servo throw for the
throttle operation, press in this 1 case.
The display now indicates normal servo throw
(100%). Shift the throttle stick to the full throttle
position and adjust the carburettor with the aid of the
INC and DEC keys so it will be fully open, but is not
hitting the mechanical stops. The display now shows
the servo throw in % of normal servo throw.
Move the throttle to the idle position and set the trim
slider for throttle all the way back against it’s stop,
where the carburettor will be as closed as possible.
The display now shows 100% again, since for this
side of the servo throw (viewed from the centre) the
normal value is still effective.
Throw is now adjusted using the INC and DEC
keys so the carburettor is fully closed without hitting
the mechanical stop. It is possible that an idle stop
screw on the carburettor will have to be adjusted to
permit the carburettor to fully close. You should now
be able to adjust the RPM of the engine with the idle
trim, and also stop the engine with the trim fully back.
In the same manner you’ll be able to adjust the throw
of the control surfaces, if necessary asymmetrically,
for example if the elevator at “full up” deflection blocks
the rudder, and downward deflection must not be
reduced. Call the elevator position and adjust
deflection using the INC and DEC keys so that the
rudder remains freely movable. Remember to take
changes in elevator trim into account to ensure that
fowling does not occur. Terminate the input by
pressing the ENTER key.
51
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
1 2 ENTER
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
p
u
s
h
c
h
k
e
y
1
-
9
1
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
1
c
h
+
E
N
D
1
0
0
%
Stick in full Throttle position… INC / DEC
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
1
c
h
+
E
N
D
9
2
%
Stick and Trim in idle Throttle position
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
1
c
h
-
E
N
D
1
0
0
%
INC / DEC
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
1
c
h
+
E
N
D
1
1
5
%
3
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
3
c
h
+
E
N
D
1
0
0
%
INC … DEC … ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
The model may be considered as now being
essentially ready for flight, the vital adjustments
having been performed. If you are a beginner you
ought to be content with these adjustments and
collect practical experience by now flying your model.
Although it would not do any harm to try the other
examples, you should keep in mind that the latter are
“deluxe” options with the aid of which problems
encountered when flying certain models can be
solved. Flying certain manoeuvres can be made
easier and/or advantages can be gained over other
contestants in competition flying due to the simplified
operation of the transmitter.
Bearing this in mind:
II. Further Examples
Let’s return to the last example in the preceding
chapter. The full-span elevator of the tailplane when
deflected upwards blocks the rudder mounted above
it.
This had been avoided by reducing the upward servo
throw correspondingly, also allowing for the possible
upward trim movement. The reaction to elevator will
be smoother now the down-elevator for the reduced
throw is evenly distributed over the entire control
throw range from neutral to hard over up. The
different control reaction to “up” and “down” may be
acceptable in some cases, but might not necessarily
be so. The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module offers
another option for such cases, namely throw
reduction.
Programming Examples
for Fixed-Wing Models
52
12.) Throw Reduction
Unlike throw adjust, servo reaction to a control stick
deflection remains unchanged, provided the pre-set
threshold value is not exceeded. On reaching the
threshold value, the servo will simply stop there, eve
when the stick concerned (or some other signal
generator) is moved beyond that point. It does not
matter by which of the means the servo reaches the
threshold value(by control stick alone or by the
interaction of mixers). The only importance is that the
threshold can not be exceeded by the servo. In our
example we wish to adjust the threshold for the
elevator in such a way that jamming of the rudder can
not occur, while the elevator action remains normal
and no concern is needed over the upward deflection
of the control surface. Throw reduction is access by
code 19:
1 9 ENTER
Select the elevator channel by entering number and
hold the elevator in the “full up” position. By pressing
the DEC key you may now reduce the threshold
(normally at 150% of normal servo throw) to a value
which prevents the elevator hitting the rudder.
When pulling the elevator stick slowly you’ll notice
that the servo follows the stick in a normal manner,
until it stops a the threshold value, resulting in a
“dead” range having been created at the end of the
stick travel. It will become larger, if up trim has been
added.
