In bulleted lists, each paragraph begins with a bullet character. In numbered lists, each paragraph begins with an
expression that includes a number or letter and a separator such as a period or parenthesis. The numbers in a numbered
list are updated automatically when you add or remove paragraphs in the list. You can change the type of bullet or
numbering style, the separator, the font attributes and character styles, and the type and amount of indent spacing.
You cannot use the Type tool to select the bullets or numbers in a list. Instead, edit their formatting and indent spacing
using the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, the Paragraph panel, or the Bullets And Numbering section of the
Paragraph Styles dialog box (if the bullets or numbers are part a style).
A quick way to create a bulleted or numbered list is to type the list, select it, and then click the Bulleted List or
Numbered List button in the Control panel. These buttons let you turn the list on or off and switch between bullets and
numbers. You can also make bullets and numbering part of a paragraph style and construct lists by assigning styles to
paragraphs.
Note: Automatically generated bullet and number characters aren’t actually inserted in the text. Therefore, they cannot be
found during a text search or selected with the Type tool unless you convert them to text. In addition, bullets and numbering
don’t appear in the story editor window (except in the paragraph style column).
InDesign Docs provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create outlines, multi-level lists, figure
captions, and numbered steps.
1Select the set of paragraphs that will become the list, or click to place the insertion point where you want the list to
begin.
2Do any of the following:
•Click the Bulleted List button or the Numbered List button in the Control panel (in Paragraph mode).
Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) while clicking a button to display the Bullets And Numbering
dialog box.
•Choose Bullets And Numbering from the Paragraph panel or Command panel. For List Type, choose either
Bullets or Numbers. Specify the settings you want, and then click OK.
•Apply a paragraph style that includes bullets or numbering.
3To continue the list in the next paragraph, move the insertion point to the end of the list and press Enter or Return.
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4To end the list (or list segment, if the list is to be continued later in the story), click the Bulleted List or Numbered
List button in the Control panel again, or choose Bullets And Numbering from the Paragraph panel menu.
Format a bulleted or numbered list
1Using the Type tool , select the bulleted or numbered paragraphs you want to reformat.
2Do any of the following to open the Bullets And Numbering dialog box:
•Choose Bullets And Numbering from the Control panel menu (in Paragraph mode) or the Paragraph panel
menu.
•Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) either the Bulleted List button or the Numbered List button
.
3In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, do any of the following:
•Change the bullet character.
•Change the numbered list options.
•Choose a style for the numbers or bullets from the Character Style list.
4To change the position of the bullet or number, specify any of the following:
AlignmentLeft-aligns, centers, or right-aligns the bullets or numbers within the horizontal space allotted for
numbers. (If this space is narrow, the difference between the three options is negligible.)
Left IndentSpecifies how far the lines after the first line are indented.
First Line IndentControls where the bullet or number is positioned.
Increase the First Line Indent value if you want the punctuation in long lists to be aligned. For example, if you want
“9.” and “10.” to be aligned on the period, change the Alignment to Right and gradually increase the first line indent
until the numbers align (make sure Preview is turned on).
To create the hanging indent effect, specify a positive Left Indent value (such as 2p0), and then specify an equal
negative value (such as -2p0) for First Line Indent.
Note: The Left Indent, First Line Indent, and Tab Position settings in the Bullets And Numbering dialog box are
paragraph attributes. For that reason, changing these settings in the Paragraph panel also changes bulleted and
numbered list formats.
Tab PositionActivates the tab position to create space between the bullet or number and the start of the list item.
By default, bullets and numbers inherit some of their text formatting from the first character in the paragraph to which
they’re attached. If the first character in one paragraph is different from the first characters in other paragraphs, the
numbering or bullet character may appear inconsistent with the other list items. If this is not the formatting you desire,
create a character style for numbers or bullets and apply it to your list by using the Bullets And Numbering dialog box.
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Change bullet characters
If you don’t want to use one of the existing bullet characters, you can add other bullet characters to the Bullet Character
grid. A bullet character that is available in one font may not be available in another font. You can choose whether the
font is remembered with any bullet character you add.
If you want to use a bullet found in a specific font (such as the pointing hand from Dingbats), be sure to set the bullet
to remember that font. If you use a basic bullet character, it’s probably best not to remember the font, because most fonts
have their own version of that bullet character. Depending on whether you select the Remember Font With Bullet
option, a bullet you add can reference either a Unicode value and a specific font family and style, or just a Unicode value.
Note: Bullets that reference only the Unicode value (without a remembered font) appear with a red “u” indicator.
A Bullet without remembered font B Bullet with remembered font
Change the bullet character
1On the Control panel menu or Paragraph panel menu, select Bullets And Numbering.
2In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu.
3Select a different bullet character, and then click OK.
Add a bullet character
1In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu, then click Add.
2Select the glyph that you want to use as the bullet character. (Different font families and font styles contain different
glyphs.)
3If you want the new bullet to remember the currently chosen font and style, select Remember Font With Bullet.
4Click Add.
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Note: The list of bullet characters is stored in the document, like paragraph and character styles. When you paste or load
paragraph styles from another document, any bullet character used in those styles appears in the Bullets And Numbering
dialog box, along with the other bullets defined for the current document.
Remove a bullet character
1In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu.
2Select the bullet character you want to remove, and click Delete. (The first preset bullet character cannot be deleted.)
Change numbered list options
In a numbered list, the numbers are updated automatically when you add or remove paragraphs in the list. Paragraphs
that are part of the same list are numbered sequentially. These paragraphs do not have to be consecutive to one another
as long as you define a list for the paragraphs.
You can also create a multi-level list, in which list items are numbered in outline form and are indented by different
degrees.
1Open the Bullets And Numbering dialog box.
2Under Numbering Style, select the type of numbering you want to use from the Format menu.
