•For Double Quotes, select a pair of quotation marks, or type the pair of characters you want to use.
•For Single Quotes, select a pair of quotation marks, or type the pair of characters you want to use.
Insert straight quotation marks
❖Do one of the following:
•Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Quotation Marks > Straight Double Quotation Marks or Straight
Single Quotation Mark (Apostrophe).
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•Deselect the Use Typographer’s Quotes option in the Type section of the Preferences dialog box, and then type
the quotation mark or apostrophe.
•Press Shift+Ctrl+Alt+' (Windows) or Shift+Command+Option+' (Mac OS) to switch between turning on and
off the Use Typographer’s Quotes preferences option.
The character frequently used to indicate feet, arcminutes, or minutes of time is the prime mark. It looks like a slanted
apostrophe. The character frequently used to indicate inches, arcseconds, or seconds of time is the double prime mark.
These symbols are different from apostrophes and double quotation marks. Some fonts include the prime and double prime
marks. Use the Glyphs panel to insert these marks. If the font doesn’t have a prime or double prime mark, insert the straight
quotation mark, and italicize it.
Insert white space characters
A white space character is a blank space that appears between characters. You can use white-space characters for many
different purposes, such as preventing two words from being broken at the end of a line.
1Using the Type tool, position the insertion point where you want to insert a certain amount of white space.
2Choose Type > Insert White Space, and then select one of the spacing options (such as Em Space) in the context
menu.
Representative symbols of the white-space characters appear when you choose Type > Show Hidden Characters.
White space options
The following options appear on the Type > Insert White Space menu:
Ideographic Space
This is a space that is based on a full-width character in Asian languages. It wraps to the next line as with other full-
width characters.
Em Space
Equal in width to the size of the type. In 12-point type, an em space is 12 points wide.
En Space
One-half the width of an em space.
Nonbreaking Space
The same flexible width as pressing the spacebar, but it prevents the line from being broken at the space character.
Nonbreaking Space (Fixed Width)
A fixed width space prevents the line from being broken at the space character, but does not expand or compress in
justified text. The fixed width space is identical to the Nonbreaking Space character inserted in InCopy CS2.
Third Space
One-third the width of an em space.
Quarter Space
One-fourth the width of an em space.
Sixth Space
One-sixth the width of an em space.
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Flush Space
Adds a variable amount of space to the last line of a fully justified paragraph, useful for justifying text in the last line.
(See
Change Justification settings.)
Hair Space
One-twenty-fourth the width of an em space.
Thin Space
One-eighth the width of an em space. You may want to use a thin space on either side of an em dash or en dash.
Figure Space
Same width as a number in the typeface. Use a figure space to help align numbers in financial tables.
Punctuation Space
Same width as an exclamation point, period, or colon in the typeface.
About Adobe SING Glyphlet Manager
The Adobe SING Glyphlet Manager is a utility for installing and searching for glyphlets. It is not included in Adobe
Creative Suite 5.
More Help topics
OpenType fonts
Create hanging punctuation
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Chapter 7: Styles
Working with styles
Duplicate styles or style groups
❖Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) a style or style group in the Styles panel, and then choose
Duplicate Style.
A new style or group appears in the Styles panel, with the same name followed by “copy.” If you duplicated a group
of styles, the style names within the new group remain the same.
You can also duplicate styles by copying them to another group.
Group styles
You can organize styles by grouping them into separate folders in the Character Styles, Paragraph Styles, Object Styles,
Table Styles, and Cell Styles panels. You can even nest groups within groups. Styles do not need to be in a group; you
can add them to a group or to the root level of the panel.
Create a style group
1In the Styles panel:
•To create the group at the root level, deselect all styles.
•To create a group within a group, select and open a group.
•To include existing styles in the group, select the styles.
2Choose New Style Group from the Styles panel menu, or choose New Group From Styles to move the selected styles
into the new group.
3Type the name of the group and click OK.
4To move a style into the group, drag the style over the style group. When the style group is highlighted, release the
mouse button.
Copy styles to a group
When you copy a style to a different group, the styles are not linked. Even though they have the same name, editing one
style does not change the attributes of the other style.
1Select the style or group you want to copy.
2Choose Copy To Group from the Styles panel menu.
3Select the group (or [Root] level) that you want to copy the styles or group to, and then click OK.
If the group already contains style names identical to those being copied, incoming styles are renamed.
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Expand or collapse style groups
•To expand or collapse only one group, click the triangle icon next to it.
•To expand or collapse the group and all its subgroups, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) the
triangle icon.
Delete style groups
Deleting a style group deletes the group and everything inside it, including styles and other groups.
1Select the group you want to delete.
2Choose Delete Style Group from the Styles panel menu, and then click Yes.
3For each style in the group, specify a replacement style or choose [None], and then click OK.
If you want to use the same replacement style for all styles, select Apply To All.
If you cancel the replacement of any style, the group is not deleted. You can recover deleted styles by choosing Edit >
Undo Delete Styles.
Move and reorder styles
By default, styles you create appear at the bottom of the style group or panel.
•To alphabetize all groups and styles within groups, choose Sort By Name from the Styles panel menu.
•To move a single style, drag it to a new location. A black line indicates where the style will be moved to; a highlighted
group folder indicates that the style will be added to that group.
Paragraph and character styles
About character and paragraph styles
A character style is a collection of character formatting attributes that can be applied to text in a single step. A paragraph
style includes both character and paragraph formatting attributes, and can be applied to a paragraph or range of
paragraphs. Paragraph styles and character styles are found on separate panels. Paragraph and characters styles are
sometimes called text styles.
A named grid format can be applied to a frame grid in the Frame Grid format settings. (See Named Grids panel
overview .) You can also use create an object style with grid characteristics. (See About object styles .)
When you change the formatting of a style, all text to which the style has been applied will be updated with the new
format.
You can create, edit, and delete styles in stand-alone Adobe InCopy documents or in InCopy content that is linked to
an Adobe InDesign CS4 document. When the contents are updated in InDesign, new styles are added to the InDesign
document, but any style modifications made in InCopy will be overridden by the InDesign style. For linked content, it
is usually best to manage your styles in InDesign.
For a video tutorial on making a paragraph style, see www.adobe.com/go/lrvid4277_id. For a video tutorial on using
text styles, see www.adobe.com/go/vid0076.
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Thomas Silkjaer provides samples of styles at Free InDesign Style Template.
[Basic Paragraph] styles
By default, each new document contains a [Basic Paragraph] style that is applied to text you type. You can edit this style,
but you can’t rename or delete it. You can rename and delete styles that you create. You can also select a different default
style to apply to text.
Character style attributes
Unlike paragraph styles, character styles do not include all the formatting attributes of selected text. Instead, when you
create a character style, InDesign makes only those attributes that are different from the formatting of the selected text
part of the style. That way, you can create a character style that, when applied to text, changes only some attributes, such
as the font family and size, ignoring all other character attributes. If you want other attributes to be part of the style, add
them when editing the style.
Next Style
You can automatically apply styles as you type text. If, for example, your document’s design calls for the style “body text”
to follow a heading style named “heading 1,” you can set the Next Style option for “heading 1” to “body text.” After
you’ve typed a paragraph styled with “heading 1,” pressing Enter or Return starts a new paragraph styled with “body
text.”
If you use the context menu when applying a style to two or more paragraphs, you can cause the parent style to be
applied to the first paragraph and the Next Style to be applied to the additional paragraphs. (See
Apply styles.)
To use the Next Style feature, choose a style from the Next Style menu when you’re creating or editing a style.
Jeff Witchel provides a video tutorial about using the Next Style feature at Using the Next Style feature.
Styles panel overview
Use the Character Styles panel to create, name, and apply character styles to text within a paragraph; use the Paragraph
Styles panel to create, name, and apply paragraph styles to entire paragraphs. Styles are saved with a document and
display in the panel each time you open that document.
When you select text or position the insertion point, any style that has been applied to that text is highlighted in either
of the Styles panels, unless the style is in a collapsed style group. If you select a range of text that contains multiple styles,
no style is highlighted in the Styles panel. If you select a range of text to which multiple styles are applied, the Styles
panel displays “(Mixed).”
Open the Paragraph Styles panel
❖Choose Type > Paragraph Styles, or click the Paragraph Styles tab, which appears by default on the right side of the
application window.