This example permits recognising the action of throw
reduction, although its normal field of application is in
the interaction of several mixers on a specific servo,
used for example in the case of plain flaps and
flaperons of large sailplane models. Here the
threshold action can be set just short of a point where
otherwise linkages or hinges would flex or deform.
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
1 9 ENTER
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
L
I
M
I
T
p
u
s
h
c
h
k
e
y
1
-
9
3
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
L
I
M
I
T
3
c
h
-
E
N
D
1
5
0
%
DEC
↓↓
T
H
R
O
W
A
D
J
U
S
T
3
c
h
-
E
N
D
9
4
%
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
13.) Adapting Throttle Characteristics
If you have flown your power model in the meantime,
you may have noticed that while engine speed can be
adjusted between idle and full throttle via the throttle
stick, the RPM adjustments are not uniformly
distributed along the stick throw. In most cases
engine speed adjustments for idle to 80% of full
throttle will occupy the lower half of the control stick
movement, while the upper half of the stick travel has
little effect. This depends on the carburettor used of
course, but it is typical nevertheless for nearly all
engines. The desirable carburettor characteristics
would be for the RPM to follow the stick travel in a
linear manner.
The PROFI-ULTRASOFT-Module also provides an
adjustment option to allow compensation of the above
mentioned non-linearity – neutral point offset can be
called up for channel 1:
3 1 ENTER
The indicated value 0% mean linear operation of the
carburettor control lever by the servo. In the case
described above the actuation has to be a
progressive one compared to the regressive
behaviour of the carburettor. The servo position for
the stick neutral point needs to be offset in the
direction towards idle, which can be accomplished by
press the INC key. Adjustments should preferably be
made with the engine running until a continuous rate
of engine RPM change has been achieved. Terminate
adjustments using the ENTER key.
53
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
3 1 ENTER
↓↓
T
H
R
/
B
R K
M
I
D
P
N
T
+
0
%
TURN
↓↓
T
H
R
/
B
R K
M
I
D
P
N
T
-
0
%
INC
↓↓
T
H
R
/
B
R K
M
I
D
P
N
T
-
4
0
%
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
14.) Trim Storage
By now you have test flown your model and though
you built and trimmed it correctly, now that the model
flies perfectly straight, the trim levers are no longer in
the neutral position. This is unsatisfactory in that the
levers may be accidentally displaced and you may not
remember their correct positions afterwards. Also
when you fly another model it will be difficult to
reproduce the correct trim lever positions if they are
not at the neutral position.
The mc-18 transmitter therefore provides for storage
of trim data, so the trim levers can be reset to the
neutral position. In this manner you can always
reproduce the correct trim adjustment even after a
change of models.
To store the in-flight established trim data, input:
5 9 ENTER STORE
The display now indicates, in it’s lower line, the trim
lever offset you had set from the neutral position (in
the sequence from left to right: throttle, ailerons,
elevator, rudder). The corresponding electronic
values are now retained and you can return the trim
levers to their neutral positions. While you do this you
will notice that the display readings will return to zero.
The idle trim lever, through should not be reset as a
rule, this being a random position not an in-flight
established setting. Terminate the adjustment by
pressing the ENTER key. The in-flight established
trim will now correspond to the neutral position of the
trim levers.
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
5 9 ENTER
↓↓
T
R
I
M
O F
F
S
E
T
S
T
O
R
E
O
R
C
L
E
A
R
STORE
↓↓
S
E
T
T
R
I
M
&
E
N
T
E
R
+
3
9
+
0
6
-
4
4
-
0
1
Set the trim levers to neutral
↓↓
S
E
T
T
R
I
M
&
E
N
T
E
R
+
3
9
0
0
0
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
ENTER
↓↓
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
9
.
6
V
P
P
M
Copying Example – Single Model Memory
Between two mc-18 transmitters
With Programming Interface (Order No. 4180)
54
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
1
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
E
X
T
E
R
N
A
L
I
N
T
F
.