3In the Number box, use the default expression—period (.) and tab space (^t)—or construct a number expression of
your own. To enter a number expression, delete the period after the number metacharacter (^#) and do one of the
following:
•Type a character (such as a closing parenthesis) or more than one character in place of the period.
Tip : You can also input a full-width separator instead of a half-width period separator, which is especially useful
for vertical text.
•Choose an item (such as Em Dash or Ellipses) from the Insert Special Character menu.
•Type a word or character before the number metacharacter. For example, to number questions in a list, you can
type the word Question.
4Choose a character style for the expression. (The style you choose applies to the entire number expression, not just
to the number.)
5For Mode, choose one of the following options:
Continue From Previous NumberNumbers lists sequentially.
Start AtStarts numbering at a number or other value that you enter in the text box. Enter a number, not a letter,
even if your list uses letters or Roman numerals for numbering.
6Specify any other options, and then click OK.
Defining lists
A defined list can be interrupted by other paragraphs and lists, and can span different stories and different documents
in a book. For example, use defined lists to create a multi-level outline, or to create a running list of numbered table
names throughout your document. You can also define lists for separately numbered or bulleted items that are mixed
together. For example, in a list of questions and answers, define one list for numbering the questions and another for
numbering the answers.
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Defined lists are often used to track paragraphs for numbering purposes. When you create a paragraph style for
numbering, you can assign the style to a defined list, and paragraphs are numbered in that style according to where they
appear in the defined list. The first paragraph to appear is given number 1 (“Table 1”), for example, and the next
paragraph is given number 2 (“Table 2”), even if it appears several pages later. Because both paragraphs belong to the
same defined list, they can be numbered consecutively no matter how far apart they are in the document or book.
Define a new list for each type of item you want to number—step-by-step instructions, tables, and figures, for example.
By defining multiple lists, you can interrupt one list with another and maintain number sequences in each list.
If list items appear in unthreaded frames on the same page, items are numbered in the order in which the text frames
are added to the page. To reorder the items, cut and paste the text frames one by one in the order in which you want
them to be listed.
Define a list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Click New in the Define Lists dialog box.
3Enter a name for the list, choose whether you want to continue numbering across stories, and continue numbering
from previous documents in your book.
4Click OK twice.
After you define a list, you can use it in a paragraph style, such as a style for tables, figures, or ordered lists, as well as
apply it by way of the Control panel and Paragraph panel.
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Note: Some lists are defined automatically. For example, when you import a numbered list from a Microsoft Word
document, InDesign defines a list automatically for your document.
Edit a defined list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click Edit.
3Enter a new name for the list or change your selection of Continue Numbers options.
Paragraph styles that are assigned to the list are reassigned to the list under its new name.
Delete a defined list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list.
3Click Delete, and then select a different list or the [Default] list to replace your list with.
Create a paragraph style for running lists
To create a running list—a list that is interrupted by other paragraphs or that spans multiple stories or documents—
create a paragraph style and apply the style to paragraphs that you want to be part of the list. For example, to create a
running list of the tables in your document, create a paragraph style called Tables, make a defined list part of the style,
and then apply the Tables paragraph style to all paragraphs you want in your Table list.
InDesign Docs provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create figure captions and numbered
steps.
1Choose New Paragraph Style from the Paragraph Styles panel menu.
2Enter a style name.
3On the left side of the New Paragraph Style dialog box, click Bullets And Numbering.
4For List Type, select Bullets or Numbering.
5If you are creating a style for numbered lists, choose a defined list from the List menu, or choose New List and define
the list.
6Specify the bullet or numbering characteristics.
7Use the Bullet or Number Position section of the New Paragraph Style dialog box to change the indent spacing. For
example, to create a hanging indent, type 2p for Left Indent and -2p for First Line Indent.
8Specify other paragraph style attributes for the style, and then click OK.
Create multi-level lists
A multi-level list is a list that describes hierarchical relationships between the list paragraphs. These lists are also called
outline lists because they resemble outlines. The list’s numbering scheme (as well as indentations) show rank as well as
how items are subordinate to one another. You can tell where each paragraph fits in the list with respect to the
paragraphs before and after it. You can include up to nine levels in a multi-level list.
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To create a multi-level list, define the list and then create a paragraph style for each level you want. For example, a list
with four levels requires four paragraph styles (each one assigned the same defined list). As you create each style, you
define its numbering format and paragraph formatting.
Gabriel Powell provides a video tutorial about creating outlines and multi-level lists at Creating an automatic numbered
list.
Bob Bringhurst provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create outlines, multi-level lists, figure
captions, and numbered steps.
1Choose New Paragraph Style from the Paragraph Styles panel menu.
2Enter a style name.
3If you already created a style for your multi-level list, choose the style you will assign to levels above this one from
the Based On menu; otherwise, choose No Paragraph Style or Basic Paragraph.
4On the left side of the New Paragraph Style dialog box, click Bullets And Numbering.
5Choose Numbers from the List Type menu.
6Choose a list you defined from the List menu. If you haven’t yet defined your list, you can choose New List from the
menu and define it now.
7In the Level box, enter a number that describes which level of the multi-level list you’re creating a style for.
8From the Format menu, choose the type of numbering you want to use.
9In the Number box, enter metacharacters or select metacharacters from the menus to describe the number
formatting you want for list items at this level.
•To include numbering prefixes from higher levels, enter text or click at the start of the Number box and choose
Insert Number Placeholder and then select a Level option (for example, Level 1), or enter ^ and then the list level
(for example, enter ^1). In a list with first levels numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on, and second levels numbered a, b, c,
and so on, including the first-level prefix in the second level renders second-level numbers as 1a, 1b, 1c; 2a, 2b,
2c; 3a, 3b, 3c.