Open the Character Styles panel
❖Choose Type > Character Styles, or click the Character Styles tab on the right side of the application window.
Add paragraph and character styles
If the styles you want already exist in another InDesign, InCopy, or word-processing document, you can import those
styles for use in your current document. If you are working with a stand-alone story, you can also define character and
paragraph styles in InCopy.
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Define paragraph or character styles
1If you want to base a new style on the formatting of existing text, select that text or place the insertion point in it.
If a group is selected in the Styles panel, the new style will be part of that group.
2Choose New Paragraph Style from the Paragraph Styles panel menu, or choose New Character Style from the
Character Styles panel menu.
3For Style Name, type a name for your new style.
4For Based On, select which style the current style is based on.
Note: The Based On option lets you link styles to each other, so that changes in one style ripple through the styles that
are based on it. By default, new styles are based on [No Paragraph Style] for paragraph styles or [None] for character
styles, or on the style of any currently selected text.
5For Next Style (Paragraph Styles panel only), specify which style is applied after the current style when you press
Enter or Return.
6To add a keyboard shortcut, position the insertion point in the Shortcut box, and make sure Num Lock is turned
on. Then hold down any combination of Shift, Alt, and Ctrl (Windows), or Shift, Option, and Command (Mac OS),
and press a number on the numeric keypad. You cannot use letters or non-keypad numbers for defining style
shortcuts. If your keyboard does not have a Num Lock key, you cannot add keyboard shortcuts to styles.
7If you want the new style to be applied to the selected text, select Apply Style To Selection.
8To specify the formatting attributes, click a category (such as Basic Character Formats) on the left, and specify the
attributes you want to add to your style.
When specifying a Character Color in the Style Options dialog box, you can create a new color by double-clicking
the fill or stroke box.
9For character styles, attributes you do not specify are ignored; when the style is applied, text will retain the paragraph
style formatting for that attribute. To remove an attribute setting from a character style:
•From a setting’s menu, choose (Ignore).
•In a text box, delete the option text.
•In a check box, click until you see a small box (Windows) or a hyphen (-) (Mac OS).
•For a character color, hold down Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS) and click the color swatch.
10When you’ve finished specifying the formatting attributes, click OK.
Styles you create appear only in the current document. If no document is open, the styles you create will appear in all
new documents.
Base one paragraph or character style on another
Many document designs feature hierarchies of styles sharing certain attributes. The headings and subheads, for
example, often use the same font. You can easily create links between similar styles by creating a base, or parent, style.
When you edit the parent style, the child styles will change as well. You can then edit the child styles to distinguish them
from the parent style.
To create a style that’s nearly identical to another style, but without the parent-child relationship, use the Duplicate Style
command and then edit the copy.
1Create a new style.
2In the New Paragraph Style or New Character Style dialog box, select the parent style in the Based On menu. The
new style becomes the child style.
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By default, new styles are based on [No Paragraph Style] or [None], or on the style of any currently selected text.
3Specify formatting in the new style to distinguish it from the style on which it’s based. For example, you might want
to make the font used in a subheading slightly smaller than the one used in the heading (parent) style.
If you make changes to the formatting of a child style and decide you want to start over, click Reset To Base. That restores
the child style’s formatting to be identical to the style on which it’s based. Then you can specify new formatting. Similarly,
if you change the Based On style of the child style, the child style definition is updated to match its new parent style.
Import styles from other documents
You can import paragraph and character styles from another InDesign document (any version) into the active
document. During import, you can determine which styles are loaded and what should occur if a loaded style has the
same name as a style in the current document. You can also import styles from an InCopy document.
You can import paragraph styles and character styles from an InDesign or InCopy document into a stand-alone InCopy
document or InCopy content that is linked to InDesign. You can determine which styles are loaded, and what should
occur if a loaded style has the same name as a style in the current document.
Note: If you import styles into linked content, new styles are added to the InDesign document when the content is updated,
and any style with a name conflict is overridden by the InDesign style with the same name.
1In the Character Styles or Paragraph Styles panel, do one of the following:
•Choose Load Character Styles or Load Paragraph Styles in the Styles panel menu.
•Choose Load All Text Styles in the Styles panel menu to load both character and paragraph styles.
2Double-click the InDesign document containing the styles you want to import.
3In the Load Styles dialog box, make sure that a check mark appears next to the styles you want to import. If any
existing style has the same name as one of the imported styles, choose one of the following options under Conflict
With Existing Style, and then click OK:
Use Incoming Style DefinitionOverwrites the existing style with the loaded style and applies its new attributes to all
text in the current document that used the old style. The definitions of the incoming and existing styles are displayed
at the bottom of the Load Styles dialog box so that you can view a comparison.
Auto-RenameRenames the loaded style. For example, if both documents have a Subheading style, the loaded style
is renamed “Subheading copy” in the current document.
You can also use the Books feature to share styles. (See Synchronize book documents .)
Map styles to export tags | CC, CS6, CS5.5
Introduction to export tags
Use Export Tagging to define how text with InDesign styles is marked up in HTML, EPUB, or tagged PDF output.
You can also specify CSS class names to add to the exported content. In EPUB/HTML export, CSS classes can be used
to differentiate between slight variations in styling. It is not required that you enter a class name - InDesign
automatically generates one based on the Style Name.
You cannot preview Export Tagging within the InDesign layout, as it only impacts the exported EPUB, HTML, or PDF
file.
Edit All Export Tags lets you efficiently view and modify the mappings in a single dialog box.
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Define style-tag mapping
1For the style to map, open the paragraph, character, or Object Style Options dialog box.
2Click Export Tagging in the left pane, and do one of the following:
•Choose a Tag to map for EPUB and HTML output.
•Specify a Class to map for EPUB and HTML output. Class names are used to generate style definitions for default
tags.
•If you want to include this style in the CSS, select the Emit CSS checkbox. If you don’t select the checkbox, no
CSS class will be generated for this style. If you have two or more styles having the same class assigned, InDesign
displays an error/warning message while exporting. This option is available only in InDesign CC.
•Choose a Tag to map for PDF output. This option is available only for paragraph styles.
Edit all export tags
You can view and modify all export tags together in a single window.
1Select Edit All Export Tags in the Paragraph, Character, or Object style panel menu.
2Click EPUB and HTML, or PDF.
3Click the tag corresponding to the style. It gets converted to a list; choose the new value.
Convert Word styles to InDesign styles
While importing a Microsoft Word document into InDesign or InCopy, you can map each style used in Word to a
corresponding style in InDesign or InCopy. By doing so, you specify which styles format the imported text. A disk icon
appears next to each imported Word style until you edit the style in InDesign or InCopy.
1Do one of the following:
•To add the Word document to existing text in InDesign or InCopy, choose File > Place. Select Show Import
Options, and then double-click the Word document.
•To open the Word document in a stand-alone InCopy document, start InCopy, choose File > Open, and then
double-click the Word file.
2Select Preserve Styles And Formatting From Text And Tables.
3Select Customized Style Import, and then click Style Mapping.
4In the Style Mapping dialog box, select the Word style, and then select an option from the menu under InCopy style.
You can choose the following options:
•If there is no style name conflict, choose New Paragraph Style, New Character Style, or choose an existing InCopy
style.
•If there is a style name conflict, choose Redefine InCopy Style to format the imported style text with the Word
style. Choose an existing InCopy style to format the imported style text with the InCopy style. Choose Auto
Rename to rename the Word style.
5Click OK to close the Style Mapping dialog box, and then click OK to import the document.
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Apply styles
By default, applying a paragraph style won’t remove any existing character formatting or character styles applied to part
of a paragraph, although you have the option of removing existing formatting when you apply a style. A plus sign (+)
appears next to the current paragraph style in the Styles panel if the selected text uses a character or paragraph style and
also uses additional formatting that isn’t part of the applied style. Such additional formatting is called an override or
local formatting.
Character styles remove or reset character attributes of existing text if those attributes are defined by the style.
Apply a character style
1Select the characters to which you want to apply the style.
2Do one of the following:
•Click the character style name in the Character Styles panel.
•Select the character style name from the drop-down list in the Control panel.
•Press the keyboard shortcut you assigned to the style. (Make sure that Num Lock is on.)
Apply a paragraph style
1Click in a paragraph, or select all or part of the paragraphs to which you want to apply the style.
2Do one of the following:
•Click the paragraph style name in the Paragraph Styles panel.
