Handleiding Bresser 4701102 (pagina 18 van 40) (Engels)

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-18-

Astronomical Observations

For extended astronomical observations, it is best to mount the telescope in the equatorial

configuration. When aligned to the celestial pole, the telescope is oriented so that the

horizontal and vertical axes of the telescope coincide with the coordinate system in the

sky(seefigure).28onpage15).

NOTE!

For equatorial (parallactic) alignment, it is essential that the interface field is located to

therightofthepoleheightadjustment(3,fig.29)islocated.

If you want to point the MCX at the celestial pole, it is essential that you develop an

understanding of how and where a cosmic object can be located as it moves through

the sky. This section introduces you to the basics of astronomy and includes instructions

for finding the celestial pole. You will also learn about tracking objects in the night sky,

familiarizingyourselfwiththeterms"rightascension"and"declination".

Azimuth mode: Thetripodheadisclampedat90°.

Equatorial mode: The tripod head is clamped to the geographical latitude angle of the

observer.

Celestial coordinates

All cosmic objects are mapped with a coordinate system on the celestial sphere (fig.

30).Thiscelestialsphereisregardedasanimaginaryspherethatsurroundstheentire

earth and to which all the stars seem to be attached. The celestial mapping system

corresponds to the earthbound coordinate system of longitudes and latitudes, simply

projected onto the imaginary celestial sphere.

The two poles of the celestial coordinate system are defined as the two points at which

the Earth's axis of rotation in its infinitely wide, fictitious extension to the north and south

penetratesthecelestialsphere.Inthiswaythenortherncelestialpoleislocated(Fig.30)

exactly at the point of the sky where the extension of the earth's axis beyond the North

Pole intersects the celestial sphere.

When mapping the earth's surface, the lines of longitude are drawn from the North Pole to

the South Pole. Similarly, the latitudes are drawn as lines in an east-west direction, parallel

to the earth equator. The celestial equator (Fig. 31) represents the projection of the earth

equator to the celestial sphere.

The mapping of the celestial sphere is done in the same way as on the earth's surface:

One describes imaginary lines, which together form a coordinate net. In this way, the

position of an object on the earth's surface can be determined by its length and width.

For example, you can determine the position of the city of Los Angeles in California by its

latitude(+34°)andwesterlylatitude.Describelength(118°).Similarly,theconstellation

of the Great Bear (which contains the Great Dipper) can be determined by its coarse

position on the celestial sphere:

RA=11h;DEC=+50°

- Right ascension: The heavenly equivalent of the earthly longitudes is called "right

ascension"or"RA",itisgiveninthetimescaleofa24-hour"clock".Itindicatesthedistance

measuredinhours(h),minutes(m)andseconds(s)toanarbitrary"zeroline"(RA0h)

passing through the constellation Pegasus. The coordinates of the right ascension run

from00h00m 00s to 23h 59m 59s.In this way,there are 24 mainRA lines that run

vertically through the celestial equator at 15° intervals. Objects that are increasingly

furthereastoftheRAreferenceline(00h00m00s)carryincreasingRAcoordinatevalues.

- Declination:The celestial equivalentofthe earthlylatitudesiscalled"declination"or

"DEC",itisgivenindegreesofangle,minutesofarcandsecondsofarc(e.g.15°27'33").

A declination running north of the celestial equator is marked with a "+" sign in front

of the corresponding angular value (the declination of the northern celestial pole, for

example,is+90°).Declinationssouthofthecelestialequatoraremarkedwitha"-"sign

(thedeclinationofthesoutherncelestialpoleise.g.-90°).Everypointthatliesonthe

celestialequatoritself-which,bytheway,runsthroughtheconstellationsOrion,Virgo

andAquarius-hasadeclinationofzero-thisisindicatedas"00°00'00".

Alignment and Orientation

Fig. 30

Start position for equatorial/parallactic

mounting of the MCX on a tripod. (1 = Polar

star; 2 = Clamping height axis; S = Alignment

to south)

The celestial sphere. (1 = Northern celestial

pole (not far from the polar star); 2 = Star; 3 =

Celestial equator; 4 = Southern celestial pole; 5

= Declination;

6 = Right ascension; 7 = Earth rotation)

Fig. 29

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