KWUa__S`VSf[a`e
KW jWXb[ Z[ Yk_iied wb[Yjh_gk[ Ze_j xjh[
_dijWbbw[ fWh kd f[hiedd[b j[Y^d_gk[ gkWb_\_w3
M[ fWi fheYwZ[h i[kb s b-_dijWbbWj_ed3
KW jWXb[ Z[ Yk_iied wb[Yjh_gk[ d[ Ze_j fWi
xjh[ _dijWbbw[ ikh kd hw\h_]whWj[kh1 kd bWl[2
lW_ii[bb[ ek kd bWl[2b_d][3
KW jWXb[ Z[ Yk_iied wb[Yjh_gk[ Ze_j xjh[
_dijWbbw[ Z[ \Wued s fekle_h ]WhWdj_h iW \_WX_b_jw3
KW fWhe_ [j bW ped[ Wk2Z[iieki Z[ bW jWXb[
Z[ Yk_iied wb[Yjh_gk[ Ze_l[dj hwi_ij[h s bW
Y^Wb[kh3
K[ `e_dj gk_ [djekh[ bW jWXb[ Z[ Yk_iied Ze_j
xjh[ hwi_ijWdj s bW Y^Wb[kh3
RWXb[Wk Z[
YeccWdZ[
Qehj_[ Z[ b-W_h
Qkh\WY[ [d
l_jheYwhWc_gk[
Edjhw[ Z[ b-W_h
|{v|xx
Pw]bW][ Z[ bW fk_iiWdY[
BbeYW][ Z[i YeccWdZ[i
93 LUZo_S VWe TdS`UZW_W`fe o^WUfd[cgWe
KW fh_i[ wb[Yjh_gk[ Ze_j xjh[ XhWdY^w[ i[bed bW
hw]b[c[djWj_ed [d l_]k[kh1 [d \edYj_ed Zk
lebjW][ [j Z[ bW \hwgk[dY[ kj_b_iwi1 s kd
_dj[hhkfj[kh3 K[i ceZWb_jwi Z[ hWYYehZ[c[dj
iedj _dZ_gkw[i \_]kh[ 8?
A[SYdS__W eUZo_Sf[cgW Vg fST^WSg VW
Ua__S`VW
F_]kh[ .8/
Afhvi Wle_h fei_j_eddw bW jWXb[ Z[ Yk_iied1 bW
\_n[h Wk fbWd Z[ jhWlW_b Wl[Y 9 l_i .Yecc[
_dZ_gkw ikh bW \_]kh[/3 Ok_i W`kij[h Y^Wgk[ l_i
[d \edYj_ed Z[ b-wfW_ii[kh Zk fbWd Z[ jhWlW_b3
Beeij[h
l_i
gk[hh[ Z[ \_nWj_ed
XWi[
jhek Z[ l_i
AWeUd[bf[a` VW ^S fST^W VW Ug[eea` o^WUfd[cgW
Q_ b[ YehZed Z-Wb_c[djWj_ed [ij [dZeccW]w1 _b
d[ Ze_j xjh[ h[cfbWYw gk[ fWh kd f[hiedd[b
ifwY_Wb_iw W\_d Z-wl_j[h b[i WYY_Z[dji3
Q_ b-_dijWbbWj_ed [ij Z_h[Yj[c[dj hWYYehZw[ Wk
Y_hYk_j fh_dY_fWb1 _dijWbb[h kd Z_i`edYj[kh Z_\\wh[dj_[b
ek kd Y_hYk_j Z[ iwYkh_jw Wl[Y kd[ ekl[hjkh[ Z[
YedjWYj Z-Wk ce_di 8 cc3
K-_dijWbbWj[kh Ze_j i-Wiikh[h gk[ b[ XhWdY^[c[dj
wb[Yjh_gk[ ie_j X_[d \W_j [j gk[ b-_dijWbbWj_ed ie_j
Yed\ehc[ Wkn dehc[i Z[ iwYkh_jw3
K[ YehZed Z-Wb_c[djWj_ed d[ Ze_j xjh[ d_ fb_w d_
wYhWiw3
K[ YehZed Z-Wb_c[djWj_ed Ze_j xjh[ hw]kb_vh[c[dj
Yedjhzbw [j h[cfbWYw kd_gk[c[dj fWh kd
f[hiedd[b Wkjeh_iw3
.6/
83
.7/
.8/
.9/
12
CIE 644 B3
CIE 633 B3
1
1 2
4
4
2
3
3
1.
2.
3.
4.