•Select the paragraph style name from the menu in the Control panel.
•Press the keyboard shortcut you assigned to the style. (Make sure that Num Lock is on.)
3If any unwanted formatting remains in the text, choose Clear Overrides from the Paragraph Styles panel.
Apply sequential styles to multiple paragraphs
The Next Style option specifies which style will be automatically applied when you press Enter or Return after applying
a particular style. It also lets you apply different styles to multiple paragraphs in a single action.
For example, suppose you have three styles for formatting a newspaper column: Title, Byline, and Body. Title uses Byline
for Next Style, Byline uses Body for Next Style, and Body uses [Same Style] for Next Style. If you select an entire article,
including the title, the author’s byline, and the paragraphs in the article, and then apply the Title style using the special
“Next Style” command in the context menu, the article’s first paragraph will be formatted with the Title style, the second
paragraph will be formatted with the Byline style, and all other paragraphs will be formatted with the Body style.
1Select the paragraphs to which you want to apply the styles.
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2In the Paragraph Styles panel, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the parent style, and then choose
Apply [Style Name] Then Next Style.
If the text includes formatting overrides or character styles, the context menu also lets you remove overrides, character
styles, or both.
Edit character and paragraph styles
One of the advantages of using styles is that when you change the definition of a style, all of the text formatted with that
style changes to match the new style definition.
Note: If you edit styles in InCopy content that’s linked to an InDesign document, the modifications are overridden when
the linked content is updated.
Edit a style using the dialog box
1Do one of the following:
•If you don’t want the style to be applied to selected text, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the
style name in the Styles panel, and choose Edit [style name].
•In the Styles panel, double-click the style name, or select the style and choose Style Options in the Styles panel
menu. Note that this applies the style to any selected text or text frame or, if no text or text frame is selected, sets
the style as the default style for any text you type in new frames.
2Adjust settings in the dialog box, and then click OK.
Redefine a style to match selected text
After you apply a style, you can override any of its settings. If you decide you like the changes you made, you can
redefine the style so that it matches the formatting of the text you changed.
Note: If you redefine styles in InCopy content linked to an InDesign document, the modifications are overridden when the
linked content is updated.
1Using the Type tool , select the text formatted with the style you want to redefine.
2Make changes to the paragraph or character attributes as necessary.
3Choose Redefine Style in the Styles panel menu.
Delete character or paragraph styles
When you delete a style, you can select a different style to replace it, and you can choose whether to preserve the
formatting. When you delete a style group, you delete all styles within the group. You are prompted to replace each style
in the group one at a time.
1Select the style name in the Styles panel.
2Do one of the following:
•Choose Delete Style in the panel menu or click the Delete icon at the bottom of the panel.
•Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the style, and then choose Delete Style. This method is
especially useful for deleting a style without applying it to text.
3In the Delete Paragraph Style dialog box, select the style to replace it.
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If you select [No Paragraph Style] to replace a paragraph style or [None] to replace a character style, select Preserve
Formatting to keep the formatting of text to which the style is applied. The text preserves its formatting but is no
longer associated with a style.
4Click OK.
To delete all unused styles, choose Select All Unused in the Styles panel menu, and then click the Delete icon. When you
delete an unused style, you are not prompted to replace the style.
Override character and paragraph styles
When you apply a paragraph style, character styles and other previous formatting remain intact. After you apply a style,
you can override any of its settings by applying formatting that’s not part of the style. When formatting that is not part
of a style is applied to text with that style applied, it is called an override or local formatting. When you select text with
an override, a plus sign (+) appears next to the style name. In character styles, an override is displayed only if the applied
attribute is part of the style. For example, if a character style only changes text color, applying a different font size to the
text does not appear as an override.
You can clear character styles and formatting overrides when you apply a style. You can also clear overrides from a
paragraph to which a style has been applied.
If a style has a plus sign (+) next to it, hold the mouse pointer over the style to view a description of the override
attributes.
Preserve or remove overrides when applying paragraph styles
•To apply a paragraph style and preserve character styles, but remove overrides, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option
(Mac OS) as you click the name of the style in the Paragraph Styles panel.
•To apply a paragraph style and remove both character styles and overrides, hold down Alt+Shift (Windows) or
Option+Shift (Mac OS) as you click the name of the style in the Paragraph Styles panel.
Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the style in the Paragraph Styles panel, and then choose an option
from the context menu. You can then clear overrides, character styles, or both while applying the style.
Clear paragraph style overrides
1Select the text containing the overrides. You can even select multiple paragraphs with different styles.
2In the Paragraph Styles panel, do any of the following:
•To remove paragraph and character formatting, click the Clear Overrides icon , or choose Clear Overrides
from the Paragraph Styles panel.
•To remove character overrides, but preserve paragraph formatting overrides, hold down Ctrl (Windows) or
Command (Mac OS) as you click the Clear Overrides icon.
•To remove paragraph-level overrides, but preserve character-level overrides, in the Paragraph Styles panel, hold
down Shift+Ctrl (Windows) or Shift+Command (Mac OS) as you click the Clear Overrides icon.
Note: When you clear overrides, paragraph-level overrides are removed from the entire paragraph, even if only part of
the paragraph is selected. Character-level overrides are removed only from the selection.
Clearing overrides does not remove character style formatting. To remove character style formatting, select the text
containing the character style, and then click [None] in the Character Styles panel.
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Break the link between text and its style
When you break the link between text and its style, the text retains its current formatting. However, future changes to
that style will not be reflected in the text that was separated from the style.
1Select the text that is marked with the style that you want to break from.
2Choose Break Link To Style from the Styles panel menu.
If no text is selected when you choose Break Link To Style, any new text you type uses the same formatting as the
selected style, but no style is assigned to that text.
Convert style bullets and numbering to text
When you create a style that adds bullets or numbering to paragraphs, these bullets and numbers may be lost if the text
is copied or exported to a different application. To avoid this problem, convert the style bullets or numbering to text.
Note: If you convert style bullets in an InCopy story linked to an InDesign layout, the change may be overridden when the
content is updated in InDesign.
1In the Paragraph Styles panel, select the style that contains the bullets and numbering.
2In the Paragraph Styles panel menu, choose Convert “[style]” Bullets and Numbering to Text.
If you convert bullets and numbering to text in a style on which another style is based (a parent style), the bullets and
numbering in the child style are also converted to text.
After you convert numbering to text, you may need to update numbers manually if you edit the text.
Find and replace character and paragraph styles
Use the Find/Change dialog box to find instances of a particular style and replace it with another.
1Choose Edit > Find/Change.
2For Search, select Document to change the style throughout the document.
3Leave the Find What and Change To options blank. If the Find Format and Change Format boxes don’t appear at
the bottom of the dialog box, click More Options.
4Click the Find Format box to display the Find Format Settings dialog box. Under Style Options, select the character
or paragraph style you want to search for, and then click OK.
5Click the Change Format box to display the Change Format Settings dialog box. Under Style Options, select the
replacement character or paragraph style, and then click OK.
6Click Find, and then use the Change, Change/Find, or Change All buttons to replace the style.
More Help topics
Group styles
Create nested styles
Create named grid formats
Duplicate styles or style groups
EPUB Contents options
Place (import) text
Place (import) text
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Paste text
Use Quick Apply
Group styles
Create a paragraph style for running lists
Find and change text
Find and change fonts
Drop caps and nested styles
There are three main ways to use Drop Caps and Nested Styles feature: to apply a character style to a drop cap, to apply
a nested style to text at the beginning of a paragraph, and to apply a nested line style to one or more lines in a paragraph.
Apply a character style to a drop cap
You can apply a character style to the drop-cap character or characters in a paragraph. For example, if you want a drop-
cap character to have a different color and font than the rest of the paragraph, you can define a character style that has
these attributes. Then you can either apply the character style directly to a paragraph, or you can nest the character style
in a paragraph style.
Note: You cannot create new styles in InCopy content linked to an InDesign layout.
1Create a character style that has the formatting you want to use for the drop-cap character.
2Do one of the following:
•To apply the drop cap to a single paragraph, choose Drop Caps And Nested Styles from the Paragraph panel
menu.
•To nest the character style in a paragraph style, double-click the paragraph style, and then click Drop Caps And
Nested Styles.
3Specify the number of drop-cap lines and characters, and then choose the character style.
