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Working method
Fig.1
Removing metal takes place by pushing under control a chisel point or a boring point in the piece of work through which small pieces of
material - chips - are cut away. For this the piece of work has to make a turning movement between two fixed turning points- the headstock and
the tail stock (watch Fig.1) - which lie on a very precise, imaginary line: the centerline(4). This can be turned off paral lelly to the centerline over
the whole lenght, by carrying the chisel which has been fixed on the support(5) in a certain tempo along the turning piece of work. This has to
be done in a straight line, with the hands or automatically with the transmission(6). For removing material of the piece of work, power is
needed. This power is transmitted from the motor to an empty shaft in the headstock: the main shaft (2). In connection with the maximum
motorcapacity the quantity material which has to be taken - the chip thickness and the width of chip- has to be adapted. If the number of
revolutions lowers too much, the starting depth or the rate of speed has to be lowered. Otherwise there is a chance of motor damage, shorter
tool life of the chisel or the chisel rupture. The diameter of the piece of work is also influences this. If you have a diamter of 100 mm more power
is needed for cutting a chip of 1 mm than at a diameter of 10 mm. When the tail stock (8) is placed next to the centerline because of cross
adjustment, an outward conical plane is turned. An extra processing possibility over the lenght axle is cutting a screw-thread. Aspecial chisel
cuts a spiral deepening in the outline of the piece of work. Apart of the outline keeps on standing and this height difference forms the ultimate
screw-thread. Next to turning over the lenght axle, the ends of a piece of work can also be processed, for example for making them flat and
straight. Short pieces of work can be fixed at one side in a fixed turning-point, the three-jaw chuck, and on the other side be processed at right
angles to the centerline. The basins of the chuck see to maintenance of an imaginary centerline. By having occurred the chisel replace ment
under an angle by adjustment of the chuck, inward and outward conical planes can be turned. With this strain borings can also be made in
levelled surfaces. For that a drill chuck has to be bought separately. This drill chuck with morse cone peg has to be installed in the sliding tube
(7) of the tail stock. Then the gaps can be screwn out until the desired depht, diameter and form.
The precision of the pieces of work is first and particularly depen dant of expertness and experience. During turning many factors
can influence the end result, like the sort and the condition of the chisels, the nature of the material you want to process, the turn
and starting speed, the fixation of the piece of work, the drafting and the condition of the machine. With the machine it is possible
to manufacture prolonged pieces of work with a big accuracy, if all circumstances are perfect.
For the beginning turner
During turning big powers on certain parts can be developed. If you use the machine incorrect these parts can be damaged or deformed and
wear end tear faster, even if they have been made and designed very expertly and carefully. Through this the accuracy of the machine will
decrease strongly, which directly influences the quality and tahe preciseness of your pieces of work. So it is important that the apparatus is
tended in an expert way. Recommended is, if you are not a skilled turner, to start with simple pieces of work and to try the different possibilities
of the lathe with trial pieces of work. It is instructive to look at skilled turners, because you are not that fast a perfect turner! For pre venting
disappointments you have to become familiar with the basic principles of turning. Turning is not for nothing a profession. You can find
referencebooks about metal working and metal turning in the library or in a book-shop. Besides model-building magazines write about this
subject regularly. The best is getting into possession of a, if need be obsolete, technical text-book. In this book is told about the general
principles of turning and many things worth knowing and handy summaries of problems with possible causes and solutions.
Function of the machine
Fig.1
For a good understanding of the working of the machine this one can for conve nience sake be divided in a number of main groups and
components, all with a special function. Watch Fig.1.
The machine bed
Fig.2
The machine bed connects all these parts and has next to it also other important functions. The bed (3) has been manufactured of highgrade
grey cast iron and it is provided with several filled cross ties. Because of the design and the applied sorts of material tremblings are better
absorbed and deforming because of charge is minimum. The bed is provided with two sliding surfaces sharpened very precisely, for the
conducting of support and tail stock. These conduc tings, one prismatic and one flat, see to maintenance of the centerline(4).watch Fig.2.
The motor
The attached alternating current motor is a carbon brushless 1-phase squirrel- cage motor with starting condenser. The motor is maintenancefree and
does not need a special treatment. By means of V-belts and plural belt discs, the pulleys, the movement of the motor is transmitted to the mains axis.
The headstock
Fig.A
The poured headstock(1) has been fixed on the bed with a prism conducting and two face plates. On the back side is an oil draining nut. The
cover is remo vable for inspection and for putting oil. At the bottom of the head you can find a system of turning axis and toothed wheels.
Because of these toothed wheels the speed of the main shaft is retarded and transmitted to a double, coaxial output axis. On this axis you can
find the driving gear for the start and the driving gear for the thread-cutting, watch Fig.B. In the head you can find the most important part of the
machine, the main shaft(2). This one has been fixed revolving with two conical roller bearings in an O- drafting. All turning parts in the head are
lubricated by means of an oil bath. The level of this is readable in the window on the front side. The main shaft has been provided with a going
on boring with on the right side a fixing flange and a morse cone, for respectively the chucks and the center.
The support
Fig.1
On the sliding surfaces on the bed the support(5) has been fixed which sees that conducting tools along the piece of work is checked. First the
support consists of a bed slide with lock case. This slide lies on the bed and serves as movement in the lenght direction. This movement can
occur with the hands or automatically by the transmission/feeding axis(6). In the last case the coach bolt has to be closed in the lock case. On
the bed slide a second slide has been installed which takes care of the chisel movement in cross direction. By means of a spindle
with follow
nut this slide can be moved or adjusted. On the cross slide a chuck has been installed.
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Annex 1 - Parts list tailstock/shears
No. Part
Tailstock
1 Clamp lever
2 Ball nipples
3 Clamping nut
4 Locking screw
5 Spindle
6 Spindle bearing
7 Handwheel
8 Cover plate
9 Spindle nut
10 Tailstock
11 Sliding bush
12 Bed
13 Clamping bolt
14 Adjusting screws
15 Nut
Shears
1 Shears
2 Idler shaft
3 Locking Bolt
4 Spacing ring