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
1
E
X
T
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
1
E
X
T
S
E
N
D
I
N
G
C
O
M
P
L
E
T
E
D
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
Transmitting Unit
Call the copy function
Call the model to be copied, such as model
1, using the keys 1 … 9 or INC and
DEC .
If the model is to be copied externally, call
the external interface using the DEC key.
Terminate the copy program selection
using the ENTER key.
Unit ready to transmit copy.
Trigger copying process with the ENTER
key.
Important
Always trigger the copy process by the
ENTER key on the receiving unit first.
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
E
X
T
E
R
N
A
L
I
N
T
F
.
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
4
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
4
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
E
X
T
4
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
E
X
T
4
W
A
I
T
C
O
M
P
L
E
T
E
D
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
Receiving Unit
Call the copy function
If the model is to be copied from the
external interface call the interface using
the DEC key.
Call the model memory into which it is to be
copied, using the keys 1 … 9 or INC and
DEC .
As a safety precaution copying into the
currently active memory is not per mitted, in
this example memory 6.
Terminate the copy program selection
using the ENTER key.
Unit ready to receive copy.
Trigger copying process with the ENTER
key.
Important
Always trigger the copy process by the
ENTER key on the receiving unit first.
Copying Example – All Model Memory
Between two mc-18 transmitters
With Programming Interface (Order No. 4180)
55
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
T
O
T
A
L
S
T
O
R
A
G
E
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
E
X
T
E
R
N
A
L
I
N
T
F
.
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
A
L
L
E
X
T
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
A
L
L
E
X
T
S
E
N
D
I
N
G
C
O
M
P
L
E
T
E
D
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
Transmitting Unit
Call the copy function
Call all model memories by pressing the
DEC key twice.
If the model is to be copied externally, call
the external interface using the DEC key.
Terminate the copy program selection
using the ENTER key.
Unit ready to transmit copy.
Trigger copying process with the ENTER
key.
Important
Always trigger the copy process by the
ENTER key on the receiving unit first.
m
c
-
1
8
E
M
O
D
E
L
6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
E
X
T
E
R
N
A
L
I
N
T
F
.
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
DEC DEC
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
4
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
E
X
T
A
L
L
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
E
X
T
A
L
L
W
A
I
T
C
O
M
P
L
E
T
E
D
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
Receiving Unit
Call the copy function
If the model is to be copied from the
external interface call the interface using
the DEC key.
Call all model memories by pressing the
DEC key twice.
Terminate the copy program selection
using the ENTER key.
Unit ready to receive copy.
Trigger copying process with the ENTER
key.
Important
Always trigger the copy process by the
ENTER key on the receiving unit first.
Copying Example
Model Memory to Model Memory
In the Same Transmitter Possible Error Displays
56
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
?
9 4 ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
1
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
F
R
O
M
M
O
D
E
L
T
A
X
I
C
U
P
:
1
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
K
E
Y
1
-
7
O
R
+
/
-
3
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
T
O
M
O
D
E
L
N
O
N
A
M
E
:
3
ENTER
↓↓
C
O
P
Y
:
1
3
E
N
T
E
R
K
E
Y
e
x
e
c
ENTER
Call the copy function
Call the model to be copied, such as model
1, using the keys 1 … 9 or INC and
DEC .
Call the model memory to be copied, into
using the keys 1 … 9 or INC and DEC
such as memory 3.
Terminate the copy program selection
using the ENTER key.
Transmitter ready to copy.
Trigger copying process with the ENTER
key.
As a safety precaution copying into the
currently active memory is not permitted.
C
O
P
Y
:
1
4
I
N
V
A
L
I
D
E
R
R
O
R
S
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
I
N
C
O
M
P
A
T
I
B
L
E
S
W
I
T
C
H
O
F
F
Indicates that copying into the currently
active memory is not permitted.
Indicates faulty input while programming,
renew the input.
Appears when trying to copy from a 30
memory transmitter to a 7 memory unit.
… 54

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