4If the drop cap is aligned too far away from the left edge, select Align Left Edge.
Selecting this option uses the original left side bearing of the drop-cap character rather than the larger value. It’s
particularly useful for drop caps formatted in sans serif fonts.
5If the drop cap character overlaps the text below it, select Scale For Descenders.
6To control how text that wraps around the drop cap is adjusted relative to the frame grid, choose an option from the
menu.
Ignore Frame GridThe drop cap and text are not adjusted, so text may not align to the frame’s grid.
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Pad To Frame GridThe drop cap is not scaled and the text is aligned to the grid, so there may be extra white space
between the drop cap and text that wraps around it.
Scale Up To GridThis option scales the drop cap to be wider for horizontal text or taller for vertical text so that the
text aligns with the grid.
Scale Down To GridThis option scales the drop cap to be narrower for horizontal text for shorter for vertical text so
that the text aligns with the grid.
7Click OK.
If you want to apply a different nested style to any characters after the drop cap, use the New Nested Style option. (See
Create nested styles.)
Create nested styles
You can specify character-level formatting for one or more ranges of text within a paragraph or line. You can also set
up two or more nested styles to work together, one taking over where the previous one ends. For paragraphs with
repetitive and predictable formatting, you can even loop back to the first style in the sequence.
Nested styles are especially useful for run-in headings. For example, you can apply one character style to the first letter
in a paragraph and another character style that takes effect through the first colon (:). For each nested style, you can
define a character that ends the style, such as a tab character or the end of a word.
Note: You can create new styles in a stand-alone InCopy document, but not in content linked to an InDesign layout.
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Michael Murphy provides an article on nested styles at InDesign's Nested Styles Auto-Format Multiple Paragraphs. He
also provides a series of video tutorials that starts at Nested Style Sheets.
Create one or more nested styles
1Create one or more character styles that you want to use to format text.
2Do one of the following:
•To add nested styles to a paragraph style, double-click the paragraph style, and then click Drop Caps And Nested
Styles.
•To add nested styles to a single paragraph, choose Drop Caps And Nested Styles from the Paragraph panel menu.
Note: For best results, apply nested styles as part of paragraph styles. If you apply nested styles as local overrides to a
paragraph, subsequent editing or formatting changes in the nested style can produce unexpected character formatting
in the styled text.
3Click New Nested Style one or more times.
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4Do any of the following for each style, and then click OK:
•Click the character style area, and then select a character style to determine the appearance of that section of the
paragraph. If you haven’t created a character style, choose New Character Style and specify the formatting you
want to use.
•Specify the item that ends the character style formatting. You can also type the character, such as a colon (:) or a
specific letter or number. You cannot type a word.
•Specify how many instances of the selected item (such as characters, words, or sentences) are required.
•Choose Through or Up To. Choosing Through includes the character that ends the nested style, while choosing
Up To formats only those characters that precede this character.
•Select a style and click the up button or down button to change the order of the styles in the list. The order
of the styles determines the sequence in which the formatting is applied. The formatting defined by the second
style begins where the formatting of the first style concludes. If you apply a character style to the drop cap, the
drop-cap character style acts as the first nested style.
Create nested line styles
You can apply a character style to a specified number of lines in a paragraph. As with nested styles, you can set up two
or more nested line styles to work together, and you can create a repeating sequence.
Attributes applied by nested line styles can co-exist with attributes applied by nested styles. For example, a nested line
style can apply a color while a nested style can apply italics. If both set conflicting settings of the same attribute, such
as red and blue, the nested style takes precedence over the nested line style.
1Create one or more character styles that you want to use to format text.
2Do one of the following:
•To add nested line styles to a paragraph style, double-click the paragraph style, and then click Drop Caps And
Nested Styles.
•To add nested line styles to a single paragraph, choose Drop Caps And Nested Styles from the Paragraph panel
menu.
3Click New Nested Line Style one or more times.
4Click the character style area, and then select a character style to determine the appearance of that section. If you
haven’t created a character style, choose New Character Style and specify the formatting you want to use.
5Specify the number of paragraph lines you want the character style to affect.
Select a style and click the up button or down button to change the order of the styles in the list. The order
determines the sequence in which the formatting is applied.
6Click OK.
Loop through nested styles
You can repeat a series of two or more nested styles throughout a paragraph. A simple example would be to alternate
red and green words in a paragraph. Or, in nested line styles you could alternate red and green lines in a paragraph. The
repeating pattern remains intact even if you add or remove words in the paragraph.
1Create the character styles you want to use.
2Edit or create a paragraph style, or place the insertion point in the paragraph you want to format.
3In the Drop Caps And Nested Styles section or dialog box, click New Nested Style (or New Nested Line Style) at least
twice and choose settings for each style.
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4Do either of the following:
•For nested styles, click New Nested Style again, choose [Repeat] in the character style area, and specify how many
nested styles will be repeated.
•For nested line styles, click New Nested Line Style again, choose [Repeat] in the character style area, and specify
how many lines will be repeated.
In some cases, you may want to skip the first style or styles. For example, an events calendar paragraph may include
“This Week’s Events” followed by days of the week and their events. In this case, you could create five nested styles:
one for “This Week’s Events,” one each for the day, event, and event time, and a final style with a [Repeat] value of
3, thereby excluding the first nested style from the loop.
The [Repeat] item should be the last in the list. Any nested style below [Repeat] is ignored.
5Click OK.
Nested style character style options
To determine how a nested character style ends, select any of the following:
If you don’t want the character to be included in the nested style formatted, choose Up To instead of Through when you
define the nested style.
SentencesPeriods, question marks, and exclamation points indicate the end of a sentence. If a quotation mark follows
the punctuation, it is included as part of the sentence.
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WordsAny space or white space character indicates the end of a word.
AlphabetThe endpoint for Arabic numerals is defined by a space. For double-byte characters, it is the same as for
letters.
CharactersAny character other than zero-width markers (for anchors, index markers, XML tags and so on) is
included.
Note: If you select Characters, you can also type a character, such as a colon or a period, to end the nested style. If you type
multiple characters, any of those characters will end the style. For example, if your run-in headings end with a hyphen,
colon, or question mark, you can type -:? to end the nested style where any of these characters appears.
LettersAny character that does not include punctuation, white space, digits, and symbols.
DigitsThe Arabic numerals 0–9 are included.
End Nested Style CharacterExtends the nested style up to or through the appearance of the End Nested Style character
you insert. To insert this character, choose Type > Insert Special Character > Other > End Nested Style Here.
Tab CharactersExtends the nested style up to or through the tab character (not the tab setting).
Forced Line BreakExtends the nested style up to or through the forced line break. (Choose Type > Insert Break
Character > Forced Line Break.)
Indent To Here CharacterExtends the nested style up to or through the Indent To Here character. (Choose Type >
Insert Special Character > Other > Indent To Here.)
Em Spaces, En Spaces, or Non-breaking SpacesExtends the nested style up to or through the space character. (Choose
Type > Insert White Space > [space character].)
Anchored Object MarkerExtends the nested style up to or through an inline graphic marker, which appears where an
inline graphic is inserted.
Auto Page Number / Section MarkerExtends the nested style up to or through the page number or section name
marker.
End a nested style
In most cases, a nested style ends where the condition of the defined style is met, such as after three words or where a
period appears. However, you can also end a nested style before the condition is met using the End Nested Style Here
character.
1Place the insertion point where you want the nested style to end.
2Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Other > End Nested Style Here.
This character ends the nested style at that point, regardless of the nested style definition.
Remove the formatting of a nested style
•In the Drop Caps And Nested Styles dialog box, or in the Drop Caps And Nested Styles section of the Paragraph
Style Options dialog box, select the nested style and click Delete.
•Apply a different paragraph style.
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Create GREP styles
GREP is an advanced, pattern-based search technique. You can use GREP styles to apply a character style to text that
conforms to the GREP expression you specify. For example, suppose you want to apply a character style to all the phone
numbers in text. When you create a GREP style, you select the character style and specify the GREP expression. All
paragraph text that matches the GREP expression is formatted with the character style.
A Character style B GREP expression
For a video tutorial on creating GREP styles, see www.adobe.com/go/lrvid4028_id.
David Blatner provides real-world examples of GREP styles at 5 Cool Things You Can Do with GREP Styles. Cari
Jansen provides a four-part series about GREP styles that begins at Introducing GREP Styles.