•To create a number expression, enter punctuation, enter metacharacters, or select options on the Insert Special
Character list.
10Select Restart Numbers At This Level After to renumber beginning at 1 when a paragraph at this level appears after
a paragraph at a higher level; deselect this option to number paragraphs at this level consecutively throughout the
list without regard for where the paragraphs appear in the list hierarchy.
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To restart numbers after a specific level or range of levels, type the level number or range (such as 2-4) in the Restart
Numbers At This Level After field.
11In the Bullet or Number Position area, choose Indent or Tab Position options to indent list items at this level farther
than list items at higher levels. Indenting helps subordinate items in lists stand out.
12Click OK.
In some cases, such as with numbered steps, you may want to restart numbering within the same story. To avoid
restarting the numbered list manually, create a separate style that’s identical to the Level 1 style with one exception. For
Mode, chose Start At, and then specify 1. Name this style something like “Level 1 Restart.”
Create running captions for figures and tables
Running captions number figures, tables, and other items consecutively in a document. For example, the first figure
caption starts with the words “Figure 1,” the second with “Figure 2,” and so on. To make sure that figures, tables, or
similar items are numbered consecutively, define a list for the item, and then create a paragraph style that includes the
list definition. You can also add descriptive words such as “Figure” or “Table” to the numbering scheme of the paragraph
style.
Bob Bringhurst provides an article about creating figure captions at Numbered Lists Part III - Figure Captions.
List items are numbered in the order in which they are added to the page. To reorder the items, cut and paste the items
one by one in the order in which you want them to be listed.
1Create a new paragraph style and, in the Bullets And Numbering section of the Paragraph Style Options dialog box,
choose Numbers from the List Type menu.
2Choose a defined list from the List menu (or choose New List to define a list).
3Under Numbering Style, select the type of numbering you want to use from the Format menu.
For example, select the A, B, C, D... option to create a list for “Figure A,” “Figure B,” and so on.
4In the Number box, enter a descriptive word and any spacing or punctuation (as needed) along with the numbering
metacharacters.
For example, to create a “Figure A” effect, enter the word “Figure” and a space before the numbering metacharacters
(such as Figure ^#.^t). This adds the word “Figure” followed by a sequential number (^#), a period, and a tab (^t).
Note: To include chapter numbers in running captions, choose Insert Number Placeholder > Chapter Number from the
Number list, or enter ^H where you want the chapter number to appear in the number scheme.
5Finish creating the style and click OK.
After you create the style, apply it to text figure captions or table titles.
You can use the Table Of Contents feature to generate a list of tables or figures.
Restart or continue numbering for a list
InDesign offers commands for restarting a list and continuing a list:
Restarting a numbered listPlace the insertion point in the paragraph and choose Restart Numbering from the context
menu or choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Restart Numbering. In normal lists, this command assigns the
number 1 (or letter A) to a paragraph and makes it the first paragraph in a list. In multi-level lists, this command assigns
the first lower-level number to a nested paragraph.
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Continuing a numbered listChoose Continue Numbering from the context menu or choose Type > Bulleted And
Numbered Lists > Continue Numbering. This command resumes numbering a list that was interrupted by
commentary, graphics, or nested list items. InDesign also offers commands for numbering lists that begin in one story
or book and cross into the next story or book.
Number a list from the previous or current story
Whether a list resumes numbering from the previous story or starts numbering anew in the current story depends on
how the list is defined.
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click the Edit button.
Don’t choose the Default list because it can’t run across stories.
3Select Continue Numbers Across Stories to resume numbering the list from the previous story, or deselect this
option to start the list in the current story at 1 (or A).
4Click OK twice.
Number a list from the previous or current document in a book
Whether a list resumes numbering from the previous document in a book or starts numbering anew in the current
document depends on how the list is defined.
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click the Edit button.
3Select Continue Numbers From Previous Document In Book to resume numbering the list from the previous
document (you must choose Continue Numbers Across Stories to activate this option), or deselect this option to
start the list in the current document at 1 (or A).
4Click OK twice.
To make sure that numbering is updated properly in a book, synchronize the documents in the book and choose Update
Numbering > Update All Numbers from the books panel menu.
Convert list bullets or numbers to text
1Select the paragraphs containing the bulleted or numbered list.
2Do one of the following:
•From the Paragraph panel menu, choose Convert Numbering To Text or Convert Bullets To Text.
•Right-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) the selection, and then choose Convert Numbering To Text
or Convert Bullets To Text.
Note: To remove the list numbers or bullets, click the Numbered List button or Bulleted List button to unapply list
formatting to the selected text.
More Help topics
Add paragraph and character styles
Creating a table ofcontents
Captions
Convert style bullets and numbering to text
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Formatting CJK characters
Apply shatai to text
In traditional typesetting technology, characters were slanted by using a lens to distort the glyphs when being set on
film. This oblique style is known as shatai. Shatai is distinct from a simple slant of the glyphs, because it also scales the
glyphs. You can adjust the magnification or angle of text you want to slant from the center point, without changing the
height of the glyph, using the shatai feature in InDesign.
A No scale applied B Magnification 30%, 45 shatai C Selecting the Adjust Tsume option D Selecting the Adjust Rotation option
1Select text.
2Select Shatai from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
3Specify the following options, and click OK:
•Specify the degree of skew in Magnification (In traditional typesetting technology terms, 10% magnification is
lens 1, and 40% magnification is lens 4).
•Set the angle of obliqueness to 30, 45, or 60, in Angle.
•Select Adjust Rotation to rotate the glyphs, and display horizontal lines horizontally for horizontal text, and
vertical lines vertically for vertical text.
•Select Adjust Tsume to apply jidori.
You can fine tune the rotated oblique effect for individual characters, after applying shatai to text.