1Do one of the following:
•To apply GREP styling to individual paragraphs, select the paragraphs and choose Grep Styles from the
Paragraph or Control panel menu.
•To apply GREP styling to individual paragraphs, select the paragraphs and choose Grep Styles from the
Paragraph panel menu.
•To use GREP styles in a paragraph style, create or edit a paragraph style, and click the GREP Styling tab on the
left side of the Paragraph Style Options dialog box.
2Click New GREP Style.
3Click to the right of Apply Style, and then specify a character style. If you haven’t created a character style to use,
choose New Character Style and specify the formatting you want to use.
4Click to the right of To Text and do any of the following to construct a GREP expression:
•Enter the search expression manually. (See Metacharacters for searching.)
•Click the Special Characters For Search icon to the right of the To Text field. Choose options from the Locations,
Repeat, Match, Modifiers, and Posix submenus to help construct the GREP expression.
5Click OK.
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More Help topics
Use drop caps
Search using GREP expressions
GREP styles video
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Chapter 8: Typography
Bullets and numbering
Create bulleted or numbered lists
In bulleted lists, each paragraph begins with a bullet character. In numbered lists, each paragraph begins with an
expression that includes a number or letter and a separator such as a period or parenthesis. The numbers in a numbered
list are updated automatically when you add or remove paragraphs in the list. You can change the type of bullet or
numbering style, the separator, the font attributes and character styles, and the type and amount of indent spacing.
You cannot use the Type tool to select the bullets or numbers in a list. Instead, edit their formatting and indent spacing
using the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, the Paragraph panel, or the Bullets And Numbering section of the
Paragraph Styles dialog box (if the bullets or numbers are part a style).
A quick way to create a bulleted or numbered list is to type the list, select it, and then click the Bulleted List or
Numbered List button in the Control panel. These buttons let you turn the list on or off and switch between bullets and
numbers. You can also make bullets and numbering part of a paragraph style and construct lists by assigning styles to
paragraphs.
Note: Automatically generated bullet and number characters aren’t actually inserted in the text. Therefore, they cannot be
found during a text search or selected with the Type tool unless you convert them to text. In addition, bullets and numbering
don’t appear in the story editor window (except in the paragraph style column).
For a video tutorial on creating bulleted and numbered lists, see www.adobe.com/go/vid0077.
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InDesign Docs provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create outlines, multi-level lists, figure
captions, and numbered steps.
1Select the set of paragraphs that will become the list, or click to place the insertion point where you want the list to
begin.
2Do any of the following:
•Click the Bulleted List button or the Numbered List button in the Control panel (in Paragraph mode).
Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) while clicking a button to display the Bullets And Numbering
dialog box.
•Choose Bullets And Numbering from the Paragraph panel or Command panel. For List Type, choose either
Bullets or Numbers. Specify the settings you want, and then click OK.
•Apply a paragraph style that includes bullets or numbering.
3To continue the list in the next paragraph, move the insertion point to the end of the list and press Enter or Return.
4To end the list (or list segment, if the list is to be continued later in the story), click the Bulleted List or Numbered
List button in the Control panel again, or choose Bullets And Numbering from the Paragraph panel menu.
Format a bulleted or numbered list
1Using the Type tool , select the bulleted or numbered paragraphs you want to reformat.
2Do any of the following to open the Bullets And Numbering dialog box:
•Choose Bullets And Numbering from the Control panel menu (in Paragraph mode) or the Paragraph panel
menu.
•Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) either the Bulleted List button or the Numbered List button
.
3In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, do any of the following:
•Change the bullet character.
•Change the numbered list options.
•Choose a style for the numbers or bullets from the Character Style list.
4To change the position of the bullet or number, specify any of the following:
AlignmentLeft-aligns, centers, or right-aligns the bullets or numbers within the horizontal space allotted for
numbers. (If this space is narrow, the difference between the three options is negligible.)
Left IndentSpecifies how far the lines after the first line are indented.
First Line IndentControls where the bullet or number is positioned.
Increase the First Line Indent value if you want the punctuation in long lists to be aligned. For example, if you want
“9.” and “10.” to be aligned on the period, change the Alignment to Right and gradually increase the first line indent
until the numbers align (make sure Preview is turned on).
To create the hanging indent effect, specify a positive Left Indent value (such as 2p0), and then specify an equal
negative value (such as -2p0) for First Line Indent.
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Note: The Left Indent, First Line Indent, and Tab Position settings in the Bullets And Numbering dialog box are
paragraph attributes. For that reason, changing these settings in the Paragraph panel also changes bulleted and
numbered list formats
Tab PositionActivates the tab position to create space between the bullet or number and the start of the list item.
By default, bullets and numbers inherit some of their text formatting from the first character in the paragraph to which
they’re attached. If the first character in one paragraph is different from the first characters in other paragraphs, the
numbering or bullet character may appear inconsistent with the other list items. If this is not the formatting you desire,
create a character style for numbers or bullets and apply it to your list by using the Bullets And Numbering dialog box.
Change bullet characters
If you don’t want to use one of the existing bullet characters, you can add other bullet characters to the Bullet Character
grid. A bullet character that is available in one font may not be available in another font. You can choose whether the
font is remembered with any bullet character you add.
If you want to use a bullet found in a specific font (such as the pointing hand from Dingbats), be sure to set the bullet
to remember that font. If you use a basic bullet character, it’s probably best not to remember the font, because most fonts
have their own version of that bullet character. Depending on whether you select the Remember Font With Bullet
option, a bullet you add can reference either a Unicode value and a specific font family and style, or just a Unicode value.
Note: Bullets that reference only the Unicode value (without a remembered font) appear with a red “u” indicator.
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A Bullet without remembered font B Bullet with remembered font
Change the bullet character
1On the Control panel menu or Paragraph panel menu, select Bullets And Numbering.
2In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu.
3Select a different bullet character, and then click OK.
Add a bullet character
1In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu, then click Add.
2Select the glyph that you want to use as the bullet character. (Different font families and font styles contain different
glyphs.)
3If you want the new bullet to remember the currently chosen font and style, select Remember Font With Bullet.
4Click Add.
Note: The list of bullet characters is stored in the document, like paragraph and character styles. When you paste or load
paragraph styles from another document, any bullet character used in those styles appears in the Bullets And Numbering
dialog box, along with the other bullets defined for the current document.
Remove a bullet character
1In the Bullets And Numbering dialog box, select Bullets from the List Type menu.
2Select the bullet character you want to remove, and click Delete. (The first preset bullet character cannot be deleted.)
Change numbered list options
In a numbered list, the numbers are updated automatically when you add or remove paragraphs in the list. Paragraphs
that are part of the same list are numbered sequentially. These paragraphs do not have to be consecutive to one another
as long as you define a list for the paragraphs.
You can also create a multi-level list, in which list items are numbered in outline form and are indented by different
degrees.
1Open the Bullets And Numbering dialog box.
2Under Numbering Style, select the type of numbering you want to use from the Format menu.
3In the Number box, use the default expression—period (.) and tab space (^t)—or construct a number expression of
your own. To enter a number expression, delete the period after the number metacharacter (^#) and do one of the
following:
•Type a character (such as a closing parenthesis) or more than one character in place of the period.
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You can also input a full-width separator instead of a half-width period separator, which is especially useful for
vertical text.
•Choose an item (such as Em Dash or Ellipses) from the Insert Special Character menu.
•Type a word or character before the number metacharacter. For example, to number questions in a list, you can
type the word Question.
4Choose a character style for the expression. (The style you choose applies to the entire number expression, not just
to the number.)
5For Mode, choose one of the following options:
Continue From Previous NumberNumbers lists sequentially.
Start AtStarts numbering at a number or other value that you enter in the text box. Enter a number, not a letter,
even if your list uses letters or Roman numerals for numbering.
6Specify any other options, and then click OK.
Defining lists
A defined list can be interrupted by other paragraphs and lists, and can span different stories and different documents
in a book. For example, use defined lists to create a multi-level outline, or to create a running list of numbered table
names throughout your document. You can also define lists for separately numbered or bulleted items that are mixed
together. For example, in a list of questions and answers, define one list for numbering the questions and another for
numbering the answers.
Defined lists are often used to track paragraphs for numbering purposes. When you create a paragraph style for
numbering, you can assign the style to a defined list, and paragraphs are numbered in that style according to where they
appear in the defined list. The first paragraph to appear is given number 1 (“Table 1”), for example, and the next
paragraph is given number 2 (“Table 2”), even if it appears several pages later. Because both paragraphs belong to the
same defined list, they can be numbered consecutively no matter how far apart they are in the document or book.
Define a new list for each type of item you want to number—step-by-step instructions, tables, and figures, for example.
By defining multiple lists, you can interrupt one list with another and maintain number sequences in each list.
If list items appear in unthreaded frames on the same page, items are numbered in the order in which the text frames
are added to the page. To reorder the items, cut and paste the text frames one by one in the order in which you want
them to be listed.
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For a video tutorial on creating bulleted and numbered lists, see www.adobe.com/go/vid0077.
Define a list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Click New in the Define Lists dialog box.
3Enter a name for the list, choose whether you want to continue numbering across stories, and continue numbering
from previous documents in your book.
4Click OK twice.
After you define a list, you can use it in a paragraph style, such as a style for tables, figures, or ordered lists, as well as
apply it by way of the Control panel and Paragraph panel.
Note: Some lists are defined automatically. For example, when you import a numbered list from a Microsoft Word
document, InDesign defines a list automatically for your document.
Edit a defined list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click Edit.
3Enter a new name for the list or change your selection of Continue Numbers options.
Paragraph styles that are assigned to the list are reassigned to the list under its new name.
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Delete a defined list
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list.
3Click Delete, and then select a different list or the [Default] list to replace your list with.
Create a paragraph style for running lists
To create a running list—a list that is interrupted by other paragraphs or that spans multiple stories or documents—
create a paragraph style and apply the style to paragraphs that you want to be part of the list. For example, to create a
running list of the tables in your document, create a paragraph style called Tables, make a defined list part of the style,
and then apply the Tables paragraph style to all paragraphs you want in your Table list.
InDesign Docs provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create figure captions and numbered
steps.
1Choose New Paragraph Style from the Paragraph Styles panel menu.
2Enter a style name.
3On the left side of the New Paragraph Style dialog box, click Bullets And Numbering.
4For List Type, select Bullets or Numbering.
5If you are creating a style for numbered lists, choose a defined list from the List menu, or choose New List and define
the list.
6Specify the bullet or numbering characteristics.
7Use the Bullet or Number Position section of the New Paragraph Style dialog box to change the indent spacing. For
example, to create a hanging indent, type 2p for Left Indent and -2p for First Line Indent.
8Specify other paragraph style attributes for the style, and then click OK.
Create multi-level lists
A multi-level list is a list that describes hierarchical relationships between the list paragraphs. These lists are also called
outline lists because they resemble outlines. The list’s numbering scheme (as well as indentations) show rank as well as
how items are subordinate to one another. You can tell where each paragraph fits in the list with respect to the
paragraphs before and after it. You can include up to nine levels in a multi-level list.
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To create a multi-level list, define the list and then create a paragraph style for each level you want. For example, a list
with four levels requires four paragraph styles (each one assigned the same defined list). As you create each style, you
define its numbering format and paragraph formatting.
Bob Bringhurst provides a series of articles about using bullets and numbering to create outlines, multi-level lists, figure
captions, and numbered steps.
1Choose New Paragraph Style from the Paragraph Styles panel menu.
2Enter a style name.
3If you already created a style for your multi-level list, choose the style you will assign to levels above this one from
the Based On menu; otherwise, choose No Paragraph Style or Basic Paragraph.
4On the left side of the New Paragraph Style dialog box, click Bullets And Numbering.
5Choose Numbers from the List Type menu.
6Choose a list you defined from the List menu. If you haven’t yet defined your list, you can choose New List from the
menu and define it now.
7In the Level box, enter a number that describes which level of the multi-level list you’re creating a style for.
8From the Format menu, choose the type of numbering you want to use.
9In the Number box, enter metacharacters or select metacharacters from the menus to describe the number
formatting you want for list items at this level.
•To include numbering prefixes from higher levels, enter text or click at the start of the Number box and choose
Insert Number Placeholder and then select a Level option (for example, Level 1), or enter ^ and then the list level
(for example, enter ^1). In a list with first levels numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on, and second levels numbered a, b, c,
and so on, including the first-level prefix in the second level renders second-level numbers as 1a, 1b, 1c; 2a, 2b,
2c; 3a, 3b, 3c.
•To create a number expression, enter punctuation, enter metacharacters, or select options on the Insert Special
Character list.
10Select Restart Numbers At This Level After to renumber beginning at 1 when a paragraph at this level appears after
a paragraph at a higher level; deselect this option to number paragraphs at this level consecutively throughout the
list without regard for where the paragraphs appear in the list hierarchy.
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To restart numbers after a specific level or range of levels, type the level number or range (such as 2-4) in the Restart
Numbers At This Level After field.
11In the Bullet or Number Position area, choose Indent or Tab Position options to indent list items at this level farther
than list items at higher levels. Indenting helps subordinate items in lists stand out.
12Click OK.
In some cases, such as with numbered steps, you may want to restart numbering within the same story. To avoid
restarting the numbered list manually, create a separate style that’s identical to the Level 1 style with one exception. For
Mode, chose Start At, and then specify 1. Name this style something like “Level 1 Restart.”
Create running captions for figures and tables
Running captions number figures, tables, and other items consecutively in a document. For example, the first figure
caption starts with the words “Figure 1,” the second with “Figure 2,” and so on. To make sure that figures, tables, or
similar items are numbered consecutively, define a list for the item, and then create a paragraph style that includes the
list definition. You can also add descriptive words such as “Figure” or “Table” to the numbering scheme of the paragraph
style.
Bob Bringhurst provides an article about creating figure captions at Numbered Lists Part III - Figure Captions.
List items are numbered in the order in which they are added to the page. To reorder the items, cut and paste the items
one by one in the order in which you want them to be listed.
1Create a new paragraph style and, in the Bullets And Numbering section of the Paragraph Style Options dialog box,
choose Numbers from the List Type menu.
2Choose a defined list from the List menu (or choose New List to define a list).
3Under Numbering Style, select the type of numbering you want to use from the Format menu.
For example, select the A, B, C, D... option to create a list for “Figure A,” “Figure B,” and so on.
4In the Number box, enter a descriptive word and any spacing or punctuation (as needed) along with the numbering
metacharacters.
For example, to create a “Figure A” effect, enter the word “Figure” and a space before the numbering metacharacters
(such as Figure ^#.^t). This adds the word “Figure” followed by a sequential number (^#), a period, and a tab (^t).
Note: To include chapter numbers in running captions, choose Insert Number Placeholder > Chapter Number from the
Number list, or enter ^H where you want the chapter number to appear in the number scheme.
5Finish creating the style and click OK.
After you create the style, apply it to text figure captions or table titles.
You can use the Table Of Contents feature to generate a list of tables or figures.
Restart or continue numbering for a list
InDesign offers commands for restarting a list and continuing a list:
Restarting a numbered listPlace the insertion point in the paragraph and choose Restart Numbering from the context
menu or choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Restart Numbering. In normal lists, this command assigns the
number 1 (or letter A) to a paragraph and makes it the first paragraph in a list. In multi-level lists, this command assigns
the first lower-level number to a nested paragraph.
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Continuing a numbered listChoose Continue Numbering from the context menu or choose Type > Bulleted And
Numbered Lists > Continue Numbering. This command resumes numbering a list that was interrupted by
commentary, graphics, or nested list items. InDesign also offers commands for numbering lists that begin in one story
or book and cross into the next story or book.
Number a list from the previous or current story
Whether a list resumes numbering from the previous story or starts numbering anew in the current story depends on
how the list is defined.
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click the Edit button.
Don’t choose the Default list because it can’t run across stories.
3Select Continue Numbers Across Stories to resume numbering the list from the previous story, or deselect this
option to start the list in the current story at 1 (or A).
4Click OK twice.
Number a list from the previous or current document in a book
Whether a list resumes numbering from the previous document in a book or starts numbering anew in the current
document depends on how the list is defined.
1Choose Type > Bulleted And Numbered Lists > Define Lists.
2Select a list and click the Edit button.
3Select Continue Numbers From Previous Document In Book to resume numbering the list from the previous
document (you must choose Continue Numbers Across Stories to activate this option), or deselect this option to
start the list in the current document at 1 (or A).