Rotate characters
1Select the characters.
2In the Character panel, type a value for Character Rotation Specify a minus value to rotate the character to the
right (clockwise).
Adjust aki before and after characters
1Select opening parenthesis or closing parenthesis with the type tool.
2Choose the amount of aki you want to add from the Mojikumi Before Character or Mojikumi After Character
pop-up menu, in the Character panel.
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For example, if you specify 2bu, half a full-width space is added, and if you specify 4bu, a quarter of a full-width space
is added. This aki will not be adjusted when the line is set to full justification. Adjusting aki is especially useful to
override Mojikumi Akiryo Settings for certain characters.
Use tate-chu-yoko
Using tate-chu-yoko (also known as kumimoji or renmoji) is an option to make a part of the text horizontal, in vertical
text. It is easier to read half-width characters such as numbers, dates, and short foreign words in a vertical text frame,
by rotating the text.
You can move text left, right, up, and down when you turn on the Tate-chu-yoko option. You can also set Auto Tate-
chu-yoko for special half-width characters. Auto Tate-chu-yoko is set in the paragraph attributes.
Use tsume or tracking in the Character panel to adjust the character spacing for Tate-chu-yoko.
Apply tate-chu-yoko
1Select the text to which you want to apply tate-chu-yoko.
2Do one of the following:
•Choose Tate-chu-yoko from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
•Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu, choose Tate-chu-yoko
in the Tate-chu-yoko dialog box, and click OK.
If multiple instances of tate-chu-yoko appear next to each other, use the Non-joiner character to keep them separate.
Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Other > Non-joiner.
Remove tate-chu-yoko
1Select the text to which you want to apply tate-chu-yoko.
2Do one of the following:
•Choose and cancel Tate-chu-yoko from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
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•Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu, deselect Tate-chu-yoko in the Tate-chu-yoko
dialog box, and then click OK.
Change tate-chu-yoko settings
1Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu.
2Specify a value for moving the text up or down in X Offset. If you specify a plus value, the text will move up, and if
you specify a minus value, it will move down.
3Specify a value for moving the text left or right in Y Offset. If you specify a plus value, the text will move to the right,
and if you specify a minus value, it will move to the left.
Set Auto Tate-chu-yoko for specific paragraphs
1Select the text to be set to Auto Tate-chu-yoko, or place the text insertion point in the paragraph.
2Choose Auto Tate-chu-yoko from the Paragraph panel menu.
3In KumiNumber, specify the number of successive half-width characters that you want to rotate to vertical
orientation. For example, if this is set to 2, the character string "123" will not rotate, while "12" will.
4If you want to apply tate-chu-yoko to roman text, select Include Roman Characters, and click OK.
Add Ruby to text
In Japanese, Ruby (also known as furigana) is normally used to show the kanji yomi in hiragana. In Simplified Chinese,
Ruby is called Pinyin, while in Traditional Chinese, Ruby is called Chuyin. InDesign provides full support to Japanese
Ruby and limited support to Chinese Pinyin or Chuyin. You can adjust Ruby settings to specify Ruby location, size, or
color. Furthermore, when the ruby is longer than the parent you can specify the ruby distribution. You can also apply
tate-chu-yoko to Ruby.
When the parent to which you want to attach ruby covers two lines, the ruby will follow when the parent moves to the
next line.
Note: In some instances, such as when applying a style that includes a variable, Ruby characters may be removed.
1Select the text to which you want to attach ruby. You cannot attach ruby when there are forced line breaks in the
selected text.
2Select Ruby > Ruby from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
3Enter the ruby characters in Ruby.
4Change Ruby settings by clicking an option on the left side of the dialog box and specifying settings.
5Click OK.
Ruby settings
The following options appear in the different panels of the Ruby dialog box.
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Ruby Placement and Spacing
•From the Type menu, choose Per-Character or Group Ruby. When Per Character Ruby is selected, enter a half or
full width space when inputting Ruby characters to separate them in line with their parent characters. For
"hakunetsutou" for example, enter as "haku netsu tou" (example of a word composed of Japanese characters and its
phonetic spelling is given).
•From the Alignment menu, specify the position of the Ruby characters. You can check the position with the graphic
shown in the sample field.
•To attach ruby above horizontal text or to the right of vertical text, select Above/Right, and to attach below
horizontal text or to the left of vertical text, select Below/Left in Placement.
•Specify the spacing between the ruby and the parent in XOffset and YOffset. When you enter a minus value, the
ruby moves closer to the parent.
Ruby Font and Size
•Select a font family and font style in Font.
•Specify the size of the ruby characters in Size. The default ruby size is half the size of the parent.
•Specify the scale for the height and width of the ruby characters in Horizontal Scale and Vertical Scale.
•Select Use Open Type Pro Ruby Glyphs to use alternate glyphs for ruby (when possible). Specific kana characters
are available for some Open Type Pro fonts. When you select this option, the specific font for ruby characters, and
not the standard kana font, will be used.
•In KumiNumber, specify the number of successive half-width characters that you want to rotate to vertical
orientation. For example, if this is set to 2, the character string "123" will not rotate, while "12" will.
•Select Include Roman Characters to apply tate-chu-yoko to roman text.
•Select Scale to Fit to force the tate-chu-yoko to have the same dimensions (1 em x 1 em) in the ruby string, either
using an OpenType feature or scaling the glyphs.
Adjustment When Ruby Is Longer Than Parent
•With Overhang, when the total Ruby width is greater than that of their parent characters, the specified Ruby will
overflow widthways into the space above characters either side of the parents. For Japanese, character types
compatible with Overhang comply with the JISx4051-1995 specification.
•Specify the parent character spacing necessary for attaching ruby in Spacing. When you select a different option, the
graphics displayed in the sample field are updated.