4Click OK twice.
To make sure that numbering is updated properly in a book, synchronize the documents in the book and choose Update
Numbering > Update All Numbers from the books panel menu.
Convert list bullets or numbers to text
1Select the paragraphs containing the bulleted or numbered list.
2Do one of the following:
•From the Paragraph panel menu, choose Convert Numbering To Text or Convert Bullets To Text.
•Right-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) the selection, and then choose Convert Numbering To Text
or Convert Bullets To Text.
Note: To remove the list numbers or bullets, click the Numbered List button or Bulleted List button to unapply list
formatting to the selected text.
More Help topics
Bulleted and Numbered Lists video
Add paragraph and character styles
Creating a table of contents
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Captions
Convert style bullets and numbering to text
Formatting CJK characters
Apply shatai to text
In traditional typesetting technology, characters were slanted by using a lens to distort the glyphs when being set on
film. This oblique style is known as shatai. Shatai is distinct from a simple slant of the glyphs, because it also scales the
glyphs. You can adjust the magnification or angle of text you want to slant from the center point, without changing the
height of the glyph, using the shatai feature in InDesign.
A No scale applied B Magnification 30%, 45 shatai C Selecting the Adjust Tsume option D Selecting the Adjust Rotation option
1Select text.
2Select Shatai from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
3Specify the following options, and click OK:
•Specify the degree of skew in Magnification (In traditional typesetting technology terms, 10% magnification is
lens 1, and 40% magnification is lens 4).
•Set the angle of obliqueness to 30, 45, or 60, in Angle.
•Select Adjust Rotation to rotate the glyphs, and display horizontal lines horizontally for horizontal text, and
vertical lines vertically for vertical text.
•Select Adjust Tsume to apply jidori.
You can fine tune the rotated oblique effect for individual characters, after applying shatai to text.
Rotate characters
1Select the characters.
2In the Character panel, type a value for Character Rotation Specify a minus value to rotate the character to the
right (clockwise).
Adjust aki before and after characters
1Select opening parenthesis or closing parenthesis with the type tool.
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2Choose the amount of aki you want to add from the Mojikumi Before Character or Mojikumi After Character
pop-up menu, in the Character panel.
For example, if you specify 2bu, half a full-width space is added, and if you specify 4bu, a quarter of a full-width space
is added. This aki will not be adjusted when the line is set to full justification. Adjusting aki is especially useful to
override Mojikumi Akiryo Settings for certain characters.
Use tate-chu-yoko
Using tate-chu-yoko (also known as kumimoji or renmoji) is an option to make a part of the text horizontal, in vertical
text. It is easier to read half-width characters such as numbers, dates, and short foreign words in a vertical text frame,
by rotating the text.
You can move text left, right, up, and down when you turn on the Tate-chu-yoko option. You can also set Auto Tate-
chu-yoko for special half-width characters. Auto Tate-chu-yoko is set in the paragraph attributes.
Use tsume or tracking in the Character panel to adjust the character spacing for Tate-chu-yoko.
Apply tate-chu-yoko
1Select the text to which you want to apply tate-chu-yoko.
2Do one of the following:
•Choose Tate-chu-yoko from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
•Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu, choose Tate-chu-yoko
in the Tate-chu-yoko dialog box, and click OK.
If multiple instances of tate-chu-yoko appear next to each other, use the Non-joiner character to keep them separate.
Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Other > Non-joiner.
Remove tate-chu-yoko
1Select the text to which you want to apply tate-chu-yoko.
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2Do one of the following:
•Choose and cancel Tate-chu-yoko from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
•Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu, deselect Tate-chu-yoko in the Tate-chu-yoko
dialog box, and then click OK.
Change tate-chu-yoko settings
1Choose Tate-chu-yoko Settings from the Character panel menu.
2Specify a value for moving the text up or down in X Offset. If you specify a plus value, the text will move up, and if
you specify a minus value, it will move down.
3Specify a value for moving the text left or right in Y Offset. If you specify a plus value, the text will move to the right,
and if you specify a minus value, it will move to the left.
Set Auto Tate-chu-yoko for specific paragraphs
1Select the text to be set to Auto Tate-chu-yoko, or place the text insertion point in the paragraph.
2Choose Auto Tate-chu-yoko from the Paragraph panel menu.
3In KumiNumber, specify the number of successive half-width characters that you want to rotate to vertical
orientation. For example, if this is set to 2, the character string "123" will not rotate, while "12" will.
4If you want to apply tate-chu-yoko to roman text, select Include Roman Characters, and click OK.
Add Ruby to text
In Japanese, Ruby (also known as furigana) is normally used to show the kanji yomi in hiragana. In Simplified Chinese,
Ruby is called Pinyin, while in Traditional Chinese, Ruby is called Chuyin. InDesign provides full support to Japanese
Ruby and limited support to Chinese Pinyin or Chuyin. You can adjust Ruby settings to specify Ruby location, size, or
color. Furthermore, when the ruby is longer than the parent you can specify the ruby distribution. You can also apply
tate-chu-yoko to Ruby.
When the parent to which you want to attach ruby covers two lines, the ruby will follow when the parent moves to the
next line.
Note: In some instances, such as when applying a style that includes a variable, Ruby characters may be removed.
1Select the text to which you want to attach ruby. You cannot attach ruby when there are forced line breaks in the
selected text.
2Select Ruby > Ruby from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
3Enter the ruby characters in Ruby.
4Change Ruby settings by clicking an option on the left side of the dialog box and specifying settings.
5Click OK.
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Ruby settings
The following options appear in the different panels of the Ruby dialog box.
Ruby Placement and Spacing
•From the Type menu, choose Per-Character or Group Ruby. When Per Character Ruby is selected, enter a half or
full width space when inputting Ruby characters to separate them in line with their parent characters. For
"hakunetsutou" for example, enter as "haku netsu tou" (example of a word composed of Japanese characters and its
phonetic spelling is given).
•From the Alignment menu, specify the position of the Ruby characters. You can check the position with the graphic
shown in the sample field.
•To attach ruby above horizontal text or to the right of vertical text, select Above/Right, and to attach below
horizontal text or to the left of vertical text, select Below/Left in Placement.
•Specify the spacing between the ruby and the parent in XOffset and YOffset. When you enter a minus value, the
ruby moves closer to the parent.
Ruby Font and Size
•Select a font family and font style in Font.
•Specify the size of the ruby characters in Size. The default ruby size is half the size of the parent.
•Specify the scale for the height and width of the ruby characters in Horizontal Scale and Vertical Scale.
•Select Use Open Type Pro Ruby Glyphs to use alternate glyphs for ruby (when possible). Specific kana characters
are available for some Open Type Pro fonts. When you select this option, the specific font for ruby characters, and
not the standard kana font, will be used.
•In KumiNumber, specify the number of successive half-width characters that you want to rotate to vertical
orientation. For example, if this is set to 2, the character string "123" will not rotate, while "12" will.
•Select Include Roman Characters to apply tate-chu-yoko to roman text.
•Select Scale to Fit to force the tate-chu-yoko to have the same dimensions (1 em x 1 em) in the ruby string, either
using an OpenType feature or scaling the glyphs.
Adjustment When Ruby Is Longer Than Parent
•With Overhang, when the total Ruby width is greater than that of their parent characters, the specified Ruby will
overflow widthways into the space above characters either side of the parents. For Japanese, character types
compatible with Overhang comply with the JISx4051-1995 specification.
•Specify the parent character spacing necessary for attaching ruby in Spacing. When you select a different option, the
graphics displayed in the sample field are updated.
•To automatically adjust the ruby character width, select Char Width Scaling, and specify the compression scale for
the width of the ruby characters.
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•Select Auto Align at Line Edges to align the parent with the start and end of the line.
Ruby Color
•Select a color swatch in the list box.
•Specify the degree of tinting and line weight, as necessary.
•Select Overprint Fill or Overprint Stroke to set filling or stroke overprint for ruby characters.
(See Determining when to overprint manually .)
Apply kenten
Kenten (also known as Boten) are points which you attach to text you want to highlight. You can select the type of points
from existing kenten forms, or specify customized kenten characters. You can also specify the position, scale, and color
by adjusting the kenten settings.
Apply kenten
1Choose the characters you want to highlight.
2Choose a kenten character, such as Fisheye or White Circle, from Kenten in the Character panel menu or Control
panel menu.
Change kenten settings and color
1Choose Kenten > Kenten from the Character panel menu or Control panel menu.
2For Kenten Settings, specify the options below:
Kenten TypeSelect a kenten character, such as Fisheye or White Circ le. Choose Custom to specify a custom
character. You can enter characters directly, or you can specify a character code value for the specified character set.
PositionSpecify the spacing between the kenten and characters.
LocationSelect Above/Right to attach kenten above horizontal text or to the right of vertical text, and Below/Left
to attach below horizontal text or to the left of vertical text.
SizeSpecify the size of the kenten character.
AlignSpecify whether the kenten should be displayed in the center (Center) or to the left (Left) (above for vertical
text) of the character's embox.
H/Scale and V/ScaleSpecify the scale for the height and width of the kenten character.
3To change the color of the kenten, choose Kenten Color from the list box, and then specify the options below:
•Select a color swatch from the list box.
•Specify the degree of tinting and line weight, as necessary.
•Select Overprint Fill or Overprint Stroke to set filling or stroke overprint for kenten characters.
(See Determining when to overprint manually .)
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4Click OK.
Align text of different sizes
You can specify how to align text to the largest characters in a line using the Character Alignment option, when
positioning characters of different sizes in 1 line. It is possible to align characters to the top, center or bottom of the
embox (right, center, and left for vertical frames), to the roman baseline, and to the top or bottom of the ICF box (right
or left for vertical frames). ICF (Ideographic Character Face) is the average height and width used by the font designer
to design the ideographic characters which comprise a font.
A Align different size letters above full space letters B Align different size letters in the middle of full space letters C Align different size letters
below full space letters
Note: The Character Alignment option is not effective, even if applied, when all characters are the same size in a line.
1Select a range of text or lines for the characters you want to align, or select a text frame using the selection tool.
2Choose one of the following options from Character Alignment in the Character panel menu or Control panel
menu.
•Roman Baseline aligns the small characters in a line to the large character baseline grid.
•Embox Top/Right, Center, or Embox Bottom/Left align the small characters in a line to the specified position of
the large characters embox. In vertical text frames, Embox Top/Right aligns the text to the right of the embox,
and Embox Bottom/Left aligns the paragraph to the left of the embox.
•ICF Top/Right and ICF Bottom/Left align the small characters in a line to the ICF specified by the large
characters. In vertical text frames, ICF Top/Right aligns the text to the right of the ICF, and ICF Bottom/Left to
the left of the ICF.
More Help topics
Change the text direction
Align paragraphs to a baseline grid
Using fonts
About fonts
A font is a complete set of characters—letters, numbers, and symbols—that share a common weight, width, and style,
such as 10-pt Adobe Garamond Bold.
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Typefaces (often called type families or font families) are collections of fonts that share an overall appearance, and are
designed to be used together, such as Adobe Garamond.
A type style is a variant version of an individual font in a font family. Typically, the Roman or Plain (the actual name
varies from family to family) member of a font family is the base font, which may include type styles such as regular,
bold, semibold, italic, and bold italic.
For CJK-language fonts, the font style name is often determined by the variation in thickness (also called weight). For
example, the Japanese font Kozuka-Mincho Std includes six weights: Extra Light, Light, Regular, Medium, Bold and
Heavy. The font style name which is displayed depends on the font manufacturer. Each font style is a stand-alone file.
If the font style file has not been installed, that font style cannot be selected from Font Style.
Installing fonts
When you install InCopy or Adobe Creative Suite, fonts are automatically installed in the system fonts folder.
•Windows: On Windows the fonts are located in the “\Windows\Fonts” folder. For example, c:\Windows\Fonts\
•Mac OS: On Mac, the fonts are located in the “/Library/Fonts”
For information on installing and activating fonts to be used in all applications, see your system documentation or your
font manager documentation.
You can make fonts available in InCopy by copying the font files into the Fonts folder inside the InDesign application
folder on your hard drive. However, fonts in this Fonts folder are available only to InCopy .
If two or more fonts are active in InCopy and use the same family name but have different Adobe PostScript names, the
fonts are available in InCopy . Duplicate fonts are listed in the menus with their font technologies abbreviated in
parentheses. For example, a Helvetica TrueType font appears as “Helvetica (TT),” a Helvetica PostScript Type 1 font
appears as “Helvetica (T1),” and a Helvetica OpenType font appears as “Helvetica (OTF).” If two fonts have the same
PostScript name and one includes .dfont in its name, the other font is used.
Apply a font to text
When you specify a font, you can select the font family and its type style independently. When you change from one
font family to another, InCopy attempts to match the current style with the style available in the new font family. For
example, Arial Bold would change to Times Bold when you change from Arial to Times.
When you apply a bold or italic style to type, InCopy applies the typeface style specified by the font. In most cases, the
specific version of bold or italic is applied as expected. However, some fonts may apply a bold or italic variation that
isn’t exactly labeled bold or italic, respectively. For example, some font designers specify that when you apply bold to a
font, the semibold variation is applied.
When applying a Roman font to text containing both CJK and Roman characters, a message is displayed to indicate
that this operation will only apply to and override Roman text. By selecting text containing both CJK and Roman
characters, and pressing Ctrl+Alt (Windows) or Command+Option (Mac OS) while selecting and overriding the
Roman font you will apply Roman font to CJK characters, and garbled characters will be displayed.
Furthermore, when you apply a CJK font to text that includes Japanese and Roman characters, the CJK font is applied
to the entire text, including the Roman text (CJK fonts without Roman characters will not be applied).
In the Font List displayed in the Character panel and by selecting Type > Font, CJK fonts are displayed before Roman
fonts. In addition, when composite fonts have been created and specified, they are displayed above the CJK fonts.
1Select the text you want to change.
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2Do any of the following:
•In the Character panel or Control panel, select a font in the Font Family menu or a style in the Type Style menu.
(In Mac OS, you can select type styles in the Font Family submenus.)
•In the Character panel or Control panel, click in front of the font family name or type style name (or double-click
its first word) and type in the first few characters of the name you want. As you type, InCopy displays font family
or type style names that match the characters you’ve typed.
•Choose a font in the Type > Font menu. Note that you choose both a font family and a type style when you use
this menu.
Specify a typeface size
By default, typeface size is measured in points (a point equals 1/72 of an inch). You can specify any typeface size from
0.1 to 1296 points, in 0.001-point increments.
Note: In Fireworks, the typeface size is measured in pixels by default.
1Select the characters or type objects you want to change. If you don’t select any text, the typeface size applies to new
text you create.
2Do one of the following:
•In the Character panel or Control bar set the Font Size option.
•Choose a size from the Type > Size menu. Choosing Other lets you type a new size in the Character panel.
You can change the unit of measurement for type in the Preferences dialog box. This option is not available in
Fireworks.
Previewing fonts
You can view samples of a font in the font family and font style menus in the Character panel and other areas in the
application from where you can choose fonts. The following icons are used to indicate different kinds of fonts:
•OpenType
•Type 1
•TrueType
•Multiple Master
•Composite
You can turn off the preview feature or change the point size of the font names or font samples in Type preferences.
OpenType fonts
OpenType fonts use a single font file for both Windows® and Macintosh® computers, so you can move files from one
platform to another without worrying about font substitution and other problems that cause text to reflow. They may
include a number of features, such as swashes and discretionary ligatures, that aren’t available in current PostScript and
TrueType fonts.
OpenType fonts display the icon.
When working with an OpenType font, you can automatically substitute alternate glyphs, such as ligatures, small
capitals, fractions, and old style proportional figures, in your text.
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A Ordinals B Discretionary ligatures C Swashes
OpenType fonts may include an expanded character set and layout features to provide richer linguistic support and
advanced typographic control. OpenType fonts from Adobe that include support for central European (CE) languages
include the word “Pro,” as part of the font name in application font menus. OpenType fonts that don’t contain central
European language support are labeled “Standard,” and have an “Std” suffix. All OpenType fonts can also be installed
and used alongside PostScript Type 1 and TrueType fonts.
For more information on OpenType fonts, see www.adobe.com/go/opentype.
Installing OpenType fonts
InCopy includes fonts from various OpenType families, including Adobe Garamond Pro, Adobe Caslon Pro, Trajan
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