•To automatically adjust the ruby character width, select Char Width Scaling, and specify the compression scale for
the width of the ruby characters.
•Select Auto Align at Line Edges to align the parent with the start and end of the line.
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Ruby Color
•Select a color swatch in the list box.
•Specify the degree of tinting and line weight, as necessary.
•Select Overprint Fill or Overprint Stroke to set filling or stroke overprint for ruby characters.
(See Determining when to overprint manually.)
Apply kenten
Kenten (also known as Boten) are points which you attach to text you want to highlight. You can select the type of points
from existing kenten forms, or specify customized kenten characters. You can also specify the position, scale, and color
by adjusting the kenten settings.
Apply kenten
1Choose the characters you want to highlight.
2Choose a kenten character, such as Fisheye or White Circle, from Kenten in the Character panel menu or Control
panel menu.
Change kenten settings and color
1Choose Kenten > Kenten from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
2For Kenten Settings, specify the options below:
Kenten TypeSelect a kenten character, such as Fisheye or White Circ le. Choose Custom to specify a custom
character. You can enter characters directly, or you can specify a character code value for the specified character set.
PositionSpecify the spacing between the kenten and characters.
LocationSelect Above/Right to attach kenten above horizontal text or to the right of vertical text, and Below/Left
to attach below horizontal text or to the left of vertical text.
SizeSpecify the size of the kenten character.
AlignSpecify whether the kenten should be displayed in the center (Center) or to the left (Left) (above for vertical
text) of the character's embox.
H/Scale and V/ScaleSpecify the scale for the height and width of the kenten character.
3To change the color of the kenten, choose Kenten Color from the list box, and then specify the options below:
•Select a color swatch from the list box.
•Specify the degree of tinting and line weight, as necessary.
•Select Overprint Fill or Overprint Stroke to set filling or stroke overprint for kenten characters.
(See Determining when to overprint manually.)
4Click OK.
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Align text of different sizes
You can specify how to align text to the largest characters in a line using the Character Alignment option, when
positioning characters of different sizes in 1 line. It is possible to align characters to the top, center or bottom of the
embox (right, center, and left for vertical frames), to the roman baseline, and to the top or bottom of the ICF box (right
or left for vertical frames). ICF (Ideographic Character Face) is the average height and width used by the font designer
to design the ideographic characters which comprise a font.
A Align different size letters above full space letters B Align different size letters in the middle of full space letters C Align different size letters
below full space letters
Note: The Character Alignment option is not effective, even if applied, when all characters are the same size in a line.
1Select a range of text or lines for the characters you want to align, or select a text frame using the selection tool.
2Choose one of the following options from Character Alignment in the Character panel menu or Control panel
menu.
•Roman Baseline aligns the small characters in a line to the large character baseline grid.
•Embox Top/Right, Center, or Embox Bottom/Left align the small characters in a line to the specified position of
the large characters embox. In vertical text frames, Embox Top/Right aligns the text to the right of the embox,
and Embox Bottom/Left aligns the paragraph to the left of the embox.
•ICF Top/Right and ICF Bottom/Left align the small characters in a line to the ICF specified by the large
characters. In vertical text frames, ICF Top/Right aligns the text to the right of the ICF, and ICF Bottom/Left to
the left of the ICF.
More Help topics
Change the text direction
Align paragraphs to a baseline grid
Anchored objects
About anchored objects
Anchored objects are items, such as images or text boxes, that are attached—or anchored—to specific text. The
anchored object travels with the text containing the anchor as the text reflows. Use anchored objects for all objects that
you want associated with a particular line or block of text, for example, sidebars and callouts, figures, or icons associated
with a specific word.
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You can create an anchored object by pasting or placing an object (or frame) into text using the Type tool or by using
the Insert Anchored Object command. When you place the object, Adobe InDesign CS4 adds an anchor marker at the
insertion point. Anchored objects inherit the rotation and skew attributes of the text frame they’re anchored to—even
when the object is positioned outside of the text frame. You can select the object and change these attributes.
You can create anchored objects that use any of the following positions:
InlineAligns the anchored object with the baseline of the insertion point. You can adjust the Y Offset to position the
object above or below the baseline. This is the default type of anchored object. In earlier versions of InDesign, these
objects were called inline graphics.
Above LinePlaces the anchored object above the line with the following choices of alignment: Left, Center, Right,
Towards Spine, Away From Spine, and (Text Alignment). Text Alignment is the alignment applied to the paragraph that
holds the anchor marker.
CustomPlaces the anchored object in the position that you define in the Anchored Object Options dialog box. You can
position the object anywhere inside or outside the text frame.
Note: You can use inline and above line positioned objects with type on a path. (See Add anchored objects to type on a
path.)
A Inline position B Above line position (aligned left) C Custom position (aligned to the edge of the text frame)
Tim Cole provided a shortcut on inserting anchored frames at Anchored Frames Productivity Shortcut.
Create an anchored object
If an object isn’t available to place into the document (for example, sidebar text that is not written yet), you can create
an empty anchored frame as a placeholder for content you can add later. You can resize the anchored frame at any time
and the position settings for the frame update automatically.
1Do one of the following:
•To add an anchored object, use the Type tool to position an insertion point where you want the object’s anchor
to appear, and then place or paste the object.
If the frame for the object is taller than the line of text in which it appears, text might overlap the imported image or
you might see increased space above the line. Consider selecting a different anchored object position, inserting a soft
or hard line break, resizing the inline object, or specifying a different leading value for the surrounding lines.
•To anchor an existing object, select it and choose Edit > Cut. Then, using the Type tool, position the insertion
point where you want the object to appear, and choose Edit >Paste. By default, the anchored object’s position is
inline.
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•To add a placeholder frame for an object that isn’t available (for example, text you have yet to write for a sidebar),
use the Type tool to position the insertion point where you want the object’s anchor to appear; then choose
Object > Anchored Object > Insert.
You can anchor text characters by creating outlines of the text. Creating outlines automatically converts each
character of text to an inline anchored object.
2To position the object, select it with a selection tool and choose Object > Anchored Object > Options. Specify
options as desired.
To bypass the Anchored Object dialog box, use the Insert Anchored Object/Go To Anchor Marker keyboard shortcut.
You’ll need to designate keys for this shortcut in the Keyboard Shortcut Editor (it’s listed in the Text and Tables area).
Pressing the shortcut twice deselects the object and positions the cursor back in the main text. (See
Use keyboard shortcut
sets.)
Inserted Anchored Objects options
When you insert a placeholder for an anchored object, you can specify the following options for the contents:
ContentSpecifies the type of object the placeholder frame will contain.
Note: If you choose Text, an insertion point appears in the text frame; if you choose Graphic or Unassigned, InDesign selects
the object frame.
Object StyleSpecifies the style you want to use to format the object. If you have defined and saved object styles, they
will appear in this menu.
Paragraph StyleSpecifies the paragraph style you want to use to format the object. If you have defined and saved
paragraph styles, they will appear in this menu.
Note: If the object style has a paragraph style enabled and you choose a different style from the Paragraph Style menu, or
if you make changes to the Anchored Position options for a style, a plus sign (+) appears in the Object Style menu indicating
that overrides have been made.
Height and WidthSpecify the dimensions of the placeholder frame.
Inline and Above Line position options
When you choose Inline or Above Line from the Position menu in the Anchored Object Options dialog box, the
following options are available for setting the position of the anchored object. (You can also access these options in the
Insert Anchored Object dialog box.)
InlineAligns the bottom of the anchored object to the baseline. Inline objects are subject to certain constraints when
moving along the y axis: the top of the object can’t go below the bottom leading slug and the bottom of the object can’t
go above the top of the leading slug.
Y OffsetAdjusts the position on the baseline. You can also use the mouse to drag the object vertically on the page.
Above LineAligns the object above the text line containing the anchor marker and below the line of text above the
anchor marker.
AlignmentChoose from the following options:
Left, Right, and CenterAlign the object within the text column. These options ignore indent values applied to the
paragraph and align the object within the entire column.
Towards Spine and Away From SpineAlign the object left or right depending on the side of the spread the object is on.
These options ignore indent values applied to the paragraph and align the object within the entire column.
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(Text Alignment)Aligns the object based on the alignment defined by the paragraph. This option uses the paragraph
indent values when aligning the object.
Space BeforeSpecifies the position of the object relative to the bottom of the leading slug in the preceding line of text.
Positive values lower both the object and the text below it. Negative values move the text below the object up toward
the object. The maximum negative value is the height of the object.
Space AfterSpecifies the position of the object relative to the cap-height of the first character in the line below the
object. A value of 0 aligns the bottom of the object to the cap-height position. Positive values move the text below the
object down (away from the bottom of the object). Negative values move the text below the object up (toward the
object).
A A Space Before value of 0P10 moves the object and it’s associated text further away from the text line above it. B A Space After value of 0p10
moves the object and the text line above it further away from its associated text line (below).
Note: Anchored objects set to Above Line will always remain with the line that holds the anchor; the text won’t compose
such that the object is on the bottom of one page and the anchor marker’s line is at the top of the next page.
Custom position options
You can use the following options when positioning a custom-positioned anchored object. You can specify these
options in the Insert Anchored Object dialog box or the Anchored Object Options dialog box. For step-by-step
instructions for using these options, see
Position a custom-positioned anchored object.
Relative To SpineSpecifies whether the object aligns relative to the document spine. When you select this option, the
Anchored Object Reference Point proxy displays as a two page spread. The two pages mirror each other. When selected,
objects positioned on one side of a spread, for instance the outside margin, remain on the outside margin even when
the text reflows to a facing page.
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A Relative To Spine not selected: the object remains on the left side of the text frame when text reflows across to the right side of the spread.
B
Relative To Spine selected: the object remains on the outside edge of the page when the text reflows to the right side of the spread.
Note: If, after you select Relative To Spine you adjust the X Offset value, the direction the object moves may change. This
change occurs because the direction of movement depends partly on the side of the spread the object is on.
Anchored Object Reference Point
Specifies the location on the object that you want to align to the location on the page (as specified by the Anchored
Position Reference Point). For example, if you want to align the right side of the object with a page item, such as a text
frame, click a rightmost point on this proxy. For more information on using this reference point, see
Position a custom-
positioned anchored object.
Anchored Position Reference Point
Specifies the location on the page (as defined by the X and Y Relative To options), to which you want to align the object.
For example, if you choose Text Frame for X Relative To and Line (Baseline) for Y Relative To, this proxy represents the
horizontal area of the text frame and the vertical area of the text line containing the object’s anchor marker. If you click
the leftmost point on this proxy, the object’s reference point
will align with the left edge of the text frame and the
baseline of the text.
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Note: Depending on what you choose for X Relative To and Y Relative To, the Anchored Position Reference Point proxy
displays either three or nine positions. Line options, such as Line (Baseline) provide only three options—middle left, center,
and middle right—because the vertical positioning is established by the anchor marker in the text.
X Relative ToSpecifies what you want to use as the basis for horizontal alignment. For instance, Text Frame lets you
align the object to the left, center, or right side of the text frame. Where exactly it aligns horizontally depends on the
reference points you choose and any offset you specify for X Offset.
For example, if you want the object to appear in the page margin with its right edge flush with the page margin, choose
Page Margin for X Relative To and specify a rightmost point on the Anchored Object Reference Point proxy and a
leftmost point for the Anchored Position Reference Point proxy.
A. Aligning the right side of the object to the left side of the text frame B. Aligning the right side of the object
to the left side of the page margin
X OffsetMoves the object left or right. Whether it moves to the left or right depends on the reference point. If aligning
to the center of the page item, positive values move the object to the right. The direction of movement also depends on
whether you’ve selected Relative To Spine.
Y Relative ToSpecifies what the object aligns with vertically. For example, Page Edge lets you use the edge of the page
as the basis for aligning the object to the top, center, or bottom of the page. The Anchored Position Reference Point
specifies if the object aligns to the top, center, or bottom of this page item. If you choose a line option, such as Line
(Baseline), the Anchored Position Reference Point displays only the middle horizontal row of points.
A Aligning the top of the object to the top page edge B Aligning the bottom of the object to the bottom the page edge
Y OffsetMoves the object up or down. Positive values move the object downward.
Keep Within Top/Bottom Column BoundariesKeeps the object inside the text column if reflowing text would otherwise
cause it to move outside of the boundaries. In such instances, the bottom of the object will align to the bottom inset, or
the top of the object will align to the top inset. For example, an anchored object off to the side of a line of text and in
the middle of a column looks fine; however, without this option selected, if the anchored marker flows to the bottom
of the column, the object may drop below the column edge or partially off the page. When this option is selected, you
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can’t drag the object above or below the column boundaries. If you resize the object, it will move back into alignment
with the top or bottom boundaries of the column, if necessary. This option is only available when you select a line
option, such as Line (Baseline) for Y Relative To.
Note: When InDesign overrides the object’s position to fall within the bounds of the column, the Y offset value you specify
appears in the dialog box with a plus sign (+).
Prevent Manual PositioningEnsures that you can’t move the anchored object by dragging or nudging it on the page.
PreviewDisplays the position adjustments on the page as you make them.
Position a custom-positioned anchored object
Note the following when using the Anchored Object Options dialog box to position custom-positioned anchored
objects.
•The custom position options include four main options: The two Reference Point proxies and the X and Y Relative
To menus. These options all work together to specify the object’s location. For instance, what you choose for X
Relative To and Y Relative To determines what the Anchored Position Reference Point represents—it could be a text
frame, a text line within a column, or an entire page. The following image represents how you can change the
location of the object by choosing a different reference point while leaving the X and Y Relative To options
unchanged.
A. Choosing the lower right point on the Anchored Object proxy and left center point on Anchored Position proxy. B.
Changing Anchored Object proxy point to upper left corner and leaving the Anchored Position proxy point at center
left C. Leaving the Anchored Object proxy at top left and changing Anchored Position proxy point to center right
•To create an anchored object that maintains its position on the page (such as the top left corner) as text reflows and
moves only when the text reflows to another page, anchor the object to the page margins or page edges. For example,
set both X Relative To and Y Relative To to Page Margin, click the top left reference point for the object
and the
top left reference point for the page item . As the text reflows, the object remains in the top left corner, within
the page margins. Only when the text line containing the anchor flows to another page does the object move—to
the top left corner of the next page.
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A. Position object using use Page Margin or Page Edge for X and Y Relative To B. When text reflows, object does not
follow text until text moves to another page
•To keep the object aligned with a specific line of text so that the object stays with that text when it reflows, choose a
Line option from the Y Relative To menu.
•To keep the object within the text frame, but not with a specific line of text when text reflows, choose Text Frame
from the X Relative To menu.
•To align the object relative to the margin (for example, to create a sidebar that stays in the outside margin as the text
reflows from page to page), select Relative To Spine.
1Select the object and choose Object > Anchored Object > Options.
2From the Position menu, choose Custom.
To see the object move on the page as you specify options, select Preview at the bottom of the dialog box.
3To keep the object on the same side of the page, relative to the document spine, select Relative To Spine. For example,
select this if you want the object to always appear in the outside margin, no matter what side of the spread it is on.
4Click the point on the Anchored Object Reference Point proxy that represents the point on the object that you
want to align to the page.
5From the X Relative To menu, choose the page item that you want to use as the horizontal basis for alignment of the
object. For example, choose Text Frame to align the object to left, right, or center of the text frame.
6From the Y Relative To menu, choose the page item that you want to use as the vertical basis for alignment of the
object. For example, if you want the object to align to the baseline of the text to which it’s anchored, choose Line
(Baseline).
7Click the point on the Anchored Position Reference Point proxy that represents where within the page items
chosen from the X and Y Relative To menus that you want to align the object.
8Specify an X Offset or Y Offset to nudge or move the object away from the alignment point.
9To ensure that the object does not extend below or above a column edge as text reflows, select Keep within
Top/Bottom Column Boundaries. This option is only available when you select a line option, such as Line (Baseline),
from the Y Relative To menu.
10Click OK.
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Working with anchored objects using drag-and-drop (CS5.5)
Working with anchored objects using drag-and-drop (CS5.5)
You can drag an existing object into a text frame to anchor it or move it. Use the Selection tool or Direct Selection
tool to select the object, and then drag the blue square near the upper-right corner of the text frame. Do one of the
following:
•To anchor an existing object, drag the blue square to the position where you want the object’s anchor to appear.
•To create an inline object, press Shift and drag the blue square to the position where you want the object to appear.
•To specify anchored object options, press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) and drag the blue square to the
position where you want the object’s anchor to appear.
Selecting and copying anchored objects
Using the Selection tool, you can select only one anchored object at a time. Using the Type tool, you can select a range
of text with multiple anchored object markers. When you select multiple anchor markers with the Type tool, you can
change the position options for all the anchored objects at once.
Note: If you have more than one anchored object in the same position—for example, if one line of type holds the markers
for two anchored objects with the same anchoring attributes—the objects will overlap each other.
When you copy text containing an anchored object marker, you copy the anchored object as well. If you copy an
anchored object and paste it outside of text, the anchored object becomes an independent image that is not linked to
text.
View anchored object markers on the page
To view anchors and their relationship to the text on the page, you can display object markers. Use any of the following
methods:
•To view the anchor markers in the text, choose Type > Show Hidden Characters.
•To view a dashed line from an anchor marker to its associated custom-positioned object, select the object and choose
View > Extras > Show Text Threads. The thread extends from the anchor marker to the current proxy point for the
anchored object.
•To view anchor symbols on anchored objects, choose View > Extras > Show Frame Edges. Viewing anchor
symbols is helpful when determining which objects are anchored.
Reposition an anchored object on the page manually
Moving a frame moves its anchored objects, unless the object is positioned relative to margins or pages.
Note: Before moving an anchored object, make sure that you deselect the Prevent Manual Positioning option for the object
in the Anchored Objects dialog box or choose Object > Unlock Position.
❖Do one of the following:
•To move inline anchored objects, use the Selection tool or Direct Selection tool to select the object, and then
drag vertically. You can move inline objects vertically only, not horizontally.
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If you want to move an inline or above line object outside of the text frame, convert it to a custom-positioned object
and then move it as desired.
•To move inline anchored objects, use the Selection tool or Direct Selection tool to select the object, and then drag
vertically in horizontal frame or horizontally in a vertical frame. In horizontal text, you can move inline objects
vertically only, not horizontally. In vertical text, you can move inline objects horizontally only.
•To move an inline anchored object parallel to the baseline, place the insertion point before or after the object and
specify a new value for kerning.
If you want to move an inline or above line object outside of the text frame, convert it to a custom-positioned object
and then move it as desired.
To move custom-positioned anchored objects, use the Selection tool or Direct Selection tool to select the object, and
then drag vertically or horizontally.
You can also rotate and transform an anchored object. (See Transform objects and Rotate objects .)
Resize an anchored object
Before resizing an anchored object, make sure that you deselect the Prevent Manual Positioning option in the Anchored
Objects Options dialog box.
❖Use the Selection tool or Direct Selection tool to select the object, and then drag the side or corner handle.
Note: Vertically resizing inline or above line anchor markers might result in the object becoming overset. If the anchor
marker is overset, the object will be overset as well.
Resizing an anchored object might also reposition the object. For example, if you’ve aligned the right side of an object
to the left side of the text frame, and then you drag the object’s right side handle 1 pica to the left (away from the text
frame boundary), the object will resize and then move back 1 pica to the right.
Release an anchored object
If you no longer want an object to move relative to its associated text, you can release it to remove its anchor.
❖Select the anchored object with a selection tool, and choose Object > Anchored Object > Release.
The object’s position on the page doesn’t move.
Note: Release doesn’t work for inline or above line objects. If you can’t use Release, select the anchored object and then
cut and paste it. You can also use the Type tool to select and cut the anchored object.
Articles (CS5.5)
Introduction to articles
Articles provide an easy way to create relationships among page items. These relationships can be used to define the
content to be exported to EPUB, HTML, or Accessible PDFs; and to define the order of the content. You can create
articles from a combination of existing page items within a layout, including images, graphics, or text. Once an article
has been created, page items can be added, removed, or reordered. Articles can be created manually by dragging one
or more page items to an article in the Articles panel.
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You can also add bulk content to an article. Adding selected content to selected article, or adding an entire document
content to an article is supported.
Note: The XML structure panel provides another mechanism to decide the order of the content to be exported to the ePub,
HTML, and Accessible PDF exports workflows. The Articles panel is designed to be simpler, easier to use, and more
accessible, for people without XML skills. However, the ability to use the XML structure panel has not been removed; it is
now an option alongside the use of the Articles panel during the export process. See
Structuring documents for XML .
Create an article and add content to it
1Choose Window > Articles to open the Articles panel.
2Select the page items to add to the article.
To create an empty article, don’t select a page item in the layout.
3Do one of the following:
•Choose New Article from the Articles panel menu.
•Click Create New Article at the bottom of the Articles panel.
•Drag story or page element to the Articles panel.
4In the New Article dialog box, enter a name for the article.
5Select Include When Exporting to add the article to the EPUB/HTML export output.
Add all page items in a document to an article
To add all the page items to an article:
1Choose Window > Articles to open the Articles panel.
2Select an article to add the items to. If you don’t select an article, a new article is created.
3Press Command (Mac OS) or Ctrl (Windows) and then click the in the Articles panel.
4If a New Article dialog box opens, enter a name for the article.
5Select Include When Exporting to add the article to the EPUB/HTML export.
If you’ve selected an article, choose Add Document Content to Selected Articles from the articles panel menu.
Managing articles
You can manage articles using the Articles panel. You can drag page elements into the Articles panel to add them to an
article. Drag items in the Articles panel to change the order, or move them from one article to another.
The Articles panel pop-up menu also provides options to manage content.
Include articles for export
You can create articles and select which articles to include while exporting to EPUB or HTML. By default, all articles
are selected for export.
To include an article while exporting, in the Articles panel, select the article and do one of the following:
•Select the check box next to the article.
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•Choose Article Options from the Articles panel pop-up menu and then select Include When Exporting.
Spell-checking and language dictionaries
Check spelling
You can spell-check a selected range of text, in all of the text in a story, in all stories in a document, or in all stories in
all open documents. Misspelled or unknown words, words typed twice in a row (such as “the the”), and words with
possible capitalization errors are highlighted. In addition to checking the spelling in a document, you can also enable
dynamic spelling so that potentially misspelled words are underlined while you type.
When you check spelling, the dictionary for the languages you assigned to the text is used. You can quickly add